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Extra Support for Vocabulary and ConceptsName _____________________________________________

What Are Ecosystems?Science Wordsenvironment [en•VY•ruhn•muhnt] the living and nonliving things that surround a living thing

ecosystem [EE•kih•sis•tuhm] all the living and nonliving things in a place.

Forests, deserts, and mountains are land ecosystems.

-Desert plants and animals have adaptations for living in a dry ecosystem.

-Ocean ecosystems are made up of plants and animals living in salt water.

-Rivers, which carry water to the ocean, are fresh water ecosystems.

habitat [HAB•i•tat] the place where a plant or animal lives

population [pahp•yuh•LAY•shuhn] all of one kind of organism living in the same area

Population is about only one kind of living thing.

community [kuh•MYOO•nuh•tee] all of the populations that live and interact in an area

Your neighborhood is a community. The community includes the children and adults who live and work there. It also includes the plants and animals. The people, plants, and animals in your community are connected.

20© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company


Choose the best answer:

1-Which of the following best describes the living and non-living parts of an area:

A. A niche B. community

C. An ecosystem D.biome

2-A group made of the same kind of individuals living in the same ecosystem

A. A population B. community


3-All the populations that live in the same place



4-Which of these is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

A water B air

C sunlight D grass

5- A place where the animal lives is its


C. An ecosystem D.habitat

6-Most of Earth is made up of which type of ecosystem?

A.desert B. freshwater

C.grassland D. saltwater



What Is a Food Chain?-Producer [pruh•DOOS•er] a living thing that makes its own food.

Plants are producers.

Produce means make something. A plant is a producer because it produces its own food.

-Photosynthesis [foht•oh•SIN•thuh•sis] the process a green plant uses to make food

Plants need light in order to do photosynthesis.

During photosynthesis, plants use water , sunlight , and carbon dioxide from the air to produce sugar, which is stored in the leaves (3).

-Consumer [kuhn•SOOM•er] a living thing that eats other living things

A consumer couldn’t live without a producer.

a-Herbivores: are animals that eat only plants. b-Carnivores: are animals that eat other animals.c-Omnivores: including humans, they eat mostly plants and animals.

Decomposer [dee•cuhm•POHZ•er] living things that get energy by breaking down wastes and dead plant and animal matter

.Decomposers take things apart by breaking them down.



Food Chains

food chain [FOOD CHAYN] a way to show the path of food from one living thing to another. A food chain begins with producers.

The links in a food chain are plants and animals. The links are connected in an order that shows which animal is eating which.

A food web shows the relationship among different food chains.

An energy pyramid shows how much energy is passed from one living thing to another .

Predator and preyAn animal that hunts other animals for food is called a predator.

An animal that is hunted for food is called prey.



Choose the best answer:

1-In a food chain, there are producers, consumers, and decomposers. What is the role of a producer in a food chain?

to eat plants to make food

to eat other living things to break down dead things

2-A bird kills and eats an insect for food and energy. Which best describes the bird?

It is a predator. It is a producer.

It is a herbivore. It performs photosynthesis.

3-A food chain shows how living things depend on other living things for energy. Which of the following correctly shows how energy moves through a food chain?

grass oak tree human

grass chicken humanhuman chicken grasschicken grass human

4-Some living things, such as rabbits, eat only plants. What is the name for living things that eat only plants?

carnivores consumers

herbivores producers

5-Which type of food would a herbivore eat?berries mice

rabbits worms



6-This picture shows a food chain in the ocean.How does the small fish get energy?

by eating algae

by eating the shark

by eating a consumer

by eating the sea lion

7-In a food chain, frogs eat grasshoppers. Snakes eat frogs. Hawks eat snakes. What kind of organism is missing from this food chain?

animal carnivore

consumer producer

8-Which type of food would a herbivore eat?berries mice

rabbits worms

9-In which group does a hawk belong?

carnivore herbivore

omnivore producer

10-Which animal is classified as an omnivore?

A red fox B deer

C black bear D rabbit



11-Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of

living things is a cow?

A. Decomposer B. Herbivore

C. Carnivore D. Producer

12-What is the major source of energy for food chains?

A water B air

C sunlight D grass

13-Why are decomposers important in any environment?

A They make food using sunlight.

B They make places for animals to live.

C They help to break down dead organisms.

D They are a big part of the water cycle.

Show how energy gets used in a food chain. Draw an energy pyramid into this triangle.

Divide it into 3 sections and in each section put one living thing.Label each consumer as either herbivore or carnivore.


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