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COVERDESIGN by BETTY nLLIAl4S

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YOL.m

l a rd e r o f F i fi n el l alPubl isher

IBet ty J. Will iamslEdi tor

IClara J O M ar sh l I Ha ll y s ti re slPresident Bus. Manager

IRuth r tJ .8rypetrylSec ' y . -Trea s .

I A dv i so r y B o ar d l

T h e WA SP N EW S LE T TE R i s p u b -l i sh e d b i -m o nt b ly b y t h e Or d er o ~F i ~1 ne l la . ~ hi s o r g an i za t io n wa.f o rm e d p r i o r t o i na o ti v at i on o ft h e Wa me n 's A i rf o ro e S e rv i oeP i l ot p r o gr a m , D e oe m b er 2 0, 1 94 4.I t i s l e ga l ly i n oo r po r at e d u n de rt h e c o rp o ra t e s e al o f C a l i fo r ni a .T h is p u bl i ca t io n i s d e vo t ed p r i-m ar il y w it h t he a o t iv it ie s o f t heWa sp s a n d o t h er p e r t in e nt i n fo r -m a t i on : r ,- e g ar d i n g ' " , om e n i n a v i a -t ion '

A n n J o hn s onJ ud y S ap pB e tt y C l em e nt sM a rg a re t H e lb u rnM a rj o ri e L og a nM ar y B ur keD or o th y A s pe l lD or o th y K i el t yA nn L in co ln D en ni sB o nn i e E d mu n dsA nn B er ryM U ri e l L in d st r omE l iz ab e th M a cK e th a nR ut h Wo od sH a ze l R ai n esM ar y Wa t er s d e L ae t

R ut h S h af e rD or o th y S wa i nI re ne C ru mE va M ar ie P ed er se nB e tt y T h om p so nM a rg a re t P a ri s hM ik i A ll en C ar te rR ut h G r ov e sF lo re nc e ] mi g

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E d i to r i al O t fi c e3 63 3 L av e l l D r iv eL o s A n g el e s 4 1 , C al i t .

CONTBNTS

ARTICLE P A G I ISa f e t y Ou r Co nc e rn 2A i r P o we r L ea g ue < &Ne w Yor k C ha pt e r 5Ge n er a l A rn ol d ' s G i f t 9H i t le r - - De ad or Al iv e? 10W as hi n g t on C ha pt e r 25

Lo a A ng el es C ha pt e r 26Te xas Ch a pt e r 27Na t i on a l C on ve nt i on 28J u st B e tw ee n U s .29C on t es t E n t r y 32F em al e F l yi ng N a t' 1 G u ar d 34W A BP t i v i t i es 35Da n C up id ' . Log B oo k 37C o n g r e s s ot A m er i oa n Yem e n 3 6

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LBTSI4AKBSAFETYOURCONCERNGloria Heath 44-5

Safety 1n aviation mean8 more than sate tlying hab1ts. Aa WASPswe ea-tabUshed an excellent record, tlying 60 m11lion miles with only

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h id de n c ro ss b ra ce s ( An a pp ar en tl y h ar ml es s p an el w i t h n o h ar d s tr uc tu re s1 n v ie w, b ut w it h a d an ge ro us c on st ru ot io n ot braces behind the pane l ).

I t t he t ro nt . ea t ot t an de m c ra tt c ou ld p i vo t t or wa rd , t he r ea r s ea t o cc up an t c ou ld n ot e ve r s tr ik e i t, i n a n ti ci pa ti ng a c ra sh . I t s om e m et ho do f l oc ki ng t he w he el i n t he f ul l b ac k p os i t io n c ou ld b e t ou nd , o oo up an ts

w ou ld n ot b e t hr ow n a ga in st t he pa ne l. T he c ha nc e ot s ur n v al i s g re at ert he f ar th er b ac k t he a ir pl an e s ea ~s a re f ro m t he n os e o f t he s hi p.

M an uf ac tu re rs a re n o w o ri gi na ti ng m or e n ew d es ig ns f or p l ea su re c ra ttt ha n e ve r b et or e a nd s ee m t o b e r es po nd in g t o d e .i re s o t future customers .I n t he l ig ht ot Mr. DeHaven ' s t e st imony. muoh c r it i ci sm ot theee mode ls canb e v o ic ed i n t he i nt er es t o f s a fe ty. W hi le a ff or di ng - gr ee n h ou se - v is io n,p us he r t yp e p ro pe ll er s p us h t he c ab in s t o t he v er y f ro n t o f t he s hi p- t he ,w or st p la ce t o b e i n c as e ot c ra sh ~ P EO PL E A RE G OI NG T O C ON TI NU E T O C RA CKU P A IR PL AN ES . H ow m an y c an w e s av e by r ai si ng o ur v oi ce s t or p ro vi de ntdesign~

We. a ll k no w w e m us t b e v ig il an t i n o u r f ly in g. H ow m uc h m or e s o wh ena s i ns tr uc to rs w e h el p t o fo rm t he h ab it s o f o th er s. A d is re sp ec tt ul o ru ni nf or me d p il ot i s a b ui lt -i n- ha za rd i n a n y a i rp la ne . F or t ho se w ho m ayb e i ns tr uc ti ng i t w o ul d b e w el l t o n ot e t he p re do mi na nc e o f s pi n s ta lla cc id en ts a nd b e a le rt t o va ri OU S m ea ns o f pr ev en ti ng t he m. A s ta ll w ar n-i ng i nd ic at or a pp ro ve d b y t he C . A .A . h as b ee n d ev el op ed b y D r. r ,e on ar dG re en e w ho w il l s oo n be p ro du ci ng t he m i n q ua nt it y. T he se a re a mu st f ore ve ry a ir pl an e t o re du ce t he t ol l o f a v ic iO US k il le r. Tax i a cc id en ts , b e-l ie ve i t o r no t, s ta nd h ig h i n t he y ea rl y l 1s t. T he c au se s a re o tt en" hi dd en - a nd d o no t a lw ay s i mp ly c ar el es s p il ot in g. " A pl an e w as t ax in gon t he ra mp of a f iel d an d h it a l ar ge st ick . T he s ti ck w as c au gh t b y t hep ro pe ll er a nd t hr ow n a g ai ns t t he w in g, - i nJ ur in g n o o ne , y et i nf li ct in gd am ag e o n t he a ir pl an e. M an y o f t he se s o- ca ll ed " mi no r- a cc id en t 5 c a n m ou ntu p t o a g en er al p r ej ud ic e a ga in st f ly in g a nd a p oo r o pi ni on o f f ly in g s af et y.

Avi at io n o rg an iz at io ns h av e b e e n t ry in g t o o om ba t t hi s p re ju di ce t orm an y y ea rs . T he N at io na l A er on au ti cs A ss oc ia ti on , A ir S af et y D iv is io n, h asl au nc he d a ne w c am pa ig n. T hr ou gh a n Ad vi so ry C ou nc il m ad e u p o f l ar gen at io na l o rg an iz at io ns s uc h a 8 t h e C .A .A . C .A .B . N at io na l S af et y C o un ci l,United P i lo t s, and Ueohanics Assoc ia t ion , Ai rp lane Owners and P i lo t s Assoo ia -t io n, A ir cr af t I nd us tr ie s A ss oo ia ti on , e to ., i t h a s s et u p s ta nd ar ds to r g oo d o pe ra ti ng p ra ot ic es a t a i rp or ts . A n a wa rd w il l b e g iv en a t t h e en dot t he y ea r t o t ho se a ir po rt s m ee ti ng t he mi ni mu m r eq ui re me nt . t or s af eo pe ra ti on . J ud gi ng c om mi tt ee s w il l b e f or me d a t t he s ta te l ev el (b y m e m be rgroups ot the Advisory Counoil appo int ing s t ate r epresen ta t ives) . Here ' sa n o pp or tu ni ty f or u s t o d o s om et hi ng c on cr et e a nd i mm ed ia te i n t he i nt er es to f s af et y. T he se 8 ta t~ c om mi tt ee s w il l n ee d h el p i n j ud gi ng t he ai rp or ts

a nd i n s po t c h ec ki ng t he j ud ge s a lr ea dy a pp oi nt ed . T ho se ot y ou w ho w ou ldl ik e t o wo rk w it h t he N. A. A. o n t hi s pr oj ec t m ay o ff er y ou r s er vi ce s t o t heD ir ec to r o f Avi at io n 1 n y o ur o wn s ta te . H e w il l k no w b ee t w he re y ou r s e rv ic esc an b e u se d t o t he b es t a dv an ta ge .

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You r e ff or ts i n a ll a sp ec ts o f s af e ty a nd a vi a ti on a r e s er i ou s ly n e ed -e d. You r e ff ec ti ve ne ss a s a pr om ot er o f s af et y w il l b e a p e rs on al f ac to r.I f y ou e ve r f ee l t he ne ed o f a n i n ce nt iv e a sk y ou rs el f " Wh y s ho ul dn 't . em ak e s af e ty o ur c on c er n ~.

Footnotes:

1 . J es se W. La nk fo rd , D ir ec to r, S af et y B ur ea u, C .A .B ., " Ce rt ai nC om m en t s o n C o ck p it s. , p g .2 .

2 . N at i on a l R es e ar c h C ou n ci l , D i vi s io n o f Medica l Sc iences,C O mI niU ee o n Avi a ti o n M e di o in e, T he R el a ti o ns hi p of Injuriest o S tr uc tu re i n S ur vi va bl e A ir cr af t A cc id en b" R ep or t N o. 4 40 ,

pg. 42.

I A I R P O WE R L E AG UEI

T he A ir P ow er L ea gu e i 8 c on du ot in g a o am pa ig n t or t he U n if io at io n of t he A rm ed F or oe s. P re si de nt T ru ma n s ay s, " I ur ge t hi s a s t he be st m ea ns o f k ee pi ng t he pe ac e. " G en er al M ac Ar th ur s ay s, " In Un it y w 111 l i e m il it ar ys tr en gt h. " G en er al B is en ho we r s ay s, " Le st w e l os e t he P ea ce w e h av e s o d e ar -ly bough t . "

R em .m be r t ho se . 0r ds L et .s d o s om et hi ng 1 n r et ur n. " H er e' s a o ha no ef o r t h os e of y ou w ho se t hi nk in g i s 1 n l in e w i t h t hi s p oi nt of view. In ap re vi ou s i ss ue . e pu bl is he d a o o py o f a l et te r . hi ch t he Ne w Yor k C ha pt ers en t t o t h ei r S en at or s a nd C o ng re ss me n r e: S ep ar at e C om ma nd f or t he A ir F or oe s.' f hi s i s c lo s el y a ll i ed , b u t m u ch m o re e n co mp a ss i ng .

I nf or ma ti on e n t h is p ro gr am , t he l eg is la ti on , i ts r es po ns ib il it ie s, a ndi ts b e ne fi ts i s a v ai la bl e a t t h e Ai r P o .e r L ea gu e, 3 50 F tf th Ave nu e, N ew Yor kC 1 t y, N . Y. T he y a re s en di ng t o a ll WAS P o ha pt er c ha ir me n a nd A .d vi so ry B oa rdm em be rs i nf or ma ti on r eg ar di ng t hi s p ro gr am a nd a Wom en ' B C lu b K i t . T he p ur -p OB e o f s en di ng t he se t o t he m i s t ha t i t i s f el t t he y w i ll b e a bl e t o co nt ac ta nd d is tr ib ut e t he se i nf or ma ti on k it s t o k ey o lu b . om en i n t he ir c om mu ni ti es .T he c ov er l et te r w il l e xp la in t he p ur po se a nd s co pe a nd a pp ro ac h of t h e p ro -gram.

H er e 1 s a n o p po rt un it y t o b e d ir ec tl y e ff ec ti ve i n a n a re a i n w hi oh y oua re k no wn . You r o on ta ct s a nd v o io e a re v a lu ab le a nd r es pe ct ed .

E di to r' s N ot e: T hi s i s n ot a n a ff il ia ti on . it h t he A ir P o. erL ea gu e b ut a p le a t o yo u t o in fo rm y ou rs el ve so n t hi s u r ge nt q ue st io n a nd t ak e A C TI ON .

S o y ou t hi nk y ou c an l oo p a n a ir p1 an e e ll t ry t hi s i n 1 92 4 M me .A dr ie nn e B ol la nd s et t he r eo or d w it h 2 12 o on se ou ti ve l oo ps .

