Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority

Board Action/Information Summary

TITLE:

SAFE Quarterly Report

PRESENTATION SUMMARY:

The Department of Safety & Environmental Management (SAFE) Quarterly Report publicly communicates safety-related information and statistics. This quarterly report is for the period of January - March 2015.

PURPOSE:

The Metro SAFE Quarterly Report informs the Safety and Security Committee regarding the ongoing safety culture in the Metro system and indicates performance measurement in accordance with Authority goals. Further, the public report increases communication to enhance safety of our employees, customers and surrounding Washington metropolitan area community. The Quarterly Safety Report will provide data for the period of January – March 2015, with the same period of time in 2014 and against the 2015 target in addition to summary status of Corrective Action Plans (CAPs). In addition, an update will be provided on the Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS).

DESCRIPTION:

Two key measures of a safety culture are the customer and employee injury rates. As such, both performance measures are included as part of Metro’s Strategic Plan. The 2015 targets have been set for both, with the Customer Injury Rate (CIR) at less than 1.8 injuries per million Passenger Trips and the Employee Injury Rate (EIR) at less than 4.6 injuries per 200,000 work hours.

Key Highlights:

Customer Injury Rate (CIR) – For the 1st QTR CY15, the CIR was 3.03, which did not meet the target of 1.8 injuries per million passenger trips. This rate is higher than 1st QTR CY14’s rate of 2.12 and a 55% increase over the CY2014 rate of 1.96. There were 235 NTD reportable customer injuries for the 1st QTR CY15.Employee Injury Rate (EIR) – For the 1st QTR CY15, the EIR is 7.28; this is a 56% increase over 1st QTR CY14’s rate of 4.66 injuries per 200,000 man-hours worked (equivalent to 100 employees working for a year) and a 73% increase over the CY2014 rate of 4.20. There were 212 OSHA recordable employee injuries for the 1st QTR CY15.Corrective Action Plans (CAPs) - January of this year through March 2015, 16 CAPs have been closed and there are no "unacceptable" CAPS. Additionally, there are 4 remaining NTSB recommendations open out of a total of

Action Information MEAD Number:201472

Resolution:Yes No

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the original 29 total recommendations. This does not include the 3 new recommendations received due to the Yellow Line Incident of January 12, 2015.Implementation of the FRMS continues on-track and is one of the primary goals and focus of Metro with progress being made since last Safety Committee briefing of June 2014. Specific actions are addressed further in the document.

Background and History:

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)The Department of Safety and Environmental Management utilizes two KPIs, the CIR and EIR, as overall indicators of improving the safety culture among employees and the riding public. Daily review of incidents, systematic inspections of facilities and regulatory programs, and employee/contractor training are effective uses of resources which ensure a safer workplace and environment for our passengers. The EIR measures are based on the OSHA Recordable Injury Criteria and the CIR measures are based onNational Transit Database (NTD) Reporting Criteria. The data in the appendix support the two KPIs.

Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS)Historically, the risk associated with fatigue was largely managed by limiting the numberof hours worked. However, there is increasing understanding that hours-of-service limitations by themselves may not achieve the objective of managing risk from fatigue. This together with the restrictive impact on operations has led industry and regulators to move away from using rules based solely on hours of work, and instead adopt a more comprehensive approach to fatigue risk management using Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS).

There is no question that well-rested, alert employees are critical to safe and productive operations. Virtually everyone experiences some level of fatigue from time to time. Because of its potential impact on health and safety, any organization in which individuals work extended hours or hours during which people typically sleep can benefit by directly addressing fatigue in the workplace. This is especially true for those in a safety sensitive/safety critical function.

Discussion:

KPIs

For employee injuries, Bus Operators, Train Operators, and Police Officers are the top employee groups reporting injuries for the 1st Quarter. Slips/Trips/Falls and Collision-related are the top injury types. The primary actions taken to reduce employee injuries have subsequently targeted these groups and types.

Based on a preliminary review of injury reports, the leading injury causal factors include: icy conditions (20%); inattention while walking (12%); non-preventable collisions (10%); and smoke exposure (9%). Ice-related injuries resulted in 43 OSHA Recordable

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Injuries, primarily due to Slips/Trips/Falls or Non-Preventable Collisions. Bus and Rail Transportation accounted for 63% (or 27 injuries) of the ice-related injuries. The January 12 incident resulted in 19 OSHA Recordable Injuries, 13 of which were MTPD Officers, four were SMNT mechanics, and two were RTRA operators.

Efforts are underway to improve operator poor weather footwear, as the significant increase in the EIR can be attributed to walking on icy areas (e.g., around buses and trains, sidewalks). Training continues to be offered for defensive driving to decreasenon-preventable collisions. Station inspections and bus ride-alongs continue to occur to highlight hazardous conditions.

