Romeo GNAN-KOUASSIDiploma Holder EPFL / ETH

Pan-African Intergovernmental Agency

WSA Water and Sanitation for Africa)

Reseau des centres de Ressources

Burkina Faso, 26th January 2012

Achieving water and sanitation MDGs in many African

countries South of Sahara uncertain

Role of affordable, sustainable technologies recognised

Good range of innovative WASH technologies

National strategies focus on the conventional

No systems to validate new technologies and assess

real potential

No proven approaches to successfully introduce and go

to scale

Overall: More effective investment in new technologies

WASHTech-1: strengthen sector capacity to make effective

investments in new technologies by:

o Development of framework and process to assess a wide range

of new WASH technologies (TAF& process)

o Analysing approaches to introduction of innovations in

decentralised system, dissemination and scaling up for

sustainability

o Establishing required capacities in BF, GH, UG

WASHTech-2: Strategies for innovation and scaling up; and process

& time needed for successful uptake and sustainability

Technology Assessment Framework (TAF) and Process;

that is a simple system & criteria

◦ for evaluating technologies and their performance

◦ For identifying sustainability issues

◦ For analysing approaches to introduction, innovation,

diffusion and scaling up

Capacities in BF, GH and UG for independent

application of TAF and process

Strategies for innovation and scaling-up, and the

process and life-span for successful take-up and

sustainability

January 2012 4WASHTech

National level level WASH sector stakeholders =

government, NGOs, SMEs

District (decentralised level) WASH stakeholders with a

focus on local decision-makers, planners, practitioners

Interface between community and district level (includes

community leaders and potential users)

Focus on households, rural areas, and small towns, and

somehow low-income peri-urban areas

5WASHTech

Selection of innovative/new technologies to be

assessed by using set of criteria

• trans-disciplinary approaches;

• multiple use, environmental concerns, re-

cycling;

• SME development;

• affordability;

• novel financing and management mechanisms

6WASHTech

•Ghana: (i) Ghana Modified India Mark II Handpump (groundwater lifting) and (ii) Slow sand filtration (drinking water treatment)

•Uganda: (i) Urine diversion double vault latrine (UDDT EcoSan) and ferro-cement tank >6,000l (water storage)

•Burkina Faso: (i) VIP toilet and (ii) India Mark II hand pump (groundwater lifting)

Successful

•Ghana: (i) pour-flush latrine (conventional latrine) and (ii) rope pump (groundwater lifting)

•Uganda: tippy tap (hand washing device) and (ii) Canzee pump (groundwater lifting)

•Burkina Faso: (i) urine diversion latrine (EcoSan) and (ii) Rope pump (groundwater lifting)

Promising

•Ghana: Enviro Loo (EcoSan)

•Uganda: none (to be discussed)

•Burkina Faso: none (to be discussed)Failed

•Ghana: Biofil (ecosan waste handling/treatment)

•Uganda: iron removal pump plant (groundwater treatment)

• Burkina Faso: sand dams (riverbed water storage)

New opportunities

WASHTech 7

Learning together yes

With each of you.. To understand the

process of technolog introduction and

approval

Scenario 1: Formal processScenario 2: Informal process

Line ministry/ UNBS

Local

Gov’ts/

district

NGOs/

CBOs

Private

sector

Donor agencies

Government/

Line ministry

Private

sector

NGOs/

CBOs

Local

Gov’ts/

district

Donor

agencies

NGOs/ private

sector

Local Gov’ts

Private sector

Government/

Line ministry

Local gov’ts

10

Literature Review on

Assessment Framework

Draft TAF and GTI

Selection

of Technologies

for Testing TAF

Testing

Technology -Studies

Learning Alliances in three countries

Set up for TAF Development (Year 1)

KAP

Technology Uptake

- Investment model

- Marketing

- Roles and responsibilities

of actors

- Resources

Context /

Enabling Environment

- Physical

- Social

- Economic

- Legal

- Institutional

- Skills and capacities11

Technology

- Characteristics,

- Requirements

- Development process

ACTORS

Conceptual Framework

12

The TAF is a TOOL to

enable the user to obtain a consolidated picture of the applicability and

sustainability of a WASH technology in a specific context.

assess technologies, but also considers links and interdependencies

between technologies and investment models which are used to

introduce these technologies.

The GTI is a GUIDANCE document

for the design and monitoring of the technology introduction process

And defines roles and responsibilities of key actors in all phases of

process

Objectives of TAF and GTI

13

Overall Concept for TAF and GTI

Guidance for technology introduction, with defined tasks for actors per phase

Context

Technology

Key: DimensionsEcon = Economical and FinancialSoc = Social Env = EnvironmentalInst = Institutional, legal, organisationalKnow = Knowhow and skills Tech = Technological

SCREENING

Need and Applicability

Technical FunctionCharacteristicsPerformance

ASSESSMENT of technology potentialusing 18 indicators

Perspectiveof key actors

Use

r-Bu

yer

Oth

er In

stitu

tions

Dim

ensi

ons

Econ

Soc

Env

Inst

Know

Tech

GUIDANCE for TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION

For 3 investment models:

- Highly subsidized investments

- Market based model, no subsidies for investments (CAPEX) or O&M (OPEX)

- Intermediate model with some subsidies for CAPEX and OPEX

GTITAF

Prod

ucer

-Sup

plie

r

Investment Model

Time

Uptake

Actors

Inve

ntio

n

Tipp

ing

Poin

t

Upt

ake

+ O

&M

Tasks of Actors per Phase

Technology Introduction

S/H were positive about the formal process of technology

introduction and approval

MWE/UNBS LOCAL GOV’TS NGOs/ PS

Introduction - Testing/ piloting - scale up

Standardizing - uptake/ scale up

Other S/H were open to influence from external agencies;

donors, private sector, NGOs provided the influence is

channeled through gov’t.

A lesser No. of S/H preferred following an informal process to

avoid gov’t bureaucracy.

No detailed framework for technology

introduction, appraisal or review of existing

technologies.

No tool that is employed to ensure a harmonized

decision making process

There is need for a technology assessment

framework.

Need for CB in technology assessment