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NEW YORK CHAPTER

T he N ew Yor k C ha pt er h el d i ts s ec on d m ee ti ng o n t he 2 6t h o t Januaryi n a p ri va te r oa n a t t he O ld B re w H ou se o n 5 4 th S tr ee t a nd 3 rd Ave nu e. F or lYn in e WASPs a tt ended, . i t h Mrs . Thu rm an Ban e, a s t he g uest ot honor.

A t l un ch P eg H el bu rn , C ha pt er C ha ir ma n. c al le d t he me et in g t o o rd er a ndG lo rt a Hea th , A ct ing Sec re ta ry -Treasurer, g ave o ut oha nges i n t he C ivi l A irR eg ul at io ns t o a ll p re se nt . C ha pt er d ue s o t $1.00 were co llected.

P eg t he n r ea d n ew s t ro m a bs en t a nd d is ta nt WAS Ps a nd t he n t ur ne d t he m ee t-i ng o ve r t o Gl or ia w ho c al le d p ar ti cu la r a tt en ti on t o a t ew o t the more impor-t an t oha nges i n C .A .R . shown in t he b oo kl et .

Clara Jo Karsh , Nationa l Chai rman, repor ted tor the commi t tee headed by~arga r. t Koo re t o invest igat e t he GI B il l and poss ib le i nc lu si on o t WASPs.T he com m1 t te e t ound t ha t a b i ll tor WASPs, s im1l1ar to l Ierchant l4arine andC .A ~P. b il ls i s ne it he r d es ir ab le n or l ik el y t o g et a ct io n a t t hi s t im e. T he

above two bi ll s have neve r gone b ey ond "ca nmit te e" a nd w il l p rObablY be d ro pp -ed due t o p re ssure o t nationa l and in ternat iona l matte rs in Congress .

Oec il y E lm es Bruokne r, who h eaded t he oommi tt ee t o obt ai n more i nfor ma-t ion on oo-eq ua l s ta tu s t o r t he A ir Foroe , r ep or te d t ha t muc h r emains t o b ed on e. Var io us b il ls h av e b ee n i nt ro du oe d, t he l at es t a nd b es t b ei ng H R 4 94 9,d at ed 11 D eo em be r 1 94 5, o n w hi ch l it tl e a ct io n h as b ee n t ak en d ue t o t n e p re sso t o ther l eg is la ti on betor e Congres s. She u rg ed membe rs t o wr it e i nd iv idua lle tte rs to thei r Sena tors and Representa t ives.

L ib Gar dn er, who made an i n to rmal nat io na l s tudy ot WASPs needing addi t ion-a l med ical o ar e r epor ted t ha t Mozel le S im pson , who had a r a th er s er ious acc i-

d en t i n a BT-1 3, h as a v e ry b ad ly s oa rr ed t ac e r eq ui ri ng p la st ic s urge ry. L ibr eq uest ed sug gest ions t rom" the f loor and i t wa s agreed t ha t a na ti onal appea lb e m ad e. L ib w il l c on ti nu e t hi s pr oj eo t.

K athe ri ne Kup te rberg r equest ed a co un t o n g ir ls who w ere s er ious ly i n-t er es ted i n f ly in g cargo and t re ight i n o ase an a ir li ne cou ld b e t orme d p ri -marily o t g ir ls . A l is t WaS t ak en w it h n a me s, a dd re ss es , t yp e o f l ic en se ,and ! l igh t exper ience tor this purpose.

Peg Par is h r equest ed i ntorma l d isouss io n o f t he mer it s ot various 4-p la ce p la ne s f or c ha rt er w or k, s in ce s he i s a nx io us t o b uy o ne a nd s ta rtw or k o n h er 01lIl.

Nancy B aker was g1ven t he f loor t o d i sc us s t he poss ib1l1 t y ot a looa lg roup forming a c lub and buy ing a new s ur pl us PT-26 , w hich i s ava il ab le nowt or 3 ,5 00 .0 0 w it h t ul l i ns tr um en ts . T he re w as m uo h e nt hu si as m a nd N an cya gr ee d t o m ak e a q ui ck s tu dy o t where i t m ight be kep t, s to rage cha rges ,app ro xima te c os t per hou r, and t he o r ig inal i nv es tmen t r eq ui red. Peg H elbu rni s t o a s semb le names ot girls wi t hin r ea ch o f New Yor lc who o ou ld m ake p ro -t i tab le use o t such a c lub.

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Ruth Shafer took the floor to ask if a gift to Kiss Coohran had ever beenpresented. Individual gifts fran groups and stations have been made, but agift from the entire organization has never been made. Ruth i8 to sound outgeneral feeling over the oountry and make a report soon as possible.

Via letter. Pat Houran o f Ashburn. Mas8. has suggested that, as an affil-iate, and to introduoe new groups, girls who had been instruoted by WASPsbeallowed and enoouraged to work with us sooially, al though not taken into 'thebusiness transactions. The name 1JISPs was suggested this seemed a good ideaand generally accepted. Peg will vi te to Pat asking her to organize the group.The Girl Scout Wing in Long Island, who started to u.e the name, F1tinella,might be included in tbis category.

Mrs. ThurmanBane, aother of Suzanne, a fellow WASP,then spoke brienyon her interest in seeing womenkeep the place they have made in aviation.Since childhood she had wanted to fly and she encouraged her oousin. two bro-thers, and her husband to Join the air servioes in the first 'forld 'far. Atthe start o t this one, she was proud to have her daughter serve as a pilot.She offered her servioes to help in any pos.ible way and Clara Jo enthusiasti-cally acoepted this offer,specifically to find out more f o r us about the Women'.In ternational Bxposi tion, wbether they oould further our interests. and in whatway we ooul d be usetu1 to them.

The last action was the elrction Of the offioers. The nominating oommitteenamed Peg aelburn, Lib Gardner, .Dorothy Swain and Cecil Bruckner for Chairman.Cecily could not accept as sbe is moving to Chioago by the first o f May. Peghelburn was elected. Maggie Grant, Gloria Heath., and Sylvia Miller were namedfor Seoretary_Treasurer. Gloria oould not aooept as her work keeps her toobusy and too far alield to carry out the Job as she would like. Sy!via waselected. Gloria was then appointed Public Relations Officer and will as.i.tgenerally on committees, and with.. reports on activities on whioh the 'f"SPsmight help.

A brief meeting o f the offioers was held at 405 Park Avenue to turn overthe fUes and oo-ordinate aotivi ties Wltll they could et again.

The third aeeting was held on Karoh the 9th at the Old Brew Hou.e withColonel Howard Angus, Executive Vice-President of the Air Power League all theguest o f honor. Thirty 'fj$ps attended.

Peg Helburn, Chatman. called the meeting to order and suggested that asindividuals or a group .e should aid the National Aeronautics Association'.safety prograa and also help wi'th the national air marking proJeot in our own-oommuni ties.

Gloria Heath, Public Relations Officer, suggested that the 'fASP. II1p"help the Girl Scout prograJI bye.corting groups 10 airport. and "-)"'leaoh1nggirl scout leaders courses in aviation. Name. were taken ot tho.e interestedin the N.w York area.

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C la ra J o l Ia rs h. N at io na l C ha ir ma n, m ad e a r ep or t o n t he o om mi t te e' .f in di ng s 1 I1 th r eg ar d t o t h e W O ll en 's I nt er na ti on al E xp os it io n. T he N e w Yor kC ha pt er i s w or ki ng 111t h t he I nt er na ti on al B xp oa i t io n i n t he p r es en ta ti on o fa bo ot h. a n A ir S ar et y p ro je ct . d es ig ne d t o i nc re as e t he a ir -m in de dn es s o ft he a ve ra ge A me ri ca n w Ol le n. O ur p re se nt a: ti on o f t hi s t yp e o f e du oa ti on al .m at er ia l i . a d ef tn i t e 0011 t ri bu ti on t o t h e d e cr ea se o f l ay p re ju di ce a ga in st

w om en p il ot a n d c on se qu en t b ac ki ng o f w om en i n a vi at io n.

T he O rd er o f F i t in el la 11111 w or k 1 I1 th t he 9 9s a nd a ll i nt er es te d w om enp il ot s o n t hi s pr oj ec t. T hi s i 8 t h e b eg in ni ng o f t he p ro gr am p la nn ed t o cu l-m in at e a n I nt er na ti on al C on gr es s o f Wom en P il ot s f or t he n ex t y ea r. T hi sC on gr es s m ay b e m o r e e ff ec ti ve a s a c on tr ib ut io n t ow ar d w or ld u nd er st an di ngi t i t o a n b e c oo rd in at e t hr ou gh t he C o ng re ss o f A me ri ca n Wom en .

N an oy B ake r m ad e a r ep or t o n t he pu rc ha se o f a PT-2 6. O ne c ou ld ' be' bo ug ht f or $ 35 00 .0 0. w hi ch w as t ho ug ht t o 'b e r at he r h ig h, s o a s ug ge st io n o fa P T- 19 . i ni ti al c os t o f $ 15 00 .0 0 i s ' be in g c on si de re d. T he re i s a ls o a p o ss i-b il it y o f g e tt in g a n AT- 6 f or $ 15 00 .0 0. J oa n G ou gh 11111 i nv es ti ga te a nd d e-t er mi na te i f o pe ra ti ng o os t o f a 6 c an b e c ut . T hi rt y s ix m em be rs i n a nda ro un d N ew Yor k c ou ld t or m a c lu b a nd f ly a t e it he r B en di x o r Ro os ev e1 t F i el ds .

G ad ge t G ag do w. le 1 r ep or te d o n a G l id er C lu b t ha t i . b ei ng f or me d 1 .1 1 Conne-t ic ut . N am es ot g ir ls w ho w er e i nt er es bd w er e t ak en .

B et ty Wil li am s, N ew sl et te r E di to r. w as o n e ot o ur s pe ci al gu es t. . S hee xp re ss ed h er p le as ur e a t b ei ng a bl e t o m ee t p er so na ll y a ll t he g i rl s t ro m- th is a re a w ho m s he h ad k no wn o nl y t hr ou gh c or re sp on de no e.

J ea n L a nd ma n p re se nt ed a t iv e p oi nt p ro gr am t ha t h er o om mi tt ee . w it h t heaid ot IIrs. Scott ot t he Wom en 's I nt er na ti on al E xp os it io n. h ad s ug ge st ed a 8a g ui de t o g iv e t he O rd er ot F it in el la a d et in it e p ~o gr am . T he y r ea d a s t ol lo :

1 . To t os te r, b y r el at io ns 1 I1 th w om en p il ot s a t Allied na tions ,i nt er na ti on al g oo d w i ll i n o r de r t o a oh 1. ve a l as ti ng p ea ce .( A s ug ge .t ed . lo ga n to r t hi s i s , l Fi gh t h ar de r t o ke ep ~ he

p ea oe t ha n w e d id t o wi n t he w ar . l )

2 . El im in at io n o f d i so ri mi na ti on a ga in st w om en . Wom en p il ot sin part icular o t c ou rs e. b ut w om en p il ot s n o m at te r w ha trace . re lig ion . o r nat iona li ty.

3 . To p r om ot e A ir S af et y o n n a ti on al a nd i nt er na ti on al s ca le

To s ti mu la te a nd w el co me o th er w om en 's i n t ar.5 t i n f ly in g.G ir l S co ut s ( Wi ng S co ut s) . t he n on -s ec ta r1 an F ri en dl y S o-c ie ty, M o th er s ' Cl ub s, e to ., s ho ul d n ot b e o ve rl oo ke d i nst imulat ing interest .

5 . To p a rt ic ip at e i n a vi at io n t o t he f u ll es t e xt en t p os si bl ea nd t o fu rt he r t hi s p ar ti ci pa ti on a s r a p id ly a s c O l ls is te nt lypossible.

( Co n t in ue d o n n ex t p ag e)

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This p rogram would have to be approved nat iona lly and the Exeou tiveO ff io er s p re se nt a re g oi ng t o t a ke a ot io n o n t hi s.

Colonel Howard W. Angus, guest speaker f rom the Air Power League , spoket o t el l w ha t t he A ir P ow er L ea gu e w as ; i ts a im s a nd p ol io ie s; i ts n ee d f orwomen in the o rgan izat ion . The Colonel s ta ted ~~a t the League 's weaknessesw er e t ha t i t h ad n o w om en , n o l ab or l ea de rs , a nd n o e du oa to rs t hu s f a r. H e

f el t t ha t t he WAS Ps o ou ld f il l t hi s f i rs t g ap b y b eo om in g a ff il ia te d w it h i ti n t he s am e f as hi on t ha t t he A ir F or oe A ss oo ia ti on i s n ow a ff il ia te d w it h i t.H e w en t o n t o t e ll o f v a ri ou s p la ns t he A ir P ow er L ea gu e h as f or t he c om in gy ea r a nd a ls o g av e s om e o f t he n am es o f o u ts ta nd in g b us in es s a nd a vi at io npersonal it ie s who a re aot ive members o f the o rgan izat ion .

