€¦ · web viewdeadline 28 february, 2015 deadline 28 february, 2015. isp uppsala universitet...

Deadline 28 February, 2015 ISP Uppsala Universitet Box 549SE-751 21 Uppsala, SwedenFax +46 18 471 [email protected]

Activity Report for 2014ISP-supported research groups and networks

Since last year the condensed and full activity report have been merged into this single activity report form. As the full activity report is no longer required, please develop your answers to the required extent in this form. Guidelines are incorporated in each section, please read them carefully. The information you provide is crucial for ISP’s own reporting and for future evaluations. For any information given separately, please refer to a corresponding enclosure or web address. The completed form with enclosures must be emailed to the responsible program director, and must be sent as an MS Word file (not as converted to pdf).

1. Organization

Program (Physics / Chemistry / Mathematics)Physics

Research Group code/ Network acronym

Leader(s) (Research Group leader/Network coordinator/Deputy leader: title, given name, family name)Dr Dumisani John HlatywayoAddressDepartment/unit: Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversity/institute: National University of Science and TechnologyStreet (visiting address): Cnr Gwanda Road / Cecil AvenueP.O Box number: AC 939 AscotCity: Bulawayo

Post/zip code: 00263Country: Zimbabwe

E-mail address(es): [email protected]; [email protected]:Telephone and telefaxOffice+263 9 282842

Home+263 9 460569

Mobile+263 773738136

Fax+263 9 286803

Full title of Research Group/NetworkEastern and Southern Africa Regional Seismological Working Group

Report seen by Head of Department/Chairperson:..............................…/ Signature/Name in printing

Network Structure (Networks only. E.g. list of participating nodes/countries)Ethiopia, Eritrea, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique

The following enclosures are submitteda) RBM log frame with follow-up1

b) Publications and theses (abstracts)c) Certified/Audited2 statement of accounts for 2014d) Revised budget for 2015e) Other (specify):

Yes / No

yes

Date26 February, 2015

Leader’s signature

1 If applicable, up to 2013. Compulsory for successful applicants from 2014 and onwards. See RBM guidelines.2 If applicable, see Guidelines for financial reporting.

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mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Deadline 28 February, 2015

2. Background

a) Describe the overall goals of the activity, and the strategy to achieve them. The main goal is to monitor earthquakes in order to mitigate seismic risk in the region by

i] operating and maintaining seismic stationsii] networking and exchanging seismic data iii] training seismic data analysts, technician and scientists andiv] carrying out seismic hazard assessment.

b) Give a brief history of the project/network.The project started as a collaboration between three East African countries (Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania) in seismic data exchange. In 1992 Malawi, Zambia, Ethiopia and Zimbabwe were incorporated into the grouping leading to the birth of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Seismological Group that was geared towards data exchange, training seismic analysts and jointly analyzing seismic data to produce seismic bulletins with improved epicentral data. The Group slowly grew to nine countries which now include Eritrea and Mozambique. Annual Workshops were held hosted by the Group countries on a rotational basis. At the workshops, seismic analysts and technicians were have been trained while the majority of seismologists in the region have received their training to either Masters Degree or Doctorate level have been done with the sole financial support from ISP. The Group continues with the project and data at one point or other has been used to estimate seismic hazard in the region.

c) Give the scientific background, relevance and justification. Indicate how activities align with applicable policy/strategy (e.g. at University and National level).

Earthquake monitoring in the region realizes that the East Africa rift system forms the most recognized rifting world-wide and a number of damaging earthquakes have occurred in the region. It is therefore imperative that monitoring is done and some understanding of the processes leading to the earthquakes in the region, understood with the aim of mitigating the effects of the earthquakes. Availability of seismic data will enable seismic hazard assessments to be carried out. The information is required by development planners, government and industry for planning purposes.