For customers, Rail Injuries (i.e., 95% increase, primarily due to the January 12th incident) was the leading driver for the higher rate. Conversely, Bus Collision-related (i.e., 43% decrease) and Metro Access Non Collision Related (i.e., 51% decrease) sawsubstantial improvements over last year. The top three injury types were: Slip/Trip/Fall (i.e., 108 injuries); Smoke Exposure (i.e., 70 injuries); and Collision-related (i.e., 39 injuries).

To address bus passenger injuries, SAFE is working in concert with Bus’s DriveCam Team to identify safety incident hotspots. Once hotspots are verified, staff is deployed to the locations to reinforce safe behavior not only to our passengers and operators, but to also ensure the areas are clear and free of any debris or unsafe conditions.

Station inspections continue to occur to mitigate hazards that could contribute to injuries.

MetroAccess had a significant number of events in which the MetroAccess vehicle was rear-ended or sideswiped by adverse vehicles, causing injury to MetroAccess passengers. In order to reduce these categories of incidents, MetroAccess is exploring the installation of energy absorbing rear bumpers to reduce the force of impact on MetroAccess vehicles. MetroAccess is also enhancing the visibility of its vans, with theaddition of both clearance and roof strobe lighting. Additionally, mirror stations are in use to ensure proper mirror positioning, to reduce sideswipe mirror strikes, which have caused injuries to MetroAccess passengers. These actions will increase the awareness of the MetroAccess van by other drivers and increase the operator’s situational awareness, thereby reducing the risk exposure for this, and other, types of incidents.

FRMSThe Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) is an approach to systematically reducing the risk of fatigue-related performance impairment. This approach recognizes fatigue as a health and safety concern and is widely used in safety- critical transportation operations. Fatigue is unavoidable in 24-hour operations, but the risk offatigue-related impairment is not evenly distributed among personnel.

An FRMS Policy Instruction, signed in 2013, established the overall program goals,steering committees, and the relationship of the FRMS to existing safety programs. Per the FRMS Policy, the program includes a number of individual initiatives, each designed to reduce the risk of fatigue-related impairment in the workplace. FRMS initiatives are currently being established and rolled out. Program elements are in various stages of maturity and include the expansion of Hours of Service (HOS) Rules and updates to the

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new FRMS Dashboard. Individual initiatives are associated with program metrics that, once reviewed by Steering Committees, will guide the improvement of individual programs, and reduce the overall risk of fatigue at the Authority. The continuous improvement process is being established for individual initiatives as they’re being rolledout.

Hours of Service RulesHours of Service Rules are an important part of a comprehensive fatigue risk management approach and are intended to limit the risk of fatigue-related impairment by limiting work hours in the day and protecting a daily opportunity for sleep. The HOS policy development process is science-based and informed by the scientific peer-reviewed literature, industry best practices, and bio-mathematical analysis of fatigue riskassociated with actual and planned schedules for safety-sensitive and safety critical positions. The FRMS Dashboard includes reports intended to help with the management of duty limits and fatigue risk. To further support compliance, Safety Officers will offer awareness and training on HOS and fatigue risk management via Local Safety Committees. HOS Rules for Transportation Infrastructure and Engineering Services (TIES), MetroAccess and Metro Transit Police Department are currently in development.

Work-Based MitigationsThe Recuperative Break and Quiet Room initiative is based on evidence that supplemental sleep can limit the risk of fatigue-induced impairment and help sustain performance levels. This initiative establishes procedures that would enable off-duty personnel to sleep in designated Quiet Rooms. One Quiet Room is already in use for ROCC personnel. Construction of a Quiet Room accessible to Bus personnel is scheduled to be complete in Summer 2015. Pilot data collected from users of the Quiet Rooms will guide improvements to the Recuperative Break initiative.

The goal of the Secondary Employment initiative within the FRMS is primarily to generate awareness about how scheduled non-work activities can impair an individual’sability to get sufficient rest and be prepared for work. This initiative is distinct from existing conflict of interest policies as it is meant to address fatigue risk. Existing handbook rules already restrict outside employment for a number of personnel. In completing fatigue management training, personnel will declare their understanding of the importance of protecting sleep opportunities during non-work hours.

Medical Certification and Sleep DisordersUntreated sleep disorders significantly increase the risk of impairment due to fatigue. An audit of medical certification and sleep disorders treatment programs was recently completed. Maturation of this initiative will include establishing a formal relationship between sleep disorders management and the FRMS, to include the development of metrics indicative of fatigue risk.

FRMS DashboardThe FRMS Dashboard is a web-based display of fatigue-related metrics designed to assist with tracking and managing schedule-induced fatigue risk exposure, as well as hours of service rule violations. The Dashboard is intended to enhance tracking anddecision-making related to schedule-induced fatigue risk exposure. A first release of the FRMS Dashboard reports HOS limit exceedances and estimations of fatigue risk

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(derived from biomathematical modeling of work schedules via the SAFTE-FAST model and software) for Bus and Rail Transportation (about 48% of safety-sensitive positions). A second release of the FRMS Dashboard will include revised modeling-based metrics, as well as reports on fatigue related incidents and training.