Mr. Leyson , the Uni fioa tion Pub lio Re la tions Counselor, then spokeb ri ef ly o n w h at w om en p il ot s o ou ld d o t o he lp w it h t he u ni fi oa ti on o f t hea rmed foroes p lan. Sugges tions were made and pamphle ts with a ll informationwere oiroulated.

J ob R eg is tr y F or ms w er e g iv en o ut f or t he o h ap te r m em be rs t o f i ll o ut .

T hi s i s b ei ng d on s s o t ha t 1 00 al J ob s t ha t ma y p re se nt t he ms el ve s t o t h ea tt en tion o f the Secretary o r Chai rman , may be f il led more quick ly.

N ex t m ee ti ng w as p ro po se d f or t he 2 0t h o f A pr il a nd a m ee ti ng o om mi tt eeWas s et u p t o h an dl e i t. ....

; ; .

N OT IC E TO A L L WAS PS W HO WAN T TO C O ME TO NE W Y OR K C HA PT ER M EE TI NG S

O ur m ai li ng l is ts c an n o t k ee p u p w it h y ou r t ra ve ls .E ve ry on e t ry a nd o or ra 1 a ll t ho se y o u k no w w ho m i gh tb e i n Ne w Yor k a nd C Om e t o t he A pr il 2 0t h m ee ti ng a t

the Old Brew House , 54th S tree t and 3 rd Avenue 13 00

D O Y OU K NO W ?

1 . W ha t w om an w as n am ed C hi ef o f A ir S er vi oe b y N a po le on ?2 . W ho w as t he f ir st w om an t o ma ke p ar ao hu te j um ps ?3 . W ho w as t he f ir st w om an t o pi lo t a p ow er ed a ir cr af t s ol o?4 . W he re w as t he f i rs t a ir po rt i n U ni te d S ta te s?5 . W ho w as t he f i rs t w om an t o o bt ai n a p i lo t' s l ic en se a nd

i n w h at y ea r w as i t i ss ue d?6 . W h o w as t he f ir st w om an i n A m er io a t o r ec ei ve a p i lo t' s

l io en se a nd i n w h at y ea r w as i t i ss ue d?7 . W ho w as t he f ir st n ig ht f ly in g w om an s ky w ri te r?8 . W ha t w om en w er e t he f ir st t o t ra in w ar f li er s 1 n t he ir

sohoo1 in Texas?9 . Who was the f i r st p ro fess ional woman paraohu ti st in U .S .?

1 0. W ho w as t he f ir st w om an m em be r o f t he C a te rp il la r C lu b?( An sw er s 1 -5 p ag e 2 8- -6 -1 0 o n p ag e 3 4)

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A t t he r ig ht i s a p h ot oo f t he C L OC K, w hi ch w ea re g oi ng t o pr es en t t oG en er al A rn ol d. A s ar es ul t o f t he m an y s ug -g es ti on s f ro m WA SP, a nda g ra ci ou s n ot e f ro mM rs . A rn ol d ( wh en w ew ro te a sk in g w ha t h ewould va lue most ) th i sc lo ck w as d ed g ne d b ythe Commit tee in coopera -t ion wi th the Car ti e rJewelers.

I t i s c us to m b uH t Complete ly hand wrought ,i n s te rl in g s il ve r, w it ha s at in f in ish . A du llg ol d b a nd e nc ir ol es t hef ac e. Th e t in y WAS Pw in gs a re p e rf ec tl y d e-s ig ne d i n s il ve r. T hef iv e S .a rs o f t he G en -er al o f th e Ar my ar e i n

g ol d. T he nu me ra ls a re ph os ph or es ce nt , a ndt he m ec ha ni sm i s s et w i t h a s ma ll s ap ph ir e.gravingl

t he d oo r a t t he b ac k, o pe ni ng t oA t t he ba se i s t he f ol lo wi ng e n-

G EN ER AL O F T HE A R M Y H EN RY H . A RN OL Dfrom

WOMENS AIRFORCE SERVICE PILOTS1946

T he a la ck i s s et J ew el -l ik e i n a w hi te s at in q ui lt ed l in ed l ea th er b ox . Wem ay b e p ro ud o f t he g if t s el ec te d i n r e co gn it io n o f o ur e st ee m f or t he m anw ho w aS o ur C om ma nd in g O ff ic er a nd o ur p a rt ic ul ar c ha mp io n.

I t h as b e en p la nn ed t o m ak e f or ma l p re se nt at io n o f t hi s t ri bu te a t a d in ne rg iv en b y M is s J ac qu el in e C oc hr an a s D ir ec to r o f t he WA SP p ro gr am .

We w i ll b e p le as ed t o p ub li sh a l is t o t a l l cont r ibu tions . and wish to t aket hi s o pp or tu nl t y t o t ha nk a ll w ho s en t t he ir s s o p ro mp tl y. I T I S U RG EN TT HA .TA LL WAS PS W HO W IS H TO C O NT RI BU TE A ND H AV E N EG LE CT ED TO D O S O D O I T AT ON CE. Se nd t o Cla ra M ar ah , 270 W. 11t h S t. , N ew Yor k, N .Y. A pt . 5 E.

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( C on ti nu ed o n n e xt p ag e )

T HE TR IP T O B ER LIN : Hi tl er ha d s en t a t ele gr am to M uni ch o n t he 2 4t h o fA pr il t o Li eu te na nt G en er al R it te r v on G re im , i ns tr uc ti ng h im t o r ep or t t o t h eR ei ch sc ha nc el lo ry o n a h ig hl y u rg en t m at te r. T he p ro bl em o f g e tt in g i nt o B er li nw as t he n a l re ad y a p re ca ri ou s o ne , a s t he R us si an s h ad p r a ct ic al ly e nc ir cl ed t hec it y. G re im h ow ev er, d ec id ed t ha t by a va il in g h im se lf o f H an na R ei ts c~ a s p il ott he e nt ra nc e m ig ht b e a c co mp li sh ed b y m ea ns o f a n a u to gi ro , w hi ch c ou ld l an d o n

t he s tr ee ts o r i n t he g ar de ns o f t he R ei ch sc ha nc el lo ry.D ur in g t he n ig ht o f t he 2 5t h t o t h e 2 6t h o f A pr il , R ei ts ch a nd G re im a rr iv ed

a t R ec hl in , p re pa re d i mm ed ia te ly t o f ly i nt o B er li n. A s h ow ev er , t he o nl y a va il -a bl e a ut og ir o h ad b ee n d ar rA ge d t ha t d a y, i t w a s d ec id ed t ha t a F el dw eb el p il ot ,w ho h ad t ak en A lb er t S pe er t o t he F ue hr er t wo d ay s b ef or e, s ho ul d f ly G re im i nb ec au se o f t he e xp er ie nc e t he p re vi ou s f li gh t h ad g iv en h im . S om e s en se o f r e-s po ns ib il it y t o G r ei m, a s h i s p e rs on al p il ot a nd f ri en d, m ad e R ei ts ch b eg t o bet ak en a lo ng . A F oc ke -Wul f 1 90 w as t o be u s ed , w hi ch h ad a p ig -a ~b ac k s pa ce f oro ne p as se ng er a rr an ge d b eh in d t he p il ot 's s ea t. R ei t ec h w a s s tu ff ed i nt o t het ai l t hr ou gh a s ma ll e me rg en cy o pe ni ng .

F or ty f ig ht er s w er e t ak en t o f ly c ov er. A lm os t i mm ed ia te ly u po n t ak e- of f

t he y w er e e n~ ag ed b y R us si an a ir cr af t. A r un ni ng , h ed ge -h op pi ng f li gh t g ott he m t o t he G at ow a ir fi el d, t he o nl y B er li n f ie ld s ti ll i n G er ma n h an ds . T he iro wn c ra ft g ot t hr ou gh w it h n ot hi ng m or e t ha n a f ew w in g s ho ts b ut t he c os t w ash ea vy t o t he s up ~o rt in g f ig ht er s.

T he l an di ng a t G at ow w as m ad e t hr ou gh f ur th er h ea vy a tt ac ks b y R us si anf ig ht er s w ho w er e s tr af in g t he f ie ld w he n t he y a r ri ve d. W ha t w as l ef t o f t heG er w. an p la ne s e ng ag ed t he R us si an s w hi le t he G re im c ra ft m ad e a s uc ce ss fu ll an di ng . I mm ed ia te ly a tt em pt s w er e m a de t o p ho ne t he C ha nc el lo ry b ut a s a llt he l in es w er e o ut , i t w as d ec id ed t o f ly a n a v ai la bl e F ie sl er -S to rc h f or t her e~ in in g d is ta nc e a nd l a nd w it hi n w al ki ng d is ta nc e o f Hi tl er 's s he lt er. Wit hG re im a t t he c on tr ol s a nd R ei ts ch a s p as se ng er , t he p l an e t oo k o ff u nd er a

w hi rl in g c ov er o f G e rm an -R us si an d og -f ig ht s. A t a h ei gh t o f a f ew m et er s G re imm an ag ed t o g e t a wa y f ro m t he F ie ld a nd c on ti nu e a t t re e- to p l ev el t ow ar d t heBrandenburger Tor.

S tr ee t f ig ht in g w as g oi ng o n b e lo w t he m a nd c ou nt le ss R us si an a ir cr af tw er e. in t he a ir . A ft er a f ew m in ut es o f f li gh t, h ea vy f ir e t or e o u t t he b ot to mo f t he p l an e a nd s ev er el y i nj ur ed G re im 's l eg . B y r ea ch in g o ve r h i s s ho ul de rsR ei ts ch t oo k c on tr ol o f t h e c ra ft a nd b y d od gi ng a nd s qu ir mi ng c lo se ly a lo ngt he g ro un d, b ro ug ht t he p la ne d ow n o n t he E a st -Wes t a xi s. H ea vy R us si ana rt il le ry a nd s ma ll a rm f ir e w as s he et in g t he a re a w it h s hr ap ne l a s t he y l a nd ed .A p a ss in g v eh ic le w as c om ma nd ee re d t o t a ke t he m t o H it le r' s s he lt er, w it h G re imr ec ei vi ng f ir st a id f or h is s ha tt er ed f oo t o n t he WRY.

A RR IVAL AT H IT LE R' S S HE LT ER : G re im a nd R ei ts ch a rr iv ed i n t h e bu nk er b e-tw ee n 6 a nd 7 o' cl oc k on t he e ve ni ng of t he 26 th of A pr il . F ir st t o me et t he mw as F ra u G oe bb el s, w ho f el l u p on R ei ts ch w it h t ea rs a nd k is se s, e xp re ss in g h era st on is hm en t t ha t a n yo ne s ti ll p os se ss ed t he c ou ra ge a nd l oy al ty t o c om e t o t h eF ue hr er , i n s ta rk c on tr as t t o a ll t ho se w ho h ad d es er te d h im . G re im w as i mm ed -i at el y t ak en t o t he o pe ra ti ng r oo m w he re H it le r' s p hy si ca n t en de d t he i nj ur edfoot.

I i

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H it le r c am e i nt o t he s ic k r oo m, a cc or di ng t o R ei ts ch , w it h h i s f ac e s ho w-i ng d e ep g ra ti tu de o ve r G r ei m' s c om in g. H e r em ar ke d s om et hi ng t o t he e ff ec tt ha t e ve n a s ol di er h as t he r ig ht t o di so be y a n o r de r w he n e ve ry th in g i nd ic at est ha t t o c ar ry i t o u t w ou ld b e f ut il e a nd h op el es s. G re i~ t he n r ep or te d h is p re -s e nc e i n t he o ff ic ia l m a nn er.