3. Research Results (NOTE that details of awarded degrees are to be listed in 5c and dissemination in sections 7-9)

a) Give an overall description of research activities carried out in 2014.The Group held a Workshop in Entebbe, Uganda in November where work on data analysis to update the seismic data bulletins to current and update and improve the seismic catalogue for the region.

b) Give the main research results in 2014. The main result was an update of the seismic bulletin to 2013 and a deliberate attempt to correspondingly produce a seismic catalogue for the region. Catalogue improvement work will always continue in a bid to make the catalogue near to being complete for given earthquake magnitude.

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4. Overall Results Analysis

a) Relate all results in 2014 to the specific objectives of the research group/network. If applicable, list the RBM log frame objectives, including overall objective and specific objectives. (See RBM guidelines). For each objective, write briefly about what was done to achieve it and which were the results – or whether results were not yet achieved.

The Group has attained a relatively high level in networking and data exchange. Workshop that was held in Uganda in November 2014 was a success in data analysis and bulletin production. A notable achievement was realized at the same Workshop in Earthquake Catalogue preparation. It was also observed that a substantial number of stations were out of operation being challenged by a lack of spares of equipment replacement.

b) Analyze why, or why not, results have been achieved. Comment on the (limiting or favorable) conditions for reaching the results.

There is a need for a sustained training of technical personnel for the maintenance of equipment. This will possibly improve the situation in equipment maintenance. Data available is enough for scientists to engage in seismic hazard estimate work and thus consequently lead to risk analysis.

c) Were the results in line with expected/planned outcomes? Motivate your answer.The data analysis and production of a regional bulletin was carried out to satisfaction. More work remains to be done to produce a regional catalogue which is close to being complete relative to a given magnitude of say, mb = 4.0. Work is therefore still in progress.

d) Give an estimate of how far the group/network has come in the fulfillment of the stated objectives.

The Network has certainly managed to compile data in accordance with the main objective. It has not been possible to realize best results in as far as seismic station operation and maintenance is concerned. Problems associated with acquisition of spare parts and capable fully qualified technical personnel has and continues to affect data acquisition. Seismic bulletins are up to date while the catalogue is close to completion for magnitudes in excess of mb 4.0.

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5. Staff and students

a) List all staff in the group/network working with research within the activities reported. Networks list members of Board or Management Committee, node coordinators, etc. Note that “support staff” (Supp.) comprises all non-academic and undergraduate staff, e.g. laboratory assistants, technicians, secretaries, etc. For each person listed, indicate gender (F = Female; M = Male). Staff members who also are active students must also be listed under 5b.

Gender (F/M)

Given name, family name Position held/ Function3 Staff qualificationsPhD Other Ac. Supp.

M Dumisani John Hlatywayo Geophysicist/Team leader PhDF Gladys Kianji Geophysicist/Vice Team Leader MScM Ghebrebrhan Ogubazghi Geophysicist/Treasurer PhDM Atalay Wondem Ayele Seismologist/Secretary PhDF Lostina Chapola Geophysicist/Committee Memb MScM Richard W Ferdnand Seismologist/Committee Memb PhDM Fred Tugumwe Geophysicist/Committee MembF Annie Mulowezi Seismologist/Committee Memb BScM Severino Marcos Seismologist/ Committee Memb MSc(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

b) List all students in the group/network actively working with research within the activities reported. Students to be included should be both those who benefit directly from the ISP support (fellowships) and those who benefit indirectly by using consumables and equipment provided through the ISP grant. Indicate type of postgraduate programs for the students; i.e. Sandwich type (training at home institute alternating with training abroad) or Local (only at home institute). Staff members, who also are active students, must also be listed here. Please delete examples before entering own data.

Gender(F/M)

Full name and email

Target degree (PhD/MPhil/MSc)

Tentative title of thesis/ subject

Start. year

Grad. year

Staff Sandwich/local

(If sandwich: state period, place and supervisor of the abroad training in the reporting yearIf local: state direct or indirect benefit of ISP grant)

M Berhe Goitom PhD Seismic hazard assessment for Eritrea and surroundings

2013 2017 SandwichBristol University (UK)Prof. M. Kendal, Supervisror

(Allow this and the following lists to expand over page boundaries as necessary)

c) List all students awarded degrees in 2014 (MSc/MPhil and PhD). Note that title of thesis should be listed under the table. (Full abstracts in Enclosure b). Please delete example before entering own data.

