Waste managementas secondary raw material supplier

Dr. Bärbel Birnstengel - Arno Häusler - Martin Knittel

MiMeR/ Boliden Metallurgical Foresight Seminar 2012 - Luleå, 25.08.2012

© 2012 Prognos AG

Meet the future challenges

We are all in the same boat...

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Resource consumption leading to resource scarcity

Increasing waste volumes and changing

composition

- growing worldwide, details unknown -

- strain on environment -

Global climate change

- much faster, regionally unbalanced-

© 2012 Prognos AG

Distribution of selected critical metals

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Sources: OECD, Materials Case Study 1: Critical metals and Mobile Devices critical raw materials (EU-level)

81%-90%

60%-80%

77%-80%

90%

60%-70%

45%-65%

85%-95%

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World production of REE in 2011

World production of rare earth elements minerals in 2011 in total metric tons of rare earth oxides

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China130,000

Brazil550

Commonwealth ofIndipendent States

2,500

India3,000

Malaysia30

Source: U.S. Geological Survey 2011

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World resources of REE in 2011

World resources of rare earth elements minerals in 2011 in total metric tons of rare earth oxides

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China55,000,000

Brazil48,000

Commonwealth ofIndipendent States

19,000,000

India3,100,000

Malaysia30,000

Australia1,600,000

United States13,000,000

Other22,000,000

Source: U.S. Geological Survey 2011

Greenland875,000

Sweden447,000Canada

8,0000,000

South Africa977,000

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Imports of rare earth compounds by origin in tons

EU27 rare earth trade

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Quelle: Eurostat (Comext)

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EU27 rare earth imports 2011

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Quelle: Eurostat (Comext)

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Selected application examples for REE

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Source: British Geological Survey 2011, according to British geological Survey, Rare Earth Elements, June 2010; Foto: fotolia (c

wind turbines

(hybrid) electric vehicles

catalysts

lighting systems

Elec-tronicalequip-ment

magnetsmedicaldevices

ceramics

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Ressource potentials – example „laptop“

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consumption~59 million*

import~55 million*

export̴ 5 million*

Quelle: Eurostat (Prodcom, Comext), umicore

* average weight of 3.5 kg assumed

production~9 million

copper: ~ 29.500 t gold: ~ 13 t

silver: ~ 59 t palladium: ~5 t

resource ?

waste ?

theoretical potential, e.g.

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WEEE in Europe

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EU 27 (data basis: 2008)

� put on the market: 10.4 Mt

� collected: 3.3 Mt / Ø 32%

range: 9% - 72%

� recovered: 2.3 Mt / Ø 23%

range: (0%) 3% - 64%

Quelle: Eurostat, analysis Prognos

© 2012 Prognos AG

Ressource potentials – example „mobile phone“

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Example*: Survey carried out in Canada, USA, UK (2007-2008)

translated into EU 27 conditions(estimated for selected materials, based on productionfigures)

copper: ~ 586 t antimony: ~ 0.80 t

nickel: ~ 71.9 t beryllium: ~1.33 t

silver: ~ 1.60 t palladium: ~0.03 t

gold: ~ 0,14 t tantalum: ~1.33 t

illustrative only

Sources: ProdCom, OECD, Materials Case Study 1: Critical metals and Mobile Devices, 2010, composiiton as per Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft, analysis Prognos

© 2012 Prognos AG

Recycling rates of metals

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1

H2

He3

Li4

Be5

B6

C7

N8

O9

F10

Ne11

Na12

Mg13

Al14

Si15

P16

S17

Cl18

Ar19

K20

Ca21

Sc22

Ti23

V24

Cr25

Mn26

Fe27

Co28

Ni29

Cu30

Zn31

Ga32

Ge33

As34

Se35

Br36

Kr37

Rb38

Sr39

Y40

Ze41

Nb42

Mo43

Tc44

Ru45

Rh46

Pd47

Ag38

Cd49

In50

Sn51

Sb52

Te53

I54

Xe55

Cs56

Ba* 72

Hf73

Ta74

W75

Re76

Os77

Ir78

Pt79

Au80

Hg81

Tl82

Pb83

Bi84

Po85

At86

Rn87

Fr88

Ra** 104

Rf105

Db106

Sg107

Bh108

Hs109

Mt110

Ds111

Rg112

Uub113

Uut114

Uug115

Uup116

Uuh117

Uus118

Uuo

57

La58

Ce59

Pr60

Nd61

Pm62

Sm63

Eu64

Gd65

Tb66

Dy67

Ho68

Er69

Tm70

Yb71

Lu89

Ac90

Th91

Pa92

U93

Np94

Pu95

Am96

Cm97

Bk98

Cf99

Es100

Fm101

Md102

No103

Lr

* Lanthanides** Actinides

< 1% 1% – 10% > 10 – 25% > 25% - 50% > 50%

Source: UNEP, Recycling Rates of Metals - A Status report, 2011

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The high resource potential has only partly been used so far...

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* in total 17 waste streams analysed / ** 2006: MSWI considered as disposal (D10)

… selected examples* based on data for 2006 …

share recovered

share disposed

% = share recovered

Range of share recovered within EU27

legend:

iron & steel

aluminium copper othermetals

zinc……

1.4 Mt1.07 Mt 0.89 Mt

4.7 Mt

103 MtØ 77%

Ø 66%

Ø 69%Ø 61%

Ø 39%

© 2012 Prognos AG

Copper waste stream potential and recovery 2006 in kg per capita

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* fragmentary or missing data (total potential is higher but unknown) ** Verwertung = Recycling / recovery = recycling

Source: Prognos, European atlas of secondary raw materials

© 2012 Prognos AG

Focus on an integrated strategy

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ensure access to primary raw materials at undistort ed conditions

promote substitution of selected raw materials by o ther materials

reduce consumption of primary raw materials

(more) efficient recycling of raw materials and raw material containing products

promote sustainable management of raw materials

improve materials / resource efficiency for scarce raw materials

© 2012 Prognos AG

EU 27 waste management has contributed …

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… with 92 Mt CO2equ. to EU climate protection in 2004 (reference year)*

… and could make a further contribution until 2020 with

+ 146 Mt CO2equ. - only by implementation of waste legislation before WFD !

+ 197 Mt CO2equ. - roughly corresponding to WFD

+ 224 Mt CO2equ. - advanced waste management system

Source Prognos – INFU – IFEU, Resource savings and CO2 reduction potential in waste management in Europe and the possible contribution to the CO2 reduction target in 2020, Berlin 2008 (based on the analysis for 12 selected waste streams)

19% - 31% of the European climate protection targets until 2020

© 2012 Prognos AG

� ...play an important role to close resource cycles and to secure important secondary raw materials and energy

� ...contribute significantly to climate protection

� …by organizing efficient collection systems and

� ...by diverting waste from landfills

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Waste management can…

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Global challenges need coordinated global solutions (1)

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Secondary resource management needs to be optimized by improved waste management

waste management needs to become a really integrated part of environmental, economical and climate policy

waste management needs to be really turned to resource management, giving priority to diverting waste from landfills

recycling and energy recovery needs to go hand in hand (not against each other) giving priority to global environmental, climate etc. challenges

© 2012 Prognos AG

Global challenges need coordinated global solutions (2)

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Climate protection needs to be optimized by improve d waste management

consumer needs to be better integrated into material cycles

secondary raw material and energy efficiency needs to be increased

regional crossboarder concepts (instead of strict national self sufficiency concepts) need to be more supported

© 2012 Prognos AG 20

Global challenges need coordinated global solutions !

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Germany´s area of research

Germany ´s new research centres

� Recycling-Cluster of economicstrategic metals Niedersachsen (REWIMET)− network of 25 companies and institutes − focus on economic strategic metals− joint applied research (different clusters)− controlled by TU Clausthal under the management

of Prof. Goldmann (IFAD)

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Recycling-Cluster of economicstrategic metals Niedersachsen (REWIMET)

AKR e.V.

Aachener competence centre ofresource technology

Frauenhofer IWKS

Hanau / Alzenau

Helmholtz Institut Freiberg

for resource technology

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Objectives of the study „Europe becomes a raw material region“

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…to recognize the demand for secondary raw materials

Raw material and resource scarcity are not only a threat, but also a chance!

… to realize the remaining potential of secondary raw materials

… to recognize the economic cost-benefit-balance of secondary raw materials

… to highlight the contribution of waste management to raw material security &

climate protection

© 2012 Prognos AG 23

Modular design „Europe becomes a raw material region“

Base module: (secondary) raw material potential in Europe (EU27)� secondary raw materials within waste (satus quo and maximum potential)****� climate protection potential (EU27) within waste*****

Stakeholder-Workshop (optional, as per module)

Final report

Module 1: development of SRM* Module 2: fin. benefit of SRM* Module 3: demand for RM*

� scenarios for the retrieval of secondary resources

� avoidance of landfill

� measures and instruments� imports / exports

� climate protection

� potential financial savings� costs of the development of

secondary resources

� financial benefit of a comprehensive raw material strategy

� benefits for the national economy by level of innovation / use of technologies

� demand for raw materials(EU27**) today and2020 (within basis / raw materials, wholesale products, end-consumer-products)

� mass flows for selected raw materials***

� potencial contribution / benefits of (secondary) raw materials

* SRM – secondary raw materials RM – raw materials ** product flows in to 42 countries (OECD, incl. EU 23 – exc. CY, MT, LV, LT) *** to be specified****: Prognos – European Atlas of Secondary raw materials 2006 Status Quo and potential – Edition 2009 *****: Prognos, IFEU, INFU - Resource savings and CO2 reduction potential in waste management in Europe and the possible contribution to the CO2 reduction target in 2020 - 2008

Derivation of necessary targets & indicators to mea sure the achievement

© 2012 Prognos AG

Where can you find further information?

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Prognos AG: Europäischer Sekundärrohstoffatlas 2006 Status Quo und Potenziale – Edition 2009 / European Atlas of Secondary Raw Materials 2006 Status Quo and Potential – Edition 2009, Berlin 2008, added by a forecast for 2020

(www.prognos.com/sekundaerrohstoffatlas)

Prognos – INFU – IFEU: Resource savings and CO2 reduction potential in waste management in Europe and the possible contribution to the CO2 reduction target in 2020; Berlin 2008

(http://www.prognos.com/CO2-study.609.0.html)

© 2012 Prognos AG 25

Picture Copyright: slides 1,2, 20 /left) – fotolia ©; slides 11, 16-20 (right) – PresenterMedia, slide 25 – Prognos AG

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