H IT LE R' S D EN UN CI AT IO N O F G OE RI NG : H it le r: " Do yo u k no w w h y I ha ve c al le dy ou ?" G re in :: I IN o, m ei n B U eh re r. 1I H it l er : I IB e ca us e H e rm an n G eo ri ng h as b et ra y -e d a nd d es er te d b ot h m e a nd . h is F at he rl an d. B eh in d m y b ac k h e h as e st a. bl is he da c on ne ct io n w it h t he e n em y. H is a ct io n w as a m ar k o f c ow ar di ce . A nd a ga in stm y o rd er s h e h as g on e t o s av e h im se lf a t Be rc ht es ga de n. F ro m t he re h e s en t m ea d i sr es pe ct fu l t el eg ra m. H e s ai d t ha t I ha d o nc e n am ed h im a s m y s uc ce ss ora nd t ha t n ow, a s I w as n o l on ge r a bl e t o r ul e f ro m B er li n h e w as p re pa re d t or ul e f ro m B er ch te sg ad en i n m y pl ac e. H e c lo se s t he w ir e b y s ta ti ng t ha t i f h eh ad n o a ns we r f ro m m e b y n in e- th ir ty o n t he d at e o f t h e w ir e h e w ou ld a ss um em y a ns we r t o b e i n t he a ff ir ma ti ve . 1I

T he s ce ne R ei ts ch d e sc ri be s a s " to uc h in gl y d ra ma t ic ll , t ha t t he re w e re t ea rsi n t he F u eh re r' s e ye s a s h e t ol d t he m o f G o er in g' s t re ac he ry, t r~ t h is h ea d s ag ge d

t ha t h is f ac e w as d ec 9. th l yp al l id , a nd t ha t t h e u n co nt ro ll ed s ha k in g o f h is h an dsm ad e t he m es sa ge f lu tt er w il dl y a s he h an de d i t t o G re im . T he F ue hr er 's f ac e r e-m ai ne d d ea th ly e ar ne st a s G re im r ea d. T he n e ve ry m us cl e i n i t b eg an t o t w it cha nd h is b re at h c am e i n e xp lo si ve p uf fs ; o nl y w it h e ff or t d id h e g ai n s uf fi ci en tc on tr ol t o a c tu al l y s ho ut : II An u l t i rr : a. tum!!A c rass u1 t ima tum~! Now no th ingr em ai ns . N ot hi ng i s s pa re d m e . N o a ll eg ia nc es a re k e pt , n o ' ho no r' li ve d u pt o, n o d is ap po in tm en ts t ha t I h av e n ot h ad , n o b et ra ya ls t ha t I ha ve n ot e x-p er ie nc ed , a nd n ow t hi s a bo ve a ll e ls e. N ot hi ng r em ai ns . E ve ry w ro ng h as a l-read .y been done me . II A s R ei t sc h e xp la in s i t, t he s ce ne w as i n t he t yp ic al! le t tu B ru te " m an ne r, f ul l o f r em or se a nd s el f pi ty. I t wa s l o ng b ef or e h ec ou ld g at he r s uf fi ci en t c on tr ol t o c on ti nu e. Wit h e ye s h ar d a nd h al f- cl os eda nd i n a v oi ce u nu su al ly l ow h e w e nt o n: " I im me di at el y h ad G oe ri ng a rr es te d a s

a . t ra i t or t o t he R ei ch , t oo k f ro m h im a ll h is o ff ic es , a nd r em ov ed h in :.f ro m ~ lo rg an iz at io ns . T ha t i s wh y I ha ve c al le d y ou t o me . I he re by d ec le .r e y ouG oe ri ng 's s uc ce ss or a s O b er be fe hl sh ab er d er L uf tw af fe . I n t he n am e o f t he G er ma np eo pl e I g iv e y ou m y h a nd ."

T O D I E F OR T HE " HO l- fO RI IOF THE LU?l"~lAFFE:Gre im and Re i t sch were deeplys tu nn ed w it h t he n ew s o f G oe ri ng 's b et ra ya l. A s w i th o ne m in d t he y b ot h g ra sp edH it le r' s h an ds a nd b eg ge d t o be a ll ow ed t o r e ma in i n t h e bu nk er , a nd w it h t he iro wn l iv es a to ne f or t he g re at w ro ng t ha t G o er in g h ad p er pe tr at ed a ga in st t heF ue hr er , a ga in st t he G er ma n p eo pl e, a nd a ga in st t he L uf tw af fe i t se lf . To s av et he " ho no r" o f t he f ly er s w ho h ad d ie d, t o r e es ta bl is h t he " ho no r" o f t he L u ft -w af fe t ha t G oe ri ng h ad d es tr oy ed , a nd t o g ua ra nt ee t he " ho no r" o f t he ir l an di n t h e e ye s o f t he w or ld , t he y b eg ge d t o r em ai n. H it le r a gr ee d t o al l o f t h isa nd t ol d t he m t he y m ig ht s ta y, a nd t ol d t h em t oo , t ha t t he ir d ec is io n w ou ldl on g b e r e me mb er ed i n t he h is to ry o f t he L uf tw af fe . I t h ad b ee n p r ev io us lya rr an ge d w it h o pe ra ti on s a t R ec hl in t ha t a n a i rc ra ft w as t o c om e i n t h e n e xtd ay t o t ak e G re im a nd R ei ts ch o ut o f Be rl in . N ow t ha t t h ey h ad d ec id ed t os ta y i t w a s i n: po Bs ib le to g e t t he i nf or ma ti on o ut . R ec hl in , i n t h e m e an ti mew as s en di ng p la ne a ft er p la ne , e ac h s ho t d o~ ~ i n t ur n b y t he R us si an s. F in al lyo n t he 2 7t h a J U 5 2, l oa de d w it h 5 5 g ua rd s a nd a mm un it io n, m an ag ed t o l an d o nt he E as t- We st t ra ff ic a xi s, b ut R ei ts ch a nd G re im h ad i nt en de d t o s ta y, s o i tw as s en t b ac k e mp ty. ( Th e o rd er c as hi er in g G oe ri ng w as r el ea se d f ro m t he u nd er -g ro un d h ea dq ua rt er s s om et im e o n t he 2 3r d o f A pr il )

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HITLER SEES THE CAUSE AS LOST: Lat er t ha t f ir st . evening H it le r c al ledR ei ts ch t o h im i n h is r oo m. S he r em em be rs t ha t h is f ac e w as d ee pl y l in edan d t r~ t th er e w a6 a c on st an t f il m o f mo is tu re i n hi s e ye s. I n a veI7 smal lvoi ce he s aid, IIHanna. ,you belong to t hose who wi ll d ie w ith me . Each o f u sh al :.a v ia l o f p o i s on s uc h a s t hi s. " H e h an de d h er o ne f or h er se lf a nd o nef or G re im . I IId o n o t w is h t ha t o ne o f us f al ls t o t he R us si na s a li ve , n or

d o I w is h o ur b od ie s t o be f ou nd b y t he m. E ac h p er so n i s r es po ns ib le f ord es tr oy in g h is b od y s o t h at n o th in g r ec og ni za bl e r em ai ns . E va a nd I w il l h av eo ur b o di es b ur ne d. You w il l d ev is e y ou r o wn m et ho d. Wil l y o u pl ea se i nf or mvon Greim?"

Rei t sch s ank t o a cha ir i n t ea .r s, not , she c la ims, ove r t he cer te .i nty o fhe r O'lJn e nd b u t b ec au se f or t he f ir st t im e s he k ne w t ha t t he F ue hr er s aw t hec au se a s l os t. T hr ou gh t he s ob s s he s ai d, I IM ei n Fu eh re r, w hy d o y ou s ta y? W hydo you dep rive Germar.y o f you r l if e? When the news was r el ee .s ed t ha t you " '!Qu ldremain i n Be rl in t o t he l a st , t he peop le were amazed w ith hor ro r. 'The Fuehrermus t l i va so t ha t German~ ' c an l ive I , t he peop le s aid. . Save you rsel f, MeinFuehrer, t ha .t i s t he w il l o f eve ry German. 1I

" No , H an na , i f I d ie i t i s f or t he ' ho no r' o f o ur c ou nt ry, i t i s b ec au sea s a s ol di er I mu st o be y m y o w n c om ma nd t ha t I w o ul d d ef en d B er li n t o t he l a st .My d ea r g ir l, I d i d n ot i nt en d i t s o. I b el ie ve d f ir ml y t ha t B er li n w ou ld b es av ed a t t he b an ks o f t he O de r. E ve ry th in g w e h ad . w as m ov ed t o h ol d t ha t p os i-t io n. You m ay b el ie ve t ha t w he n o ur b es t e ff or ts f ai le d, I wa s t he m o st h or ro rs tr uc k o f a ll . T he n w he n t he e nc ir cl em en t o f t he c it y b eg an t he k no wl ed ge t ha tt he re were t hr ee mil li on o f my count ry -men s ti ll i n Be rl in made i t necessaryt ha t I s ta y t o d ef en d t he m. B y s ta yi ng I be li ev ed t ha t a ll t he t ro op s i n t hel an d wo ul d t ak e e xa mp le t hr ou gh my a ct an d co me t o t he re sc ue o f th e c it y. Ihoped t ha t t hey wou ld . r is e t o super-hwnan e ffor ts t o s ave me and t he reby s a~emy thr ee mil li on count ry -men . But , m ~ r H a. nn a, I s ti ll h av e h op e. T he a rm yo f G e ne ra l Wen ck i s mo vi ng u p f r om t he S ou th . H e m us t a n d w il l d ri ve t he

R us si an s b ac k l on g e no uf ~ t o s av e o ur p e op le . T he n w e w il l f al l b a ck t o ho ldagain. II

I t appea .red a lmost as i f he be lieved th is h imself and as the conversa tionc lo sed he was walking about t he room with qui ck , s tu rr il ll ing s t rides , h i s handc la sped beh ind h im a .nd h i shead bobbing up and down a s he \ o, alked. A lthoughh is .., ords spoke o f hope , Hanna c la ims t ha .t h i s f ace showed tha t t he War was ove r.

Hanna r eturned t o Greim' s bedside , handed h im the poi son, and t hen dec idedwith h im , should t he end r ea ll y come, t ha t t hey wou ld qui ck ly d rink t he con tent so f t he v ia .l and . t hen each pul l t he p in f rom a heavy g renade and hold i t t ight lyto thei r bodies.

L at e i n t he n ig ht o f 2 6t h t o 2 7 th o f A pr il t he f ir st h ea ~J b ar ra ge b ra ck -e ted t he Chance llory. The spl at te ri ng o f heavy she ll s and t he c ra sh ing o ffa ll ing build ings d i rec tly above the ai r-ra id shel ter t igh tened the nervouss tr ain o f eve ryone so t hat he re and t he re deep sobbing came through the doo rs .Hanna spent t he n ight t ending Gre im , who was i n g reat pain, and i n get ti ngg renades r ea .dy i n t he event t ha t t he Russi ans should ent er t he Chancel lo rygrounds before morning .

( C on ti nu ed o n ne xt p ag e )

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H IT LE R' S G UE ST S I N T HE S HE LT ER : T he n e xt m or ni ng s he w as i nt ro du ce d t ot he o th er o cc up an ts a nd l ea rn ed f or t he f i rs t t im e t he i de nt it y o f a ll t ho sew ho w er e f ac in g t he e nd w i th t he F ue hr er . P re se nt i n t he e la bo ra te s he lt ero n t he 2 7t h of A pr il we re Go ebb els a nd h is w if e wi th t he ir s ix c hi ldr en; S ta tes ec re ta ry, N ea ma n; H it le r' s r ig ht h an d, R ei ch sl ei te r Y ~r ti n B or ma nn l H ev elf ro m R i bb on tr op 's o ff ic e; A dm ir al Vos z a s r ep re se nt at iv e f ro m D oe ni tz ; G en er al

K re bs o f t he i nf an tr y a nd h i s a dj ut an t B ou rg do rf ; H it le r' s p er so na l p il ct ,H an se l B au er ; a no th er p il ot B ae tz ; E va B ra un ; S S O be rg ru pp en fu eh re r F eg el ei na s l ia so n b et we en H im ml er a nd H it le r a nd h u sb an d o f Ev a B ra un 's s is te r. H it le r' sp er so na l P hy si ci an , D r. 5 tu mp fe ck er ; O be rs t v on B el ow, H it le r' s L uf tw af fe A d-j ut an t; D r. L o re nz r ep re se nt in g R ei ch sp re ss e c hi ef D r. D ie tr ic h f or t he G er ma np re ss ; t wo o f H it le r' s s ec re ta ri es , a Fr au C hr is ti an , w if e o f G en er al d erF li eg er C hr is ti an a nd a F r au le in K re ug er ; a nd v ar io us 5 5 o rd er li es a nd m es se ng -e rs . R ei ts ch c la im s t ha t t he se c om po se d t he e nt ir e a ss em bl ;r .