Gender(F/M)

Full name and email

Awardeddegree

Start. year

Grad. date

University of graduation

Students have published results

Sandwich/local

3 Indicate deputy leader/coordinator, if applicable

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before graduating(Yes/No)


List title of thesis as: Given name, Family name (Gender). Title of thesis.

d) Follow-up question: Is the number of yearly Master’s and Doctoral graduations over or under the expected number of graduations? Please comment and explain the reasons for any deviations.

e) List all students who left the program in 2014 without graduating. If known, state for what reasons, and details of their present position/situation. Please delete example before entering own data.

Gender(F/M)

Full name and e-mail Target Degree(PhD/MPhil/MSc)

Start year

Reasons for leaving the studies, if known

New affiliation, if known


f) Follow-up questions: Comment on any trend of leaving/staying students in perspective of previous years. Are there common reasons? Which? What strategy could be adopted to reduce any loss of students?

6. Gender distribution

a) Comment on the gender balance among staff and students in the group, compared to previous years. Has it changed? If so, how?

This has remained static over the years with poor representation from the female side.

b) State what you believe is the reason for the gender distribution. It may be a negative stigma attached to the type of science involved where it remains dominated by men.

c) State your research group’s planned strategy to achieve gender balance (if not already the case). Could ISP be helpful for reaching this goal? How?

Motivation for this type of science needs to be done at an even much lower level in the education system for the different countries. Generally, the sciences, let alone applied geophysics, remain a preserve for and is dominated by the males. Efforts are being made within the Group, to encourage recruitment of females in the technical and seismic analysis grade at the National Seismic Data Centres.

d) Does you university/institution/department have a documented gender policy?

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7. Publications

List under the correct category publications that were published in 2014. Please list information in the order given in the tables, as it will be pasted into the ISP Annual Report for 2014. Do not list material published in 2013 or earlier, or submitted manuscripts even if accepted, only what was actually published in 2014.

a) Publications in scientific journals in 2014. (Provide full abstracts in Enclosure b). Please delete example before entering own data.

Author(s) (Year). Title. Journal, ISSN-number, Vol.: Pages. DOI4

Indicate how large a part of the work was performed at home University (<25%, 25-50%, >50%)

Was ISP support acknowledged (Yes/No)

J. O. S. Hammond, J.-M. Kendall, J. Wookey, G. W. Stuart, D. Keir, and A. Ayele (2014). Differentiating flow, melt, or fossil seismic anisotropy beneath Ethiopia, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 15, doi:10.1002/2013GC005185 (<25%).

Yes

A.S. Macheyeki , H. Mdala, L.S. Chapola, V.J. Manhiça, J. Chisambi, P. Feitio, A. Ayele, J. Barongo, R.W. Ferdinand, G. Ogubazghi, B. Goitom, J.D. Hlatywayo, G.K. Kianji, I. Marobhe, A. Mulowezi, l, D. Mutamina, J.M. Mwano, B. Shumba, I. Tumwikirize (2014). Active fault mapping in Karonga-Malawi after the December 19, 2009 Ms 6.2 seismic event. Journal of African Earth Science, 102: doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.10.010 (< 25%).

Yes

Lostina S. Chapola (2014). The Impacts of 2009 Karonga earthquakes, Malawi. JOCUNIMA, No. 1, 2014, Montfort Press, Balaka, Malawi. (This is an upcoming Journal for The Catholic University of Malawi, still in press)

YES

G. Ogubazghi, B. Goitom, A. Kibreab, J. King (2014). Relocation of the 31 March 2011 earthquake in the Nabro Volcanic Range of southern Eritrea. Eritrean J. Sci. Eng., 1, 93 – 102. (>50%)

No

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table) b) Publications in conference proceedings in 2014. (Provide full abstract in Enclosure b). Note that

published abstracts of conference contributions in 2014 are given under 8b. Please delete example before entering own data.