Investigating the Role of Fatigue in IncidentsCurrent incident data collection tools are being modified to enable investigators tocapture additional information pertaining to signs of fatigue and work and sleepschedules. Investigators, WMATA employees such as Street Operations Managers, Rail Superintendents, Safety personnel, will receive additional specialized training on fatigue in incidents. Updated tools and procedures are currently being piloted with investigators. Safety Measurement Systems are being updated to accommodate tools for investigators. Feedback from the pilot will be reviewed by the FRMS Steering Committees and revisions to tools and procedures will be made prior to a general roll out of the procedure.

Education, Training and AwarenessActivities to promote individual FRMS initiatives within the organization are ongoing, and include the distribution of fatigue and FRMS-related safety contacts, and a presence at events for safety-sensitive personnel. Activities to promote awareness will continue to be tailored to the initiative and target group. Revised computer-based fatigue management training will be launched this year. Testing of delivery and tracking platforms for the computer-based training is ongoing. Computer-based training has been also been developed for investigating the role of fatigue in incidents.

FUNDING IMPACT:

TIMELINE:

RECOMMENDATION:

To inform the Board's Safety & Security Committee of the status of the positive and proactive safety foundation being implemented for the 1st Quarter of 2015.

Define current or potential funding impact, including source of reimbursable funds.Project Manager: James Dougherty

ProjectDepartment/Office: SAFE

Previous Actions

Continue to implement programs and processes that strengthens the safety culture,Continue to implement FRMS into a fully developed system with the establishment of HoS policy anddashboard,

Anticipated actions afterpresentation

Continue to build premeir safety culture and system,Fully implement NTSB recommendations,Mitigate human factors as potential safety risks

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2014 Collisions 2015 Collisions

Chart 1: Rail Passenger Injury Rates

Chart 2: Bus Passenger Injury Rates

*Jan 2015 On-Board Rate includes January 12th Incident

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Chart 3: Metro Access Passenger Injury Rates

Chart 4: Bus Collision Rates

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Chart 6: Pedestrian/Cyclists Injuries (Transported)

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Chart 7: Smoke/Fire Incidents (March Pending)

Chart 8: Suicides

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Chart 1: Rail Passenger Injury Rates

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*Jan 2015 On-Board Rate includes January 12th Incident

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Safety Report Moving Metro Forward Safely

Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority

Safety and Security Committee April 23, 2015

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• Brief the Committee on

1st quarter 2015 safety

progress and provide

update on fatigue risk

management system

Purpose

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Statistical Review Employee Injury Rate – per 100 Employees

JAN FEB MAR CYTD TARGET 8.29 6.58 6.94 7.28 <4.6

Injury Types CYTD

Slip/Trip/Fall 37%

Collision-Related

15%

Struck By/Against

12%

Exposure 11%

Stress 5%

Assault 4%

Lifting/ Lowering

4%

Pursuit/ Arrest

4%

Caught In/By 3%

Pushing/ Pulling

3%

Repetitive Motion

1% Shock/Burn

1%

*Jan 2015 EIR includes January 12th Incident

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Statistical Review Customer Injury Rate - per million trips

JAN FEB MAR CYTD TARGET 5.15 1.65 2.25 3.03 <1.8

Injury Types CYTD

Slip/Trip/Fall 48%

Smoke 30%

Collision- related

17%

Striking/ Struck by

4% Caught in/by

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*Jan 2015 CIR includes January 12th Incident Page 18 of 46

Corrective Action Plans

22

305

87

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35

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

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Closed OpenPage 19 of 46

Hazard Resolution Matrix of Open Corrective Action Plans

Frequency of Occurrence Hazard Categories

Catastrophic 1 Critical 2 Marginal 3 Negligible 4

A = Frequent 1A 2A 3A 4A

B = Probable 1B 2B 3B 4B

C = Occasional 1C 2C 3C 4C

D = Remote 1D 2D 3D 4D

E = Improbable 1E 2E 3E 4E

1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 3A 0 Unacceptable – Executive Leadership with Chief Safety Officer

1D, 2C, 2D, 3B, 3C 25 Undesirable - Executive Safety Committee decision required

1E, 2E, 3D, 3E, 4A, 4B 36 Acceptable with review by Executive Safety Committee

4C, 4D, 4E 22 Acceptable without review

0 0

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Update on Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS)

• FRMS integrated with existing safety programs

• Fundamental policies create FRM initiatives

• Continuous risk reduction based on data from individual FRMS initiatives

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Update on Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS)

• Policy & Plans - Refresh FRMS Policy & structure

• Education Training & Awareness - FRMS Intranet - Review percentage with current fatigue management

training

• Work-Based Mitigations - Quiet Room build-out & pilot

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Update on Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS)

• Hours of Work & Rest - Update Hours of Service Policy/Instruction

• Medical Certification & Sleep Disorders

- Establish relationship to FRMS

• Metrics & Tools

- FRMS Dashboard Expansion

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