A r eg ul ar v is it or d ur in g t he l as t d ay s w as R ei ch sj ug en df ue hr er A xm an , w how as c om ma nd in g a H i tl er ju ge nd d iv is io n c om mi tt ed t o t he d ef en se o f t he c it y.F ro m A x ma n c am e c ur re nt i nf or ma ti on a s t o t he g ro un d s it ua ti on a ga in st t heR us si an s w hi ch w as w el l m ir ro re d b y t he i nc re si ng ly d es po nd en t m an ne r o f e ac hvis i t .

A NO TH ER B ET RAYA L: L at e i n t h e af te rn oo n o f t h e 2 7t h O be rg ru pp en fu eh re rF eg el ei nd il ap pe ar ed . S ho rt ly t he re af te r i t w as r ep or te d t ha t he h ad b ee nc ap tu re d o n t he o ut sk ir ts o f Be rl in d is gu is ed i n c iv il ia n c lo th es , c la im in g t ob e a r efu gee . Th e n ews o f his c ap tur e wa s i mm edi ate ly br oug ht t o H itl er w hoi ns ta nt ly o rd er ed h im s ho t. T he r es t o f t h e e ve ni ng F eg el ei n' s b et ra ya l w ei gh edh ea vi ly o n t he F ue hr er a nd i n c on ve rs at io n h e i nd ic at ed a h al f- wa y d ou bt a s t oH im ml er 's p os it io n, f ea ri ng t ha t F eg el ei n' s d es er ti on m ig ht h av e b e e n k no wn a nde ve n c on do ne d b y t he S 5 l ea de r.

O BS ERVATI ON S O F S HE LT ER O CC UPAN TS : R ei ts ch h ad l it tl e c on ta ct w it h m os to f t he p e op le i n t he s he lt er , b ei ng m os tl y o cc up ie d i n nu rs in g v on G re im , b uts he d id h av e o pp or tu ni ty t o s pe ak t o ma ny o f t he m a nd o bs er ve t he ir r ea ct io nsun der tr yin g c on dit ion s, s uch a s t hey w er e i n th e la st da ys i n t he bu nke r. I ti s b el ie ve d s he a tt em pt s t o r el at e h er o bs er va ti on s t ru th fu ll y a nd t ha t h err ea ct io ns a re h on es tl y c on ce iv ed . I t m us t b e r e me mb er ed t ha t pr io r t o h era rr iv al i n t he b un ke r R ei ts ch h ad b ut s ma ll c on ta ct w it h m os t o f t h es e i nd iv id -u al s a nd t ha t h e r p re vi ou s o pi ni on s r eg ar di ng t he m w er e a t a r at he r l ow l ev el .O f t he p eo pl e s he w as a bl e t o o bs er ve c lo se ly t he G oe bb el s f am il y p ro ba bl ys t an d s o u t.

D OC TO R G OE BB EL S: S he d e sc ri be s G oe bb el s a s be in g i ns an el y i nc en se d o ve rG oe ri ng 's t re ac he ry. H e s tr od e a bo ut h is s ma ll , l u xu ri ou s q ua rt er s l ik e a na ni ma l, m ut te ri ng v il e a c cu sa ti on s c on ce rn in g t he Lu ft wa ff e l ea de r a nd w h a t h eh ad d on e. T he p r ec ar io us m il it ar y s it ua ti on o f t he mo me nt w as G oe ri ng 's f au lt .~ ei r pr ese nt p li ght wa s G oe rin g's fa ult . S ho uld t he w ar b e l os t, a s i t c er tai n-l y n ow s ee me d i t ' ," ou ldb e, t ha t t oo w ou ld b e G oe ri ng 's f au lt . " Th at s wi ne ",G oe bb el s s ai d, Awh o h as a lw ay s s et h im se lf u p a s t he F ue hr er 's g re at es t s up po rtn ow d oes n ot ha ve th e c our age t o s ta nd b esi de hi m. A s i f t hat w er e n ot e nou gh,h e w an ts to r ep lac e t he F ue hre r h as h ea d o f t he St ate . H e, a n i noe ssa nt in -c om pe te nt , w ho h as d es tr oy ed h is F at he rl an d w it h h is m is ha nd li ng a nd s tu pi di ty,n ow wa nts t o lea d th e en tir e n at ion . By th is al one h e. p ro ves t ha t h e w as n eve rt ru ly on e o f UB, t ha t a t h ea rt h e w as a lw ay s w ea k a nd a t ra it or ."

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A ll t hi s a s ! la .n nas aw i t, w a. s i n t he b es t t he at ri ca l m an ne r, w it h m uc hw av in g o f h a nd s a nd f in e g es tu re s, m ad e e ve n m o re g ro te sq ue b y t he j er ky u p-a .n d- do wn h ob bl in g a s h e s tr od e a bo ut t he r oo 'm . W he n h e w as n' t r ai li ng a bo utG oe ri ng h e s po ke t o t he w or ld a bo ut t he e xa mp le t ho se i n t he b un ke r w er e s et ti ngf or h is to ry. A s o n a . pl at fo rm a nd g ri pp in g a ~ ha ir -b ~c k l ik e a r os tr um h e s ai d:" We a re t ea ch in g t he w or ld h ow m en d ie f or t he ir ' ho no r' . O ur d eB ,t hs s ha ll b e

a n e te rn al e xa mp le t o al l G e rm an s, t o a ll f ri en ds a nd e ne mi es a li ke . O ne d ayt he w ho le w or ld w il l a ck no wl ed ge t ha t w e d id r ig ht , t ha t w e s ou gh t t o pr ot ec tt he w or ld a ga in st b ol sh ev is m w it h o ur l iv es . O ne d ay i t w il l b e s et d o wn i nh is to ry o f a l l t im e. "

I t a p pe ar s t ha t G oe bb el s e xe rc is ed h is g re at es t a bi li ty t o t h e v er y l as t.T he r oo ms o f G oe bb el s a nd R ei ts ch a dj oi ne d e ac h o th er a nd d oo rs w er e u s u al lyo pe ne d. T hr ou gh t he m t he G oe bb el s o ra to ry w ou ld s ou nd o ut a t a ny h ou r o f t hed ay o r n ig ht. An d a lw ay s t he ta lk w as o f " ho nor ". o f " ho w to d ie ", o f " st an d-i ng t ru e t o t he F u. e~ re r t o t he l as t" , o f s et ti ng a .n e xa mp le t ha t w ou ld l on gb la ze a h oly th in g fr om t he p ag es o f h is to ry." O ne o f t he l as t t hi ng s Re it sc hr em em be rs h ea ri ng f ro m t he l i ps o f t h e pr op ag an da m as te r w as : " We s ha ll g o d ow nf or t he g l or y o f t he R ei ch s o t ha t t h e n am e o f G er ma ny w il l l iv e f or ev er." E ve nR ei ts ch w as m ov ed t o c on cl ud e t ha t t he G oe bb el s d is pl ay, i n s p it e o f t he t en se -n es s o f t h e s it ua ti on . w as a b it o ve rd ra wn a nd o ut a nd o ut t he at ri ca l. S he c la im s1 n h e r o p1 ni on G oe bb el s, t he n a s h e a lw ay s h ad , p er fo rm ed a s i f he w er e s pe ak -i ng t o a l e gi on o f h is to ri an s w ho w er e a vi dl y a wa it in g a nd r ec or di ng e ve ry w or d.S he a dd s t ha t h e r d ub io us o pi ni on s r eg ar di ng G oe bb el s' m an ne ri sm s, h is s up er -f ic ia li ty, a nd s tu di ed o ra to ry. w er e w el l s ub st an ti at ed b y t h es e o u tb ur st s. S hec la im s t oo , t ha t a ft er l is te ni ng t o t he se t ir ad es s he a n d v on G re im o ft en a sk ede ac h o th er, w it h a s ad , h ea d- sh ak in g a tt it ud e. " Ar e t he se t he p e op le w ho r ul edour country?"

F RA U G OE BB EL S: R ei ts ch d es cr ib es h er a s a v e ry b ra ve w om an , w ho se c on tr ol ,w hi ch w as a t m os t t im es s tr on g, d id b re ak d ow n n ow a nd t he n t o pi ti fu l s pa sm so f w e ep in g. H er m ai n c on ce rn w as h er c hi ld re n a nd i n t he ir p re se nc e h er m an ne rw as a lw ay s d el ig ht fu l a nd c he er y. M uc h o f h er d ay w as o cc up ie d i n ke ep in g t he irc lo th es c le an a nd t id y, a nd a s t he y h ad o nl y t he c lo th es t he y w or e t hi s k ep tF ra u G oe bb el s r at he r b us y. O ft en s he w ou ld q ui ck ly r et ir e t o h er r oo m t o hi det he t ea rs . I t ap pe ar s f ro m H an na 's d es cr ip ti on t ha t F r au G oe bb el s p ro ba bl y r e-p resented the ep i tome of Naz i indoc tr ina t ion .

I f t he T hi rd R ei ch c ou ld n ot l iv e s he p re fe rr ed t o d ie w it h i t. n or w ou lds he a ll ow h er c hi ld re n t o o ut li ve i t. I n re co gn it io n o f t he e xa mp le s he e m-b od ie d o f t ru e G er ma n w om an -h oo d, H it le r. i n t he p r es en ce o f a ll o c c up an tso f t he b u nk er, p re se nt ed h er w it h h i s p er so na l g ol de n p ar ty i ns ig ni a. " A st au nc hp il le r o f t he ' ho no r' u po n w hi ch N at io na l S oc ia li sm w as b ui lt a nd t he G er ma n

F at he rl an d f ou nd ed ", w as h is a pp ro xi ma te r em ar k a s h e p i nn ed i t on h er d re ss .

F ra u G oe bb el s o ft en t ha nk ed G od t ha t s he w a. s a li ve s o t ha t s he c o ul d k il lh er c hi ld re n t o s av e t he m f ro m w ha te ve r " ev il " w o u ld f ol lo w t he c ol la ns e. ToR ei ts ch s he s ai d. "J .i yd ea r H an na . w he n t he e nd c om es y ou m us t h el p m e i f I b ec om ewe ak ab ou t t he c hi ld re n. Yo u m ust he lp me t o he lp t he m o ut of t his l if e. T he yb el on g t o t he T hi rd R ei ch a nd t o t he F ue hr er a nd i f t ho se t wo t hi ng s c ea se t oe xis t t he re ca n b e n o f ur th er pl ac e f or t he m. Bu t yo u m us t h el p m e. My g re at -e st f ea r i s t hat wh en th e t im e c om es I wi ll be t oo we ak ." I t i s Han na 's be li efth at in t he l as t m om en t s he wa s n ot' we ak. (C on ti nu ed o n nex t pa ge )

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Conclus ions can be s af ely d rawn f rom Hanna 's r emarks t ha t F rau Goebbel swas s imply one o f t he mos t convinced sub ject s o f her husba .nds r an ti ngs, t he mos tp ronounced example o f t he Naz i i nf luence ove r t he women o f Germany.