Author(s) (Year). Title. Conference Name, Location, Date. Proceeding’s name, Pages. DOI5

Indicate how large a part of the work was performed at home University (<25%, 25-50%, >50%)


(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

c) Scientific books and book chapters, etc. published in 2014. (Provide full abstract in Enclosure b). Please delete example before entering own data.

Author(s) (Year). Title. Book Title, Editor(s), Pages. City of publication: name of publisher. ISBNIndicate how large a part of the work was performed at home University


4 Digital Object Identifier (www.doi.org) – to be provided if available5 Digital Object Identifier (www.doi.org) – to be provided if available

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(<25%, 25-50%, >50%)


d) Popular publications/technical reports in 2014.

Author, Title, Medium, DOI6


e) Follow-up question: Is the number of publications in 2014 more or less than the expected? Please comment and explain.

6 Digital Object Identifier (www.doi.org) – to be provided if available

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8. List of contributions to conferences etc.

List all conferences, workshops, meetings, seminars and courses arranged or attended by staff and students in your group/network in 2014, and give data about contributions as applicable.

a) List conferences/workshops/courses/meetings organized by you in 2014. Please delete examples before entering own data.

Name of event, Venue, Dates (no of participants)ESARSWG seismic data analyst workshop, held in Addis Ababa, May 19-26, 2014 (18 part.)Natural Hazard Monitoring & Risk Management in Ethiopia held in Addis Ababa University, November 6-7, 2014 (75 part.)


b) List all contributions by your group to conferences/workshops/courses/meetings in 2014, including invited lectures at external institutions/organizations. Please delete example before entering own data.

Author(s), Title of the presentation. (Oral or Poster), Name of event, Dates, Venue

Oral or Poster

Invited speakeryes/no

Atalay Ayele, C.J. Ebinger, Carolyn van Alstyne, Derek Keir, Casey W. Nixon, Manahloh Belachew and James O. S. Hammond, Late-stage rift seismicity in central Afar and the Tendaho Dam Safety, (Ethiopia): Downstream risk implications, Africa Array Annual Assembly, 21-22 January, 2014, Johannesburg (South Africa)

Atalay Ayele, M. Grobbelaar, and V. Midzi, African Seismological Commission (AfSC), Africa Array, Annual Assembly 21-22 Januray 2014, Johannesburg (South Africa)

A. Ayele, V. Midzi , B. Ateba, T. Mulabisana, K. Marimira, D.J. Hlatywayo, O. Akpan, P. Amponsah, T.M. Georges and R. Durrheim, GEM regional programme for sub-Saharan Africa and progress towards developing and earthquake risk model, Africa Array, Annual Assembly

oral

oral

oral

no

no

no

Atalay Ayele, Recent Active Rifting and Volcanism in the Afar Region: Challenges and Opportunities, April 2014, University of Bristol

oral yes

Recent Seismicity of the Main Ethiopian Rift: Implication for Earthquake and Volcanic Risk, EGU 2014, Vienna Austria

oral no


c) Follow-up question: Is the number of contributions from your group to conferences/workshops/courses and/or meetings 2014 over or under the expectation? Please comment and explain the reasons for any deviations.

d) List all conferences/workshops/courses/meetings attended by group/network members without scientific contributions in 2014.

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Participant, Name of event, Venue, Dates


e) List all seminars/courses arranged by you on the MSc/PhD/other level in 2014.

Author, Title of presentation, Location, Date, Level, Number of attendees Part of seminar series, Y/N


f) Follow-up question: If seminars are not part of an organized seminar series – what are the plans with regard to introducing such series?

9. Outreach activities, application of results, assignments and awards

Note! This section is just as important as the reporting of research results.

a) Outreach activities: Describe any interaction (meetings, participation in committees, etc.) with government/society/industry/NGOs in the country, in the region or in global conventions, etc., including unpublished reports to authorities, media exposure and public lectures etc. Were the outreach activities on your initiative or by invitation? Give account for any tangible or expected effects of outreach activities, including possibilities for policy influence.

