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WATSON BY

IBMRhythm Arora

rhythm@qubixtechnologies.com

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Watson is an artificialintelligence computer system capable ofanswering questions posed in naturallanguage, developed in IBM's Deep QAproject by a research team led

by principal investigator David Ferrucci.Watson was named after IBM's firstpresident, Thomas J. Watson.

WHAT IS

WATSON

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WATSON IN NEWS

In 2011, as a test of its abilities,Watson competed on the quizshow Jeopardy!, in the show'sonly human-versus-machinematch-up to date. In a two-game,combined-point match, Watsonbested Brad Rutter, the biggestall-time money winneron Jeopardy!,

Watson received the first prize of$1 million,

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Jeopardy! is an American quizshow featuring trivia in history,literature, the arts, pop culture, science,sports, geography, wordplay, and more.The show has a unique answer-and-

question format in which contestantsare presented with clues in the form ofanswers, and must phrase theirresponses in question form.

WHATS THE

GAME OF

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_showhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_showhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_showhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_show

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The IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center isthe headquarters for IBM Research -- the largestindustrial research organization in the world,with eight labs in six countries. Established in1961, the Watson Research Center is located inWestchester County, New York and Cambridge,Massachusetts and spans three sites and fourbuildings -- the main laboratory in Yorktown

Heights, two buildings in Hawthorne, and onebuilding in Cambridge.

The research focuses primarily on IT hardware(ranging from exploratory work in the physicalsciences to semiconductors and systemstechnology); software (including areas asdiverse as security, programming, mathematicsand speech technologies); and services, with afocus on applying them to transform businessesin a wide range of industries.

WHERE DOES

WATSON

LIVE?

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HOW IT WORKS

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According to John Rennie, Watson canprocess 500 gigabytes, the equivalent ofa million books, per second. IBM'smaster inventor and senior consultantTony Pearson estimated Watson'shardware cost at about $3 million and

with 80 TeraFLOPs would be placed94th on the Top 500Supercomputers list, and 49th in theTop 50 Supercomputers list. Accordingto Rennie, the content was stored inWatson's RAM for the game becausedata stored on hard drives are too slowto access.

HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?

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Watson's software was written in bothJava and C++ and usesApache Hadoop framework fordistributed computing,ApacheUIMA (Unstructured Information

Management Architecture) framework,IBMs DeepQA software and SUSE LinuxEnterprise Server 11 operating system.[

More than 100 different techniques areused to analyze natural language,identify sources, find and generate

hypotheses, find and score evidence,and merge and rank hypotheses.[19]

SOFTWARE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_(computer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_(computer)

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The sources of information for Watsoninclude encyclopedias, dictionaries,thesauri, newswire articles, and literaryworks. Watson also used databases,taxonomies, and ontologies.Specifically, DBPedia, WordNet,and Yago were used.

The IBM team provided Watson withmillions of documents, includingdictionaries, encyclopedias, and otherreference material that it could use tobuild its knowledge. Although Watson wasnot connected to the Internet during thegame,It contained 200 million pages ofstructured and unstructured content

consuming four terabytes of diskstorage,including the full textof Wikipedia

HOW DOES

WATSON

KNOW

EVERYTHING

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBPediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordNethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAGO_(database)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBPediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordNethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAGO_(database)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAGO_(database)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordNethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBPedia

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Watson's basic workingprinciple is to parse keywordsin a clue while searching forrelated terms as responses.

Watson has deficiencies inunderstanding the contextsof the clues.

As a result, human playersusually generate responsesfaster than Watson,especially to short

clues. Watson'sprogramming prevents it

WATSON VS

HUMANS

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www.watson.ibm.com/

www.wikipedia.org/watson(computer)

KNOW MORE

ABOUT

WATSON