T HE G OE BB EL S C HI LD RE N: T he G oe bb el s c hi ld re n n wn be re d s ix . T he ir n am esand approximate ages 1"ere : Hela ,12; l i ilda. , ll ;Helmut,9 ; Holde ,? ; Hedda ,5 ; and

H ei de ,3 . ~ ne y w er e t he o n e b ri gh t s pa rk o f r el ie f i n t he s ta rk , d e2 th s ha do we dl if e o f t he b ~ ~k er. R ei ts ch t au gh t t h~ m s on gs w hi ch t he y s an g f o r t he F ue hr era nd f or t he i nj ur ed v on G re i: n. T he ir t al k w as f ul l o f b ei ng i n t he " ca ve " w it hthe ir "Uncle Fuehrer ", and i n spi te o f t he f ac t t ha t t he re were bombs out sid. e,nothing cou ld r ea ll y harm them as l ong AS t hey were ' dit h h im . And anyway "UncleFuehrer " had s aid tM. t soon t he soldi er s wou ld come a .~dd rive t he Russi ansa \ 'l ayand then tomorrC\1 t ! ley could a l l go back to p lay in thei r garden. Every-one i n t he bunke r ent er ed i nto ma.king t he t ime a s p l ea sant a s "Coss ib le for t hem.Frau Goebbels repea .tedly than~

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M ARTI N B OR MA NN : B or ma nn m ov ed a bo ut v er y l it tl e, k ep t i ns te ad v er y c lo set o hi s w ri ti ng d es k. H e w as r ec or di ng t he " mo me nt ou s e ve nt s i n t he b un ke r f orposter i ty, II E ve ry w or d, e ve ry a ct io n w en t d ow n o n h is p ap er . O ft en h e w o ul dv is it t hi s p e rs on o r t ha t p er so n t o s co w1 in gl y d em an d w ha t t he e xa ct r em ar Kh ad b ee n t ha t p as se d b et we en t he F ue hr er a nd t he p er so n h e h a d j us t h a d a ud ie nc ew it h. T hi ne s t ha t p as se d b et we en o th er o cc up an ts o f t he b un ke r w er e a ls o c a re -f ul ly r ec or de d. T hi s d oc tu ne nt w as t o be s pi ri te d o ut o f t h e b un ke r a t t he v e ryl as t m om en t s o t ha t, a cc or di ng t o t he m od es t B or ma nn , i t c ou ld " t ak e i ts p la cea mo ng t he g r ea te st c ha pt e rs o f G er m an h is to r y. "

A DO LF H IT LE R: T hr ou gh ou t H an na 's s ta y in t he b u nk er H it le r' s m an ne r a ndp hy si ca l c on di ti on s un k t o a lo we r a nd l ow er d ep th . A t f ir st h e s ee me d t o b ep la yi ng t he p ro pe r p ar t o f l ea di ng t he d ef en se o f G er ma ny a nd B e rl in . A nd a tf ir st t hi s w as i n s om e m a nn er p os si bl e a s c o mm un ic at io ns w er e s ti ll q ui te r e-l ia bl e. M ea sa ge s w er e t el ep ho ne d t o a f la k t ow er a nd f ro mt he re w er e r ad io edo ut b y m ea ns o f a p or t ab le , b al lo on -s u sp en de d a e ri al . : Bu t e a. c h d ay t hi s w a. sm or e a nd m or e d if fi cu lt u nt il l at e o n t he a ft er no on o f t he 2 8t h a nd a ll d ayo n t he 2 9t h c om mu ni ca ti on s w er e a l mo st i mp os si bl e. O n a bo ut t he 2 0t h o f Ap ri l,

a t w ha t w as p ro ba bl y t he l a st H it le r w ar -c ou nc il i n t h e R ei ch sc ha nc el lo ry, t heF ue hr er i s s a id t o h av e b ee n s o ov er co me b y t he p er si st en tl y h op el es s n ew s t ha th e c om pl et el y b ro ke d ow n i n t he p re se nc e o f al l t he g at he ri ng . T he t al k i n t heb un ke r, w he re H an na h ea rd o f t he c ol la ps e, w as t ha t w i th t hi s d is pl ay e ve n t h em os t o pt im is ti c o f H i t Ie r' s c oh or ts t en de d t ow ar d t he c on vi ct io n t ha t t he Wa rw as i rr et ri ev ab ly l os t. A cc or di ng t o R ei ts ch , H it le r n ev er p hy si ca ll y n orm en ta ll y r ec ov er e d f ro m t hi s c o n fe re nc e r o om c ol la p se .

O cc as io na ll y h e s ti ll s ee me d t o ho ld t o t h e h op e o f G en er al Wen ck 'ss uc ce ss i n br ea ki ng t hr ou gh f ro m t he S ou th . H e t al ke d o f l it tl e e ls e, a nda ll d ay o n t he 2 8t h a nd t he 2 9t h h e w as m en ta ll y p la nn in g t he t ac ti cs t ha tWen ck m ig ht u se i n f re ei ng B er li n. H e w ou ld s tr id e a bo ut t he s he lt er , w av in g

a r oa d m ap t ha t w a s f as t d is in te gr at in g f ro m t he s we at o f h is h an ds a nd p l an n-i ng Wen ck 's c am pa ig n w it h a ny on e w ho h ap pe ne d t o l is te n. W he n h e b ec am e o ve rl ye xc it ed h e w ou ld s na tc h t he m a p f ro m w he re i t l ay, p ac e w it h a q u ic k, n er vo uss tr id e a bo ut t he r oo m, a nd l ou dl y " di re ct " t he c it y' s d ef en se w it h a rm ie s t ha tn o l o n ge r e xi st ed (e,B e ve n Wen ck , u nk no wn t o t h e F ue hr er , h ad a lr ea dy b ee n r ou t-ed and dest royed).

R ei ts ch d es cr ib es i t a s a p at he ti c t hi ng , t he p ic tu re o f a m an 's c om pl et ed is in te g ra ti on . A c om ic -t ra g ed y o f f r us tr a ti on , f ut i li ty, a n d u se l es sn es s.T he p ic tu re o f a m an r un ni ng a lm os t b li nd ly f ro m w al l t o wa ll i n h is l as t r e-t re at w av in g p ap er s t ha t f l u tt er ed l ik e l ea ve s i n h is n er vo us , tw it ch in g h an d s,o r s it ti ng s to op ed a nd c ru mp le d b ef or e h is t ab le m ov in g b ut to ns t o r e pr es en th is n on -e xi st en t a rm ie s, b ac k a nd f or th o n a s we at s ta in ed m ap , l ik e a y ou ngb oy p la yi ng a t w ar.

T HE P OS SI BI LI TY T HAT H IT LE R S TI LL L IV ES : T he p o ss ib il it y t ha t Hi tl erm ig ht h av e g ot te n o ut o f t he b un ke r a li ve , R ei ts ch d is mi ss es a s c om pl et el ya bs ur d. S he i s c on vi nc ed t p~ t t he H i tl er s he l e ft i n t h e' s he lt er w as p hy si ca ll yu na bl e t o h av e g ot te n a wa y. " Ha d a pa th b ee n m ad e c le ar f or h im f ro m t h e bu n-k er t o f re ed om , h e w oU ld n ot h av e h ad t he s tr en gt h t o u se i t" , s he s ay s. S heb el ie ve s t oo , t ha t a t t he v er y e nd h e h a d n o i nt en ti on t o li ve , t ha t o nl y t heWen ck h op e s ta ye d h is h an d f ro m p u tt in g t he m a ss s ui ci de p la n i nt o o pe ra ti on .N ew s t ha t Wen ck c ou ld n ot g et t hr ou gh , s he f ee ls , w ou ld i w~ ed ia te ly h av e s eto ff t he w el l r eh ea rs ed p la ns o f d es tr uc ti on . ( C o nt in ue d o n n e xt p ag e)

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W he n c on fr on te d w it h t he r um or t ha t H i tl er m ig ht s ti ll b e a li ve i nTyr ol a nd t ha t h er o ~m f li gh t t o t h at a re a, a ft er s he l e ft t he b u nk er ,m ig ht b e m or e t ha n c oi nc id en ta l, s he a p pe ar s d ee pl y u ps et t ha t s uc h o pi ni on sa re e ve n e nt er ta in ed . S he s ay s o n ly, l IH it le r i s d ea d! T he m an t ha t I s a wi n t h e s he lt er c ou ld n ot h av e l iv ed . H e h ad n o r ea so n t o li ve a nd t he t ra g-e dy w as t ha t h e k ne w i t we ll , k ne w i t pe rh ap s b et te r t ha n a ny on e e ls e d id ."

H AN NA 'S O PI NI ON O F T H E F UE HR ER : I t i s a pp ar en t f ro m R ei ts ch 's c on ve r-s at io n t ha t s he h el d t he F ue hr er i n hi gh e st ee m. I t is p ro ba bl y a ls o t ru ew he n s he s ay s t ha t h er II g oo d" o pi n io n s uf fe r ed c on s id er ab ly d ur in g t he c lo s-i ng s ta ge s o f t he War. S he i s e m ph at ic w he n . sh e d es cr ib es t he a p pa re nt m is -m an ag em en t s he o bs er ve d a nd l ea rn ed o f i n t h e bu nk er. F or i ns ta nc e ! er li nh ad b ee n d ep le te d o f a r ms t o h ol d t he O d er. W he n t ha t l i ne f el l,~ lt a pp ea re dt ha t n o c oh er en t d ef en se p la n o f ! er li n h ad b ee n p r ep ar ed , c er ta in ly a de qu at ea rr an ge me nt s h ad n ot b ee n m ad e t o di re ct t he d e fe ns e f ro m t he b un ke r. T he rew as n o o th er c om mu ni ca ti on e qu ip me nt a va il ab le t ha n t he t el ep ho ne t ha t l edo nl y t o t h e f la k t ow er . I t a~ pe ~r s t ha t o nl y i n t he l as t m om en t h ad h e d e -c id ed t o d ir ec t t he b at tl e f ro m t he s he lt er a nd t he n d id n ot h av e t he f ir stt oo ls w it h w hi ch t o o pe ra te . N o m ap s, n o ba tt le p la ns , a nd n o ra di o. O nl ya h a st i ly p re pa re d m e ss en ~e r s er vi ce a nd t he o ne t e le ph on e w e re a v ai la bl e.T he f ac t t ha t u n kn ow n t o Hi tl er , t he We nc k a rm y h ad b ee n d es tr oy ed a lm os td ay s b ef or e w as o nl y o n e e xa mp le o f t h e i n ad eq ua ci es . A ll o f w hi ch r es ul te di n t he F Ue hr er o f G er ma ny s it ti ng h el pl es sl y i n h is c el la r i mp ot en tl y p la yi nga t h i s t ab le -t op w ar.

R ei ts ch c la im s t r~ t H it le r t he i de al is t d ie d, a nd h ie c ou nt ry w it h h im ,b ec au se o f t he i nc om pe te nc e o f. H it le r t he s ol di er a nd H it le r t he s ta te sm an .S he c on cl ud es , s ti ll w it h a f ai nt t ou ch o f a l le gi an ce , t ha t n o o ne t ha t k ne wh im c ou ld d en y h is i de al is ti ca ll y m ot iv at ed i nt en pi on s n or c ou ld t he y d en yt ha t h e w as s in ~l y i nf in it el y i nc om pe te nt t o r ul e h is c ou nt ry, t ha t o ne o fh ie g re at f au lt s w as p r op er c ha ra ct er a na ly si s i n t he p eo pl e a bo ut h im w hi ch

l ed t o t he s el ec ti on o f ~ er so ns e qu al ly i nc om pe te nt t o f i ll i mp or ta nt p os i-t ions . ( Mos t impor ta.n t example: Goer ing > .

S he r ep ea te dl y r em ar ks t ha t n ev er a ga in m us t s uc h a p er so n b e a ll ow edt o g a in c on tr ol o f G e rm an y o r a n y c ou nt ry. B ut s tr an ge ly e no ug h s he d oe s n ota pp ea r t o ho ld h im p er so na ll y r es po ns ib le f or m an y o f t he w ro ng s a nd e vi lst ha t s he r ec og ni ze s c om pl et el y a nd i s q ui ck t o p oi nt o ut . S he s ay r at he r," A g re at p ar t o f t he f au lt l ie s w it h t ho se w ho l ed h im , l ur ed h im , c ri mi na ll ym is dt re ct ed h im , a nd i nf or me d h im f al se ly. B ut t ha t he , h i ms el f s el ec te dt he m en w ho l ed h im c an n ev er b e f or gi ve n. 1 I

A C RI MI NA L A GA IN ST T HE W O RL D: " Hi tl er e nd ed h i s l i fe a c ri mi na l a ga in st

the world II, b ut s he q ui ck ly a dd s, t lh e di d n ot s ta rt i t t ha t w ay. A t f ir sth is t ho ug ht s w er e o f h ow t o m ak e G er ma ny h ea lt hy a ga in , h ow t o g iv e h isp eo pl e a l i f e f re e f ro m e c on om ic i ns u ff ic ie nc e s. an d s o ci al m a la dj us tm e nt s.To d o t hi s h e g am bl ed m uc h, w it h a s ta ke t ha t n o m an h as t he , ri gh t t o j eo -p ar di ze -- th e l iv es , of h is p eo pl e. T hi s w as t he f ir st g re at w ro ng , h is f ir stg re at f ai lu re . B ut o nc e t he f ir st f ew r is ks h ad b ee n s uc ce ss fu l, h e f el li nt o t he f au lt s o f e ve ry g am bl er ; h e r is ke d' m or e a nd m or e, a nd e ac h t im et ha t h e w on , h e w as m or e e as il y l ed t o t h e n e xt g am bl e. " A cc or di ng t o R ei ts ch ,i t a ll b ~g an w it h t he o c cu pa ti on o f H uh r. T hi s w as t he f ir st a nd m os t d if fi -c ul t g am bl e o f a ll a nd w he n t he w or ld d id n ot a ns we r h is .R uh r b lu ff w it h w are ve ry s uc ce e di ng r is k b e ca me p ro gr es s iv el y e as ie r.