An ISP sponsored national workshop entitled “Natural Hazard Monitoring & Risk Management in Ethiopia” was held in 2014 (November 6-7) which was organized by our institute (Institute of Geophysics Space Science and Astronomy). As it has always been the case in many countries in the developed world, there is a civil protection framework which takes care of risk management in an event of natural crisis/hazard which doesn't exist in Ethiopia. This was brought to the attention of the government and the industry.

b) Follow-up question: Can outreach activities be improved and, if so, how? Which additional outreach activities can be initiated to strengthen the activities?

As a Group, we do encourage country nodes to engage in seminars and workshops that will bring to light, the ills caused by earthquakes and how they may be mitigated.

c) Application and use of research results: are there research results that have come to use in practice or have influenced policy? Describe any documented use of research results, including in teaching, and any impact or possible influence on policy/practices, any results used in patents and/or in practical/industrial use, etc.

Much still needs to be done at the National Data Centres to recognise the existence of ESARSWG as the custodian of the data. It is important to nte that National Data Centres have the full backing of the Governments that do host them and as such, the Governments are fulyy aware of the type of services we are capable of rendering – perhaps what is required is for the individual members at the National Data Centres to

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ensure their impact in seismology is felt and that they are visible. This is what the Group is encouraging its members to do.

d) Follow-up question: Which results do you expect will be particularly useful? How can this best be realized?

Data as contained in the Seismic Bulletins and indeed the Catalogue. Scientists within the region have to be visible.

e) Give examples on how activities and outcomes have strengthened and benefitted researchers and stakeholders nationally and regionally; including new assignments. E.g. List staff members who took new positions in 2014, received awards, were given other honors, or were appointed to boards, government committees, etc. For staff members, who took new positions, please give new affiliation and email address. How have stakeholders benefitted, for example the public, collaborators, and any group affected or concerned by the research activities?

f) Follow-up question: Have your activities and outcomes led to new strengths and benefits? Which? Please comment and motivate your answer.

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10. Scientific contacts and cooperation

a) List external cooperating scientists (at your own university/institute, nationally, regionally, or internationally) that were engaged in active collaboration with your research group/network in 2014.

Gender(F/M

Title Full name Affiliation and country

M Prof. Andrew Nyblade Penn state University (USA)

M Prof. Ray Durhiem University of witwatersrand

b) Follow-up question: Would additional collaborators be needed? In which scientific specialties?

11. Scientific exchange

a) Specify all visitors from your group in 2014. Sandwich students already listed under 5b should be excluded here. Please delete example before entering own data.

Scientist/fellow name (Gender) purpose of visit, visited institute, host, country, period (yymm – yymm). Financial support.Dr. Atalay Ayele (M) visited the University of Bristol in April last year, hosted by Prof. Mike Kendall.Dr Atalay (M) Participated the EGU 2014 assembly with the financial support of ISPDr. Atalay Ayele (M) paid a research visit to ICTP (International Centre for theoretical Physics) from June 15 to August 2015 to work on his research related with update of the seismic hazard map of the country and the region at large.Dr. Atalay Ayele (M) visited University of Nairobi in October 2014 (24-26) to provide assistance to diagnose a malfunctioning CMG-3ESP sensor and test other new ones bought through the ISP supportDr. Atalay Ayele (M) visited University of Nairobi in October 2014 (24-26) to provide assistance to diagnose a malfunctioning CMG-3ESP sensor and test other new ones bought through the ISP supportDr. Atalay Ayele and Mr Sisay Alemayehu visited the Geological Survey of Uganda to contribute to the bulletin preparation and earthquake catalogue compilation workshop held in the Geological Survey of Uganda November

b) Specify all visitors to your group in 2014. Please delete example before entering own data.

