web-services the solution to every problem?. 29 okt 2002© per flensburg2 what is web-services? a...
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Web-services
The solution to every problem?
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What is web-services?
A way of moving information from one business system to another
Thus it becomes the foundation of an e-business concept
And of course it is a lucrative market for the vendors
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An example
Suppose we have two companiesBoth have their own processes for
buying and sellingThe first company then buys the
other and their systems are to be integrated.
But you want to keep the business processes as untouched as possible
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Customer register
Customer number First name Second name Street Street number Zip code Postal address Sum to pay
Customer name Invoice address Delivery address Customer
category Bought this year Contact person
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Problems to solve
How do we get hold of the delivery address?
How is the customer placed in the right category?
How do we count “bought this year”All of this depends on the
business process
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The business process
Find customer number
If invoices to pay > 2500€ no order
Receive the order Send the gods to
the desired address Send invoice to
address in register
Find customer name Receive the order Compute price
reduction (depending on category and accumulated buying )
Send gods to delivery address
Send invoice to invoice address
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Problems we face
Price reduction which is done only in one of the companies
Delivery address that must be supplied manually in one case
In one of the companies the customer must be registered in advance, in the other the registration can take place during the order process.
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Another example
A company A sells stuff to companies B and C which both are very big.
B and C has totally different business processes
All three will now do e-business
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Company A’s part register
Part nameSelling pricePrice for original stuffManufacturing costsParts in storeAvailable for sellingManufacturing time
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Company B’s part register
Part numberCategoryOrdering quantitySaldoOrder level 1Order level 2
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Company C’s part register
Article numberNameBuying pricePhysical number in storeDelivery timeVendor number
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Mapping problems
Part nameSelling pricePrice for original stuffManufacturing costsParts in storeAvailable for sellingManufacturing time
Part numberCategoryOrdering quantitySaldoOrder level 1Order level 2
Article numberNameBuying pricePhysical number in storeDelivery timeVendor number
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B order from A
If saldo is below order quantity 1, then you order the ordering quantity.
If you can save more than 250€ in transport costs by delivering from the same company, then order if the saldo is below order quantity 2
But only up to full transport.
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C order from A
Every third week the store is filledThen you by from the vendor
having the lowest price and offering the best conditions concerning price, delivery and credit time.
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Different ways of making e-commerce
Establish unique routines for every customer– The customer have full control over
the business process.Company A offers certain solutions
– The customer have to adopt– But the price is getting lower
You establish a standardised solution, f.ex. EDI
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56 converting routines
Ftg A
Ftg B
Ftg C
Ftg D
Ftg F
Ftg H
Ftg E
Ftg G
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16 converting routines
Ftg A
Ftg B
Ftg C
Ftg D
Ftg F
Ftg H
Ftg E
Ftg G
Alla konverterar till och från ett gemensamt format: Middleware
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Customer - Meaning?
A person who has something sometimeA person who has asked for product
informationOne who has not yet paidA body who has bought for at least
1000€ last yearA body registered as customer in the
customer database at the headquarter.
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Sam meaning but different names
KundidKundnoKundrefCustomerCST
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Technical perspective
XML as a common denominator
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Invoice
Invoice
QuickTime och enTIFF (LZW)-dekomprimerarekrävs för att kunna se bilden.
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Struktur
Structureof invoice
QuickTime och enTIFF (LZW)-dekomprimerarekrävs för att kunna se bilden.
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Större struktur
Invoice, bigger structure QuickTime och enTIFF (LZW)-dekomprimerarekrävs för att kunna se bilden.
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Filformat: XML
Exemplet hämtat från Stig Berild
<order>
<summa> 35003500 </summa>
<namn> StinaStina </namn><kund>
</kund> <orderrad> <produkt> VilstolVilstol </produkt> <antal> 44 </antal> <apris> 500500 </apris> </orderrad>
<orderrad> <produkt> LampaLampa </produkt> <antal> 66 </antal> <apris> 250250 </apris> </orderrad>
</order>
<ordernr> 123123 </ordernr>
<adress> StorgatanStorgatan </adress>
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The meaning of the tags
How do you know which tags are allowed?– You have a vocabulary
How do you know what the tags mean?– You have a template (DTD)
How are the connected?– By XSL
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Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)
XSLXSLstyle-style-sheetsheet
XSL-XSL-ProcessorProcessor
(XSLT)(XSLT)
Transfor-Transfor-meringmering
Adds, subtractsChange theorder
XSL-XSL-ProcessorProcessor
(XSL)(XSL)
formatting
XML/HTML
XSL-XSL-ProcessorProcessor
(XSL)(XSL)
XML/HTML
XML-XML-ParserParser
Controls syntax, content, file formatTranslate to internal format
Exemplet hämtat från Stig Berild
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Semantic perspective
What do they mean – actually?