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B ac h s uc oe ss m ad e t he e nt hu si as m o f t he p e op le g re at er a nd t hi s l !> av e himt he n e ce ss ar y s up po rt 1 0 t ak e t he ne xt s te p. T he e nd r es ul t, R ei ta oh c la im .,w a. t ha t H it le r h im se lf u nd er we nt a c ha ra ct er c ha ng e t ha t t ra ns fo rm ed h im f ro ma n i de al is ti ca ll y m ot iv at ed b en ef ac to r t o a g ra sp in g, s oh em in g d es po t. a v i ct imo f h is o wn d el us io ns o f g ra nd eu r. - Ne ve r a ga in -, s he c on cl Ud es , - in t he hi s-t or y o f t he w or ld m us t s uc h p o we r b e a ll ow ed t o r es t w i th o ne m an .-

S UI CI DE < X> UN CI L: O n t he n i gh t o f t he 2 7t h t o 2 8t h t he R u ss ia n b oa ba rd -m en t o f t he C h an ce ll or y r ea ch ed t he h i gh es t p it ch i t ha d y et a tt ai ne .. T hea cc ur ac y, t o t ho se i n t he s h el te r b el ow, w as a st ou nd in g. I t s ee me d a s i fe ac h s he ll l an de d i n e x ac tl y t he s am e s po t a s t he o n e b ef or e, a ll d ea d- ce nt ero n t he C h an oe ll or y b ui ld in gs . A s i n d ic at ed t ha t t h e R us si an g ro un d t ro op sc ou ld o ve r- ru n t he a re a a t a ny m om en t, a no th er s ui ci de . c ou nc il w as c al le d b yt he F ue hr er. 11 p la ns a s t o t h e d es tr uc ti on o f t he bo di es o f e ve ry on e i nt he s he lt er w er e g on e o ve r a ga in . T he d ec is io n w as t ha t a s s oo n a s t h e R us si an sr ea ch ed t he C ha nc el lo ry g ro un ds t he m a8 8 s ui ci de w ou ld b eg in . l .a st i ns tr uo ti on sw er e g iv en a s t o' t he u se o f t he p oi so n v ia ls . ( Re it so h s ti ll h as h er s i n he rp os se ss io n. I t w a s e xa mi ne d b y t he i n te rr og at or a nd f ou nd t o b e a l i tt le b ra ss

c ap su le w i t h a r em ov ab le t op , c on ta in in g a f ra gi le g la ss b ot tl e f il le d w i t h a b o uth al f a t ea sp on nt ul o f a mb er f lu id . T he b ot tl e w as t o b e b r ok en b et we en t ne t ee thand the liquid qu iok ly awal low.d) .

T he g ro up w as a s h yp no ti ze d w it h t he s ui ci de r eh ea rs al a nd a g en er al d is -c us si on w as e nt er ed i nt o t o d e te rm in ed i n w h ic h m an ne r t he mo st t ho ro ug h d es -t ru ct io n o f t he h u ma n b od y c ou ld b e p er fo rm ed . T he n e ve ry on e m ad e l it tl e s pe ec h-e s a ri ng a ll eg ia nc e a ga in a nd a g ai n t o t he F u eh re r a nd t o Ge rm an y. Yet ,t hr ou gh i t a ll , s t111 r an t he f ai nt h op e t ha t We nc k m ig ht g et i n a nd h ol d l on ge no ug h t o e ff ec t a n e va cu at io n. B ut e ve n o n t he 2 7t h, R ei t ac h 0 1a 1m s, l be o ' th er sp ai d l ip -s er vi ce t o t he We nc k h op e o nl y t o f ol lo w t he l e ad o f t he F u eh re r,A lm os t e ve ry on e h ad g iv en u p a ll t ho ug ht s o f b e in g s av ed , a nd s ai d s o t o e ac ho th er w he ne ve r H it le r w as n ot p re se nt . C lo si ng t he d is cu ss io ns o n t he d es tr uc ti on so f t he b od y t he re w as t al k t ha t S S m en w ou ld b e a ss ig ne d t o s ee t ha t t he re w er en o t ra ce s r em ai ni ng . T hr ou gh ou t t he d ay o f t he 2 8 th t he i nt en si ty o f t he R u i anf ir e c on ti nu ed w hi le t he s ui ci de t al k k ep t p a ce w it h t he s he ll in g i n t he s ne lt erbelow.

T HE H l MU LE R B ET RAYA L: T he ,n o n t he 2 9 th f el l t he g re at es t b lo w o f a l l. At el eg ra m a rr iv ed w hi ch i nd ic at ed t ha t t he s ta un ch a nd t ru st ed H im ml er h ad J oi n-e d G oe ri ng o n t he t ra it or l is t. I t w as l ik e a d e at h bl ow t o t he e n ti re a ss em bl y.M en a nd w om en a li ke c ri ed a nd s cr ea me d w 1t h r ag e, f ea r a nd d es pe ra ti on , a llm ix ed i nt o a n e mo ti on al s pa sm . H im ml er , t he p ro te ct or o f t he R ei ch , n ow a t ra it -o r w as i mp os si bl e. T he t el eg ra m m e ss ag e w as t ha t Hi mm le r h ad c on ta ct ed t heB ri ti sh a nd A me ri ca n a ut ho ri ti es th ro ug h S we de n t o pr op os e a o ap it ul at io n t o t h eS an F ra nc is co c on fe re nc e. H i t le r h ad r a ge d a s a m ad m an . H is c ol or r os e t o ah ea te d r ed a nd h is f ac e w as v ir tu al ly u nr ec og J1 iz ab le , dd i t io na l e vi de nc e o fH im ml er 's t re ac he ry w as t ha t h e h ad a sk ed n ot t o b e i de nt if ie d w it h t he c ap it ul a-t io n p ro po sa ls ; A me ri ca n a ut ho ri ti es w er e s ai d t o h av e a bi de d b y t hi s r eq ue stw hi le t he Br it is h d id n ot .

A tt er t he l e ng th y o ut b ur st H i t ie r s an k i nt o a s tu po r a nd f or a t im e t hee nt ir e b un ke r w as s il en t. ( Co nt in ue d o n n ex t p ag e)

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L at er c am e t he a n ti -c li ma ti c n ew s t ha t ' th eR us si an s w ou ld m ak e a t u l lt or ce b id t o o ve r- ru n t he C h an ce ll or y o n t he m or ni ng ot th e 30 th. E ve n t he ns ma ll -a rm f ir e w a s be gi nn in g t o s pr in kl e t he a r ea a bo ve t he s h el 1e r. G ro un dr ep or ts i nd ic at ed t ha t t he Ru .s ia ns w er e n ea ri ng t he P ot sd am er P l a 1z an d w er eloosing thousands ot m en a s t he y t a na ti ca ll y p re pa re d t he p o si ti on s t ro m w hi ohthe a t tack ot t he n e xt m or ni ng w as t o b e l au no he d.

R ei t sc h o la im s t ha t e ve ry on e a ga in l oo ke d t o t he ir p oi so n.

ORDERS ro L EAVE T HE S HE LT ER : A t o n e- th ir ty o n t he m or ni ng ot the 30 thot A pr il H it le r. w it h c ha lk -w hi te t ac e. c am e t o Gr ei m' s r oo m a nd s lu mp ed d omon - the edge ot th e b ed. " Ou r o nl y h ope i s We nok ", h e s ai d. " an d t o ma ke hi se nt ry p os si bl e w e m u st c al l u p e ve ry a va il ab le a ir cr at t t o c o ve r h is a pp ro ac h H it le r t he n c la im ed t ha t h e h a d j us t b ee n i nt or me d t ha t Wen ck 's g un s w e re a lr ea dyshel l ing the Russ ians in Po tsdamer P latz .

" Ev er y a va il ab le a ir cr at t" . H it le r s ai d. " mu st b e c al le d u p b y d ay li gh t.t he re to re i t i s m y o rd er t o y o u t o r et ur n t o R ec hl in a nd m us te r y ou r p la ne s tromthere. It i s the task ot y ou r a ir cr af t t o d e st ro y t he p os it io ns t ro m w hi ch t heR us si an s w 111 l a un ch t he ir a tt ac k o n t he C ha no el lo ry. Wit h L u tt wa tt e h el pWen ck m ay g et t hr ou gh . T ha t i s t he t ir st r ea so n w hy y ou m u st l ea ve t he s he lt er.T he s ec on d i s t ha t Hi mm le r m us t b e s to pp ed ., a nd i mm ed ia te ly h e m en ti on ed t he

.88 F ue hr er h is v oi ce b ec am e m or e u ns te ad y a nd b o t h h is l ip s a nd h an ds t re mb le d.T he o rd er t o G re im w al t ha t i t H i mm le r h ad a ct ua ll y m ad e t he r ep or te d c on ta cta nd c ou ld b e t ou nd . h e s ho ul d i mm ed ia te ly b e a rr es te d. " A t ra it or m us t n ev ers uc ce .d m e a l F ue hr er ~ You m us t g et o ut t o in su re t ha t h e w 1l l n ot ."

G re im a nd R e it sc hp ro te st ed v eh em en tl y t ha t t he at te mp t w ou ld b e t ut il e.t ha t i t w o ul d b e i mp os si bl e t o re ac h R eo hl in . t ha t t he y pr et er re d t o d i e i n t hes he lt er. t ha t t he m i ss io n c ou ld n ot s uc oe ed , t ha t i t w as i ns an e.

"As soldier l o t the Re ich", Hi tl e r answered . I i t i s o ur ho ly du ty to e x-h au st e ve ry p os si bi li ty. T hi s i s t he o n ly o ha no e ot s uc ce t ha t r e ma in s. I ti . y o ur d ut y a nd m i ne t o t ak e i t. "

H an na w as n ot c on vi nc ed ." No . n o" . s he s cr ea me d. " wh at c an b e a oc om pl is ne dn ow, e ve n i t w e s ho ul d g et t hr ou gh ? E ve ry th in g i 8 1 0l t, t o t ry t o c ha ng e it no wi s i n la ne ." B ut G re im t ho ug ht d it te re nt ly. " Ha nn a" th e s ai d w e a re t he o nl yh op e t or t ho se w h o r em ai n h er e. I t t he c ha nc e i 8 J us t t h e l IZ lI al le st . we Ow e itto them to take it . Not to go would rob them ot t he o nl y l ig ht t ha t r em ai ns .M ay be Wen ck i s t he re . M ay be We c an h el p, b ut w he th er w e c an o r c an no t, w e w il lgo.H

H an na , s ti ll c on vi nc ed a s t o t he a b su rd it y ot a tt em pt in g a n e sc ap e w en ta lo ne t o t h e r~ .h re r w hi le G re im w as m a ki ng h is p re pa ra ti on s. T hr ou gh h er s ob b-i ng s he be gg ed , " We in F ue hr er w hy, w hy d on 't y ou l et u s s ta y? " H e l oo ke d a th er t or a m om en t a nd s ai d o nl y: " Go d p ro te ct y ou ."

T HE L EAVE TAK IN G: P re pa ra ti on s w er e q ui ck ly m ad e a nd R ei t ec h i s g ra ph icin he r desc r ip t ion o t t he l ea ve t ak in g. B el ow, l at e G o er in g' s L ia so n o tf io er

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b y t he F ue hr er a nd n ow a s ta un ch G re im -m an s ai d You m us t g et o ut . I t d e -p en ds u po n y ou t o t el l t he t ru th t o ou r p eo pl e. t o s av e t he ' ho no r' ot theL ut tw at te . t o s av e t he m e an in g 01' G er ma ny t or t he w o rl d .. E ve ry on e g av e t hed ep ar ti ng d uo s om e t ok en , s om et hi ng t o t ak e b ao k i nt o t he w o rl d. E ve ry on e w ro teq ui o k , l a st m in ut e l et t er s t o r t he m t o t ak e a lo ng . R ei ts oh s ay s t ha t s he a ndG re im d es tr oy ed a ll b u t t wo l e tt er s w hi oh w er e t ro m G oe bb el s a nd h is w it e t ot he ir o ld es t s on , b y F ra u G oe bb el s t ir st m ar ri ag e, w ho w as t he n i n a n Al li edp ri so n c am p. T he se R ei t so h s ti ll h ad . F ra u G oe bb el s a ls o g av e h er a d ia mo ndr in e t ro m h er t in ge r t o we ar i n h e r m e mo ry.

T hi rt y m in ut es a tt er H it le r h ad g iv en t he o r de r t he y l e tt t he s he lt er.

T HB n ,I GH T O UT O F BE RL IN : O ut si de t he w ho le 0 1 ty w a s a tl am e a nd h ea vys ma ll -a rm t ir e w as a lr ea dy p la in ly a ud ib le a s h or t d i st an oe a wa y. S S t ro op .,o om mi t te d t o g ua rd in g H i t le r t o t he e nd , w er e m ov in g a bo ut . T he .e m en b ro ug htu p a S lI la lla rm or ed v eh ic le w hi ob w as t o t ak e R e i t ec h a nd G re im t o w h er e a n A r ad o9 6 w a s h id de n n ea r B ra nd en bu rg er Tor. T he s ky w as t il le d w it h t he t hu nd er ots he l ls , 8 0m e ot w hi oh l an de d s o o 1o se t ha t t he ir v eh io 1e w as k no ok ed o ut s ev er alh un dr ed J ar ds s ho r t 01' t he r e ve tm en t w he re t he Ar ad o w as s ta ti on ed . ( Re it so h

o la im s t ha t s h e i s o er ta in t ha t t hi s w as t he l as t o ra tt a va il ab le . T he p 0 8s ib il -i t y 01' a no th er p la ne h av in g g ot te n i n a nd p os si bl y o ut a ga in w i t h H i t le r a s p a ss -e ng er , s he d is mi ss es s a s h i gh ly u nl ik el y a s G re im w ou ld o er ta in ly h av e b e en i n-t or me d. S he k n ow s t ha t s uc h a me ss ag e w as n ev er d el iv er ed . S he k no ws . t oo ,t ha t G re im ' ha d o rd er ed o th er p la ne s i n b u t t h at e ac h o ra ft w as s ho t d ow n i n t hea tt em pt a nd a s R us si an t ro op s a lr ea dy s ol id ly r in ge d t he c it y, s he i s c er ta int ha t H i t le r n ev er l et t B er l in .)

T he b ro ad s tr ee t l ea di ng t ro m Br an de nb ur ge r Tor w as t o b e u se d t o r take-otf. About 400 meters ot u no ra te re d p av em en t w as a v ai la bl e a s r un -w ay. T het ak e- ot t w as m ad e u nd er h ai li ng R us si an t ir e a nd a s t he p la ne r os e t o r o ot -t opl ev el i t w as p ic ke d u p b y c ou nt le ss s ea rc hl ig ht s a nd a t o n oe b ra ck et ed i n a

barrageot

s he ll in g. E xp lo si on s t os se d t he o ra tt l ik e a f ea th er , b ut o nl y at ew s pl in te rs h it t he p la ne . R ei ts ch o ir o1 ed t o ab ou t 20,000 t ee t t ro m w he r eB er li n w as a s ea ot t la me s b en ea th h er. F ro m t ha t a lt it ud e t he ma gn it ud e 01' the destruot ion at B er li n s he d es or ib es a s s ta rk a nd f an ta st io . H ea di ng n or th ,50 m in ut es s aw t he m i n R e ch li n, w he re t he l a nd in g w aS a ga in m ad e t hr ou gh a s cr ee nat R us si an t ig ht e r c r af t.

T HE LA ST G ER MA N E FF ORTS : G re im a t o nc e i ss ue d t he o rd er s o al li ng a lla va il ab le c ra t' t t o t he a id o f Be rl in . H av in g p er to rm ed t he t ir st ot Hi t ler 'Bc om ma nd s h e i m me di at el y d ec id ed t o t ly t o P lo en , n ea r K ie l, t o d et er mi ne w ha ti nt or ma ti on D oe ni tz m ig ht h av e r eg ar di ng H im ml er. A B uc kn er ~81 w as u se d a ndb y t he , t im e t he y g ot i nt o t he a ir G er ma n a ir cr at t w er e a lr ea dy a rr iv in g i n c om -

p li an ce w it h G re im 's o rd er. T he e nt ir e h ea ve ns w er e s oo n a s e et hi ng m as sot

G er ma n a nd R us si an p la ne s. R ei t sc h k ep t h er o wn p la ne a t 1 a nd 2 m et er s a l 11-t ud e a nd e ve n w i th s uc h p ro te ct io n a ga in st v is ib il it y s he w a s t wi ce u ns uo ce 8S -t ul ly at ta ok ed . L an di ng a t L ub eo k s ti ll n e ce ss it at ed a n a ut om ob il e t ri p t o P lo en ,d ur in g w hi ch t im e t he y Wer e a ga in u nd er c on st an t R us si an t ir e. O n a r ri va lt h ey f o un d t h at D oe ni tz k ne w n ot hi n g ot H im ml er 's a ot io ns . T he n ex t mo ve w ast o s ee K ei te l i n t he e ve nt t ha t a c ha ng e i n a i r t ac ti ~B s ho ul d b e e mp lo ye d i nh el pi ng Wen ok i n h is e nt ry i nt o B e rl in .

( C on ti nu ed o n n e xt p a ge )

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T HE N O S O F W E NC K' S N ON -E XI ST EN CE : K ei te l w as t ou nd i ll t he e a rl y m o rn in got t he t ir s t ot M ay a nd g av e t he ne ws t ha t Wen ok '. a rm y h ad l on g b e en d es tr oy edo r ca pt ur ed . ~ d t ha t he (K ei te l) h ad a en t wo rd 'to H it le r t o t h a t e :f t .o t t hed ay b et or e. ( 30 th ot A pr il ) G re im a nd R ei t ao h n ow l en ew t ha t H i t le r m us t h av es ur el y g iv en u p a ll b op e a nd b ot h t ul ly e xp ec te d t ha t t he w el l r eh ea rs ed s ui oi dep la ns h ad a lr ea dy b ee n p ut l nt o e tf ec t.

T HE I nw " G OV ER NI lB NT I T he a dv an oa ot t he E n' gU sh n ec es si t a te d a r e tr ea ti nt o S ch le sw ig l at e o n t he t ir st o t U ay. H er e, t he s a me e ve ni ng , R ei ts ch a ndG r ei m l ea r ne d t ha t t he a n no un ce me n t ot H i t le r' s d ea th h ad b ee n m ad e k no wn a ndt ha t h e h ad b ee n s uc ce ed ed b y D oe n1 t z. O n t he 2 nd o t Ma y t he n ew B Ov er nm en tw as c al le d t o P lo en . G re im a nd Re it ac h, t o- re ce iv e o rd er s t ro m D oe ni tz a s t oi m me di at e L ut ~w at t e a ct iv i ti es , h ad t he a d di ti on al p u rp os e ot meeting Himmlera nd c on tr on Un g h im w i t h t h e be tr ay al s to ry.

HIMI4LBR'S OAPI'1'UL.lTIONB XP LM lATI ON : H im ml er a rr iv ed l at e 80 t ha t a ll t heo th er s w er e i n t he c o nt er en ce r oo m, l ea Vi ng R ei ts ch a lo ne w he n h e w a lk ed i n.

l On e m o me nt H e rr R ei ch st u eh re r, a m et te r o t t he h i gh e st i mp or ta n ce i i ty ou c an s pa re t he t im e? " R ei ts ch a sk ed .

H im ml er s ee me d a lm os t j oVia l a s h e s ai d. " o t course."

" Is i t t ru e, H er r R ei ch st ue hr er , t ha t y ou c on ta ot ed t he A ll ie s w it h p ro -p os al s o t p e ao e w it ho ut o rd er s t o d o s o t ro m H i tl er ?"

"But, o t course. 1

I Yo u b et ra ye d y ou r F u eh re r a nd y ou r p eo pl e i n t he v er y d ar ke st h ou r?S uc h a t hi ng i s h ig h t re as on , H er r R ei oh st ue hr er . You d id t ha t w he n y ou r p la ce

w as a ct ua ll y i n t h e b un ke r w i t h H i t l er ?"

" Hi gh t re as on ? N o~ You 'l l s ee , hi st or y w il l we ig h i t d it te re nt ly. H it le rw an te d t o co nt in ue t he ti gh t. H e w a. ma d w it h h is pr id e a nd h is ' ho no r' . H ew an te d t o s he d mo re G er ma n b lo od w he n t he re w as n on e l et t t o tl ow. H it le r w asi ns an e. I t a ho ul d h av e be en s to pp ed l on g a go ."

"Insane? I came tr om him les8 t han 3 6 h ours ag o. He di ed :for t he o a us eh . b el ie ve d i n. H e d ie d br av el y a nd t il le d w it h t he ' ho no r' y ou s pe ak o t, w hi ley ou a nd G oe ri ng a nd t he r es t m us t n ow l iv e a s b ra nd ed t ra i t or s a nd c ow ar ds

" I d i d a s I d id t o sa ve G er ma n b lo od , t o re sc ue w ha t w as l et t o t o urcountry

" Yo u s pe ak o t Ge rm an b lo od , H er r R ei oh st ue hr er ? You s pe ak ot i t n o w?You s ho ul d h av e t ho ug ht o : f i t y ea rs a go , b et or e y ou c am e i de nt i: fi ed w it h t heuse less shedd ing o t 80 much o t 1t. '

A s ud de n s tr at in g a tt ac k e nd ed t he c on ve rs a ti on .

T HE L AS T O RD ER S- -T O H OL D T UB R US SI AN S: G re im i nd ic at ad t ha t l it tl e h adb ee nd eo id ed a t t h e ti rs t D e en i t z w ar c ou nc il . H ow ev er e ve ry on e w as i n a co or d

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t ha t a t be st , r es is ta nc e w ou ld o nl y b e p o ss ib le f or a d e w d ay s l on ge r. I n t hem ea n t im e c om ma nd er s a ga in st t he R us si an s w er e t o h ol d t o t he l as t t o e na bl e a sm an y c iv il ia ns a s po ss ib le t o fl ee f ro m t he a dv an oe . R ei ts ch c la im s t na t G re im .w ho se l eg h ad b e co me i nc re as in gl y w or se , 1 na 1s te d u po n f ly in g i mm ed ia te ly t oF el dm ar sc ha ll J oe me r; i n c v m ma nd o f t ro op s i n S 11e si a a nd C z ec ho sl ov ak ia , t oi ns tr uc t h im t ha t h e s ho ul d r es i. t e ve n a ft er t he c ap it ul at io n o rd er w as r e-l ea se d t o g iv e t he c iv il ia ns t im e t o tl ee t o t he A me ri ca n z on e.

O n t he f 11g ht t o Jo em er , G re im 's f oo t be ca me s o b ad t ha t he h ad m om en t-a ry l ap se s o f u nc on sc io us ne ss . U po n a rr iv al J oe rn er i nd ic at ed t ha t h e h ad a l-r ea dy d ec id ed t o h ol d a . l on g a . p o. si bl e a nd b ad i ss ue d o rd er s t v t ha t e f fe oteven be fore Gre im ' . a r rival .

I t w t he n d ec id ed t o t l y o nt o K l r in g w it h t he s am e i ns tr uo ti on s,b ut G re 1m 's l eg w as b y n ow e o c ri ti oa l t ha t t ur th er m ov em en t w as 1 ap 08 s1 bl e.F ro m t he 3 rd ot l ia y t o t he 7 th i t w a s n e oe se ar y t o re ma in a t J oe me r' s h ea d-q ua rt er s i n K o en ig ra tz w he re R ei t .c h n ur.e d G re 1m u n t 11 h e c ou ld m Ov e a bo utagain.

O n th e n igh t o f th e 7 th of M ay th ey t ook Oft in a Demier 217 to tlyt o Gr az w he re K e el ri ng w as r ep or te d t o b e. D ir eo tl y o ve r t he f ie ld G er ma nf la k e ev er ly d am ag ed t he ir c ra ft w hi ch c ra sh l an de d a t t he e dg e o f t he f ie ld .R ei ts ch a nd G re im w er e o f t he u nd er.t an di ng t ha t t he c a pi tu la ti on w ou ld c om e o nt he 9 t h c f M ay a nd w he n i t w a s l ea rn ed t ha t K e el ri ng h ad l ef t G ra z t or Z e11a m S ee t he y f l ew o n i n a n e ff or t t o in st ru ct h im t o co mb in e s om e ot his t roopswi th those ho ld ing the Russians .

T HE E ND , AT Z B LL A MSU: T he y a rr iv ed a t Z e 11 aJIl S ee t ly in g a F ie sl er -S to rc h, a nd r ep or te d t o Ge ne ra l K ol le r, C hi ef o t t he G A F G en er al S ta ff . w ho w ast o t e ll t h~ ~ of K es s. lr in g' . w he re ab ou ts . H er e t he y l ea rn ed t ha t t he c ap it u-l at io n w as t o b e o n t he 8 t h i ns te ad ot t he 9t h. T he y s t111 w an te d t o