Title, Full name (Gender), Affiliation, country, period (yymm - yymm), purpose of visit. Financial support.Mr. Brassnavy Manzunzu (M) from CGS (Council of Geosciences) visited Addis Ababa University in September, 2014 and stayed for the whole month to work on compiling an earthquake catalogue of the East African Rift. The visit was funded by ICTP (International Science Program).Prof. M. Kendal from Bristol University and Dr. James Hammond from Imperial College London spent one week in the Eritrea Institute of Technology in June 2014 to give a workshop on

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seismology to a group of 15 participants. The visit was funded by the visiting group.Dr. Robert Reilinger from MIT visited Eritrea Institute of Technology during 12 – 23 February 2014 and participated in a Field trip involving the measurement of geodetic reference points, as part of the joint research project. The visit and field trip was funded by MIT.

c) Follow-up question: Has scientific exchange strengthened research activities and students? How? How can scientific exchange be developed further to benefit development of activities?

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12. Other funding

a) Specify all other sources of grants available 2014, including research funding from own university, besides from what was received from ISP.

Source of grant (Besides from ISP) Grant period/mmyy-mmyy

Amount/Currency


b) Follow-up question: Indicate and comment on planned proposals for complementary funding.

c) (For Research Groups only): Estimate the monetary value of the costs covered by your own university/institution that was necessary to sustain the ISP-supported research activities during 2014. E.g. salary costs of those involved, cost for premises and amenities used (water, electricity, heating/cooling, etc.), and management costs (including at other university offices, faculty, bursar, etc.). Provide a total estimate of these so called “in kind”-costs, with approximate values and indicate the currency.

If figures are not readily available a rough estimate is sufficient. ISP needs these figures to prove such costs in the effort to secure continued funding after 2018. For example, if the salary costs for a researcher, who spends X percent of the time on the ISP-supported activities, is X USD/month, the yearly costs are 12x(X percent)xY USD.

Item Estimated amount (currency) x 1000 USDSalaries 200Management costs 5Office and Laboratory space 100Freight handling 30Communication and Local transport 60Internet access 10Other, specify:Other, specify:Total amount 405


d) Follow-up question: Are there difficulties finding out these figures, and, if so, what are the difficulties? If figures cannot be estimated, please describe in words how the research group and the activities benefit from institutional services. Are overhead costs paid on money transferred for local use? What percentage is withheld and at which administrative level?

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13. Equipment

a) List all relevant equipment available, and used by the research group, at the department in 2014. Start with the most important equipment. Indicate whether properly functioning or not, and if the cause for any malfunction is known or suspected, and if the equipment needs to be substituted or repaired.

Equipment type, model, and name of manufacturer Year acquired

Fully functional, yes/noIf no, indicate why and the need for repair or substitution

Three Taurus data loggers (Nanometrics products) 2009 Two still functional and one was vandalized

Three more Taurus data loggers (Nanometrics) 2012 All are functionalThree CMG-3ESP sensors/seismometers (Guralp) 2009 Two are fairly good while one

is malfunctioningThree Trillium compact seismometers (Nanometrics)

2012 yes

24 channel Smartseis seismograph (geometrics) 2012* yesThree RT130 data loggers 2014 Being tested & look goodThree Le-3d/5sec sensors 1999 They need calibration

These listed above represent a sample of equipment available in the nine countries that comprise the entire network. The scope and type bear same resemblance.


b) Comment on needs of maintenance and repair.As spelt out earlier, maintenance work continues to offer a challenge to all National Data Centres due to inexperience in electronic repair work of the type rendered in seismics.

c) List below new equipment needed in the near future, with justification. Specify as far as possible.

Equipment needed Justification Estimated cost (Currency)


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14. Environmental impact

a) Indicate which of the following measures your group/network already has implemented to reduce negative environmental impact. Does your group/organization: Yes No

A strategy to reduce negative environmental impact caused by travelling and transportation? no

The use e-meeting techniques? noA strategy to reduce the use of electric power? noConsidering environment impact criteria in procurement? noPracticing sorting of waste categories for recycling? noA system for scrapping decommissioned equipment? yesA management system for chemical and hazardous waste? yesInternal discussion of how any negative environmental impact of your activities can be reduced?

no

Engagement in external activities – in research, dissemination and/or society outreach – on how negative environmental impacts may be reduced?

no

b) Follow-up question: Comment on the no-answers in the previous question, if any. What are the reasons why some measures have not been implemented? Are there plans to do it