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Vocabulary
Ftg A
Ftg B
Ftg C
Ftg D
Ftg F
Ftg H
Ftg E
Ftg G
Kontrakt
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More about vocabularies
A strong actor (e.g. IKEA) can dictate the conditions
There are lots of vocabularies– General– Market specific– Business process specific– Subject specific
Se t.ex.: www.biztalk.org www.xml.orgwww.xmlinfo.comwww.openapplications.org
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Repository
Vocabular repositories
Internal definitions
Standardised definitions
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Example of repositories
Biztalk– Defined by Microsoft– Used by bigger organisations
ebXML– Defined by OASIS– Belongs to open source
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Determinedby standardsoftware
Business parteragreements
Industry-standard-defined
Used internally
Dictated fromgoverment
EU-declared
Edifact-adopted
Exemplet hämtat från Stig Berild
Vocabulary chaos?
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Business process
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Example
AB Scravator
CitybankenFlying containers inc
Fiffel & Bågh
Web-service
Customer
Order receiving
Credit controlDelivery
Invoicing
Payment
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Dynamics
AB Scravator
ProvinsbankenMopedbud upa
Boka Hb
Web-service
Customer
Order recieving
Delivery
Book keeping
Payment
Packad o allt
Package
Checking all
Credit control
Invoicing
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Hierarchies
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Business process and vocabularies
Repository
Internal definitions
Standardiserade definitioner
Business process repository
UDDIebXML
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Credit control
Business Process repository
ConditionsDescription
ConditionsDescription
ConditionsDescription
ConditionsDescription
WDSLUDDIebXML
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Some file format
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File format: EDIFACT
…
LOC+SC+Storskolan’NAD+TE+Evert Ek´COM+TEL+384211’NAD+TE+Asta Dal´COM+TEL+567342’NAD+PU+Emil Svensson´COM+TEL+143423’…
Message
Group
Segment
Composite element
Element
Tag
Separators
Exemplet hämtat från Anders Skog
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File format: Separators
…
S:StorskolanL:Evert Ek:384211L:Asta Dal:567433E:Emil Svensson:143254…
File
Record
Field
Separator/Delimiter
Exemplet hämtat från Anders Skog
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File format: Fixed fields
…
SStorskolan________
LEvert Ek________384211_______
LAsta Dal________453432_______
EEmil Svensson___143254_______ …
File
Record
Field
Padding
Exemplet hämtat från Anders Skog
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Description of EDIFACTSegmentkatalog
LOC e1234 M e2345 C e3456 C
NAD e4321 M e9876 C
Elementkatalog
e1234 an 2 kod: A1,A2,B1…e2345 an 1..35e3456 n 2 e4321 an 3 kod: BU,SE,TE…
Meddelande
GR01 LOC 1 GR02 0..999 NAD 1 COM 0..3
…
LOC+SC+Storskolan’NAD+TE+Evert Ek´COM+TEL+384211’NAD+TE+Asta Dal´COM+TEL+567342’NAD+PU+Emil Svensson´COM+TEL+143423’…
Instans
Exemplet hämtat från Anders Skog
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The size do matters!
Typical business document in EDIFACT-standard:– 150 segments– 50 groups– 3-6 levels
Every segment has 5-10 elements New version twice a year One instance (file) can be several megabytes SAP IDOC is similar XML might end up here too…
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Conclusion
Sort of…
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Business system A
Data
Structure
Semantics
Business system B
Data
Structure
Semantics
XML etc,
Metadata
E-business
Marketstandard
Middelware
E-business
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The BIG problem
The intrinsic problem in e-business is to move knowledge from one system to another
Moving knowledge means both moving the information, the meaning with the information.
The actions performed based upon the information must be the intended ones.
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How to achieve intended actions?
The intention must be transferred – it is located in the context
The desired action must be known – as well as its intentions
The easiest way to accomplish this is by standardising.
Standardised customers use standard procedures for buying standard stuff.
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Standardisation – the solution?
In modern business they talk about establish relations, they even talk about value management
If you get a personal treatment, you are more satisfied and thus a better customer
In fact we end up with transactions that are to be treated individually, but cheaper than today!
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Other solutions?
To make it extremely short: Let the customer arrange the procedure herself by collecting standardised components as a sort of Lego.
This requires a quite new way of looking at business software and business software development.
The components must be specific for every market.
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Fine