Washington – Jefferson

The New Republic

AH1.H.2.1

Analyze key political, economic, and social turning points from colonization through Reconstruction in terms of causes and effects(e.g., conflicts, legislation, elections, innovations, leadership, movements, Supreme Court decisions, etc)

AH1.H.4.1

Analyze the political issues and conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted (e.g., American Revolution, Constitutional Convention, Bill of Rights, development of political parties, nullification, slavery, and states' rights.

AH1.H.5.2

Explain how judicial, legislative and executive actions have affected the distribution of power between levels of government from colonization through Reconstruction (e.g., the Marshall Court, Jacksonian era, nullification, secession, etc.).

AH1.H.6.1

Explain how national economic and political interest helped set the direction US foreign policy from Independence through Reconstruction (treaties, embargo, tariffs,

AH1.H.6.2

Explain the reasons for involvement in wars prior to Reconstruction and the influence each involvement had on international affairs.

Essential Standards:

1788 – Washington unanimously elected president. Two terms 1788-1797. VIDEO

Washington inaugurated in Philadelphia, Penn.

Capital moved to NYC [Center of $ and Trade]

First Administration installed:Judiciary Act of 1789

John Jay, First Supreme Court Justice6 Fellow JudgesSystem of Federal Courts [13 for the 13

states]

In the beginning…

Presidential Cabinet

Office Secretary

The State Department Thomas Jefferson

The War Department Henry Knox

The Treasury Department

Alexander Hamilton

The Attorney General Edmund Randolph

Judiciary Act of 1789Established the

Federal Court systemMade the Supreme

Court the highest court in the U.S.

“Federal Law is Supreme”

President George Washington appointed John Jay the 1st Chief Justice

John JayFirst Chief

Justice (1789-95)FederalistSent to England in

1794-5 and negotiated Jay’s Treaty

Resigned from the court in 1795 to become governor of New York

Alexander HamiltonWashington’s

Treasury SecretaryFederalist PartyWanted to build a

financially strong and independent US, especially for US industry and business

Thomas JeffersonWashington’s

Secretary of StateDemocratic-

Republican PartyWanted to protect

states’ rights, US-French relations

Resigned in 1793

Henry KnoxWashington’s

Secretary of WarFamous hero of the

Revolutionary WarFt. Knox (in

Kentucky) is named after him: Forts are used in WAR

Died from swallowing a chicken bone

Edmund RandolphWashington’s Attorney General

Later became Secretary of State after Jefferson’s resignation, but had to resign himself in 1795 after a scandal where he had been providing insider advice to the French government on how to deal with Pres. Washington

Issues to face… National Debt =

$52 Million No NavyNo ArmyBritish to the NorthSpanish and Indians

to the South and West

Hamilton’s Plan of ActionCreate a National BankNational Debt-

Debt from AOCAssume state debtsCombine and sell in

the stock market…Tariffs

Tax on imported goodsNational Taxes

Reminiscent of British Taxes = No Bueno!

Video: Hamilton v. JeffersonWhiskey Rebellion

Local tax on western Penn. distilleries. Locals start uprisings and attacking tax collectorsWashington calls on Militia and they end the issuesImportant why?

It set the tone that little rebellions would no longer be tolerated and would be dealt with severely.

“These ‘Democratic Societies’ [are] attempting to destroy the best fabric of human government and

happiness…”- George Washington

Debating the issues of the plan

The issue of Constitutional InterpretationsLoose Interpretation:

Implied PowersGeneral Welfare of all

Strict Interpretation:Explicit Powers Sectional & Marginal influence

A clear separation in ideals and platforms…A compromise on the Capital’s location seals

deal.The Hamilton’s Plan Video

Hamilton vs. Jefferson -Madison

Parties Emerge:Federalist

Democratic – Republicans

Hamilton Jefferson - Madison

Strong centralized government

Strong state governments

Economy based on industry and trade

Economy based on agriculture

Pro-British Pro-French

Loose Constitutional Construction

Strict Constitutional Construction

Ohio ValleyRound One: Little Turtle vs. St. Clair

1791Washington sends General St. Clair… Lost… badly.

Round Two: Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794Anthony Wayne vs. Indian ConfederationWayne WinsTreaty of GreenvilleOpened Northwest Territory to peaceful

settlement

Meanwhile… In the West…

July 14th, 1789 Revolution begins

Quickly turns violent and bloodyFrance turns to U.S. for aid by

sending Edmond Genet.Washington refuses because the

Revolution is too violent and the US is not in a place financially or otherwise to get into War.

Video

The French Revolution

Important because of the effects on US Citizens.France

Set out to enlist soldiers against Washington's orders to stay out of the conflict.

EnglandImpressment: Boarding a ship and commanding

those on board to serve in your army.Jay’s Treaty: 1794

England would release remaining American FortsUS would repay pre-war debtsBritish keep restrictions on US trade ships in the

Atlantic

France vs. Britain: 1793

Thomas Pinckney- Ambassador to SpainPinckney's Treaty 1795

Allowed US access to Mississippi River for trading.

Unblocked barricades to New Orleans

The Spanish in America

Precedents [President]Neutrality in Foreign

Affairs 2-term Presidency Use of Force To Enforce

The Law (Whiskey Rebellion)

Calling the Cabinet to

Offer Advice How to address the

President (he came up with the title President.)

First to be inaugurated “So help me God”

First to make inauguration speech

Washington walks away…