water + energy presented by: mbo, inc.. your speaker for today jorge torres coto, p.e. building...
TRANSCRIPT
WATER + ENERGY
Presented by: MBO, Inc.
Your Speaker for Today
Jorge Torres Coto, P.E.Building Systems Commissioning Engineer
MBO, [email protected]
Brought to you by
MBO, Inc.
AGENDA
1. Link between water & energy
2. Water Resource Management
3. Wastewater Efficiency
4. Tools, Resources & Technologies
5. Benchmarking Water Resources
WATER SUPPLY LIFE CYCLE
WATER + POWER GENERATION
Power generation requires 140 billion gallons of water per day
40% of all freshwater in the nation Power water = Agriculture water Though only a small portion is used (3.3
billion gallons per day) Power water = thermal pollution 30% increase in power demand by 2025
(mostly in southwest)
REALITY: CHANGING OUR MINDSET
We need to change our mindset The earth can survive without man, but
man cannot survive without the earth We do not own the earth and its resources,
but we do own the responsibility to manage these resource so we do not threaten the earths survival and mankind's
GREEN IS NOT A COLOR
Global
Responsible
Environmental
Educational
Natural
Energy consumption in most water systems worldwide could be reduced by at least 25%
7% of the total world’s energy consumption is used to provide water services
Less than 1% of the worlds fresh water supply is readily accessible
In the US 3% of the total energy consumption is used in the water and wastewater sector
CARBON + WATER FOOTPRINT !
LINK BETWEEN WATER + ENERGY
http://www.waterfootprint.org/?page=cal/waterfootprintcalculator_indv
BLUE = SURFACE OR GROUNDGREEN = RAIN IN SOILGREY = POLLUTED
LINK BETWEEN WATER + ENERGY
The problem is not going away! 40% population increase in 40 years
EFFICIENCY Supply-side Demand-side Comprehensive
Ensuring supply side water efficiency helps municipalities maintain water supplies to a growing population
Water authorities benefit from: Lower costs
Ensuring energy
Ensuring water security
Reducing environmental impacts
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Supply side issues Leaks
Low c-value for pipes
Improper system layout
System over design
Incorrect equipment selections
Outdated equipment
Poor maintenance
Waste of usable water
Supply side solutions Impeller trims
Leak & loss reductions
Equipment upgrades
Low friction piping
High efficiency pumps
Adjustable speed drives
Capacitors
Transformers
Maintenance & operation
Water reclamation & reuse
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Reducing the amount of water consumed and maintaining the end user's level of benefit can reduce the consumer's and the utility cost's
Reducing demand creates more capacity The customer attains no additional value in
using water inefficiently Demand side programs can have an impact
in one year, supply side programs can take years to implement
Saving water through efficiency costs 1/3 less than developing new capacity
WASTE WATER EFFICIENCY
The treatment itself of water at accounts for 25 to 50 % of the total energy used by the WWT plant
Primary treatment is not energy intensive Screening is good
Groundwater and rainwater control to limit flow and load
Secondary treatment is very energy intensive
Activated sludge is more energy intensive than attached growth type (medium sized plants)
Agitation methods are important decisions. Fine bubble diffusers can be 25% more efficient than course bubble
WASTE WATER EFFICIENCY
Improvement opportunities Aeration control systems for
optimization
Feasibility for oxidation ditch
Optimize water flow per operating hours
Reduce water in secondary sludge
Anaerobic and facultative pond systems do not use energy vs. 3-6 kW/m3 for aerated ponds
Analyze disinfection options Chlorination
Ozonation
UV treatment
WASTE WATER EFFICIENCY
Anaerobic digestion = methane production
Methane = heat + electricity Larger flows + vertical drops = hydro power Water reclamation Water reuse Water reclamation does not change the
water used by the customer, it does save energy and treatment costs
THE BIGGEST HURDLE . . . SUBSIDIES AN UNDERVALUED COMMODITY WILL
BE A WASTED COMMODITY
SANITARY & DOMESTIC USE
High Efficiency Toilets (HET) 1.6 gpf vs 0.8 gpf
Reduce potable water use
Reduce treatment of water
Low flow shower heads
2.5 gpm vs 1.5 gpm
Reduce potable water use
Reduce DHW energy
Efficient faucet aerator
2.5 gpm vs 0.5 gpm
Reduce potable water use
Reduce DHW energy
SANITARY & DOMESTIC USE
Efficient Clothes Washers Front vs top loading
40 % less water
Reduce treatment of water
Xeriscaping
Drip irrigation
Rainwater harvesting
Condensate coil recovery
Cooling tower blow down adjustment and/or recovery
On-site water treatment plant
SAMPLE WATER + ENERGY SAVINGS
COMFORT COOLING & HEATING
Evaporation = 1% flow 3.0 gpm / 100 T.R. WBT : Fan RPM WBT : water consumption Evaporation : blowdown WATER BALANCE:
M = E + B + D
CONCENTRATION RATIO:
CR = MQUALITY
/ BQUALITY
WATER SAVED
V = M x CRi - CRf
(Crf)(CRF-1)
FEEDWATER WILL DICTATE CR
NOVEL IDEAS
OPTION
Operational Improvements to control blowdown and chemicals
Sulfuric Acid
Ozonation
Magnets
Facility water reuse
ADVANTAGES
Low capital & operating cost
Low maintenance
Low capital & operating cost
High CR
Higher CR Reduced chemicals
Reduced scale Reduced chemicals
Reduced water use
DISADVANTAGES
None
Safety & Health Corrosion
High capital cost Complexity Health
Controversial claims
Increased fouling Lower CR
COMFORT COOLING & HEATING
COMFORT COOLING & HEATING
STEAM HEATING (& PROCESS) Inspect & Repair Steam Traps
15% to 30% fail in first five years
Water losses and Energy losses
MINIMIZE BOILER BLOWDOWN
Typical 100k #/hr @ 150 psig
Reduce blowdown from 8% to 6%
Annual Fuel Saved = $23,007
Annual Water + Chemicals = $9,714
COMFORT COOLING & HEATING
CONDENSATE COIL RECOVERY 0.1 TO 0.3 GPH for every ton
In essence it is distilled water
SAMPLE BUILDING WATER SYSTEM
BENCHMARKING
BENCHMARKING
PROCESS
1. Understand the process & document it
2. Find the best in class, worst & average
3. What makes it good or bad
4. Compare all to one another
5. Rubber meets the road
BENCHMARKING
BENCHMARKING
AUDITING & TOOLS
AUDITING & TOOLS
AUDITING & TOOLS
AUDITING & TOOLS
AUDITING & TOOLS
1. METERING IS YOUR BEST FRIEND
2. YOU CANNOT FIX WHAT YOU CANNOT SEE
3. PERMANENT METERS CAN BECOME O&M TOOLS
4. AFTER AUDIT CONTINUE WITH MONITORING & VERIFICATION OF SUSTAINED MEASURES
MY WATER FOOTPRINT
Y our total water footprint
= 3048
cubic m eter per year
Co m po ne nts o f yo ur to ta l w a te r fo o tprin t
824
258
1965
3048 Fo o d Do m e stic I ndustria l T o ta l
Co ntributio n o f ind ividua l fo o d ca te go ry to w a rds the to ta l w a te r fo o tprin t
31
554
16
22
72
14
0
25
8
71
ce re a l m e a t ve ge ta b le fru i t da i ry Stim ula nt Fa t suga r e gg Othe rs
http://www.waterfootprint.org/?page=cal/waterfootprintcalculator_indv
TOOLS
http://www.watergy.org
TOOLS
http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1447
TOOLS
TOOLS
TOOLSBASELINE CASE DESIGN CASE
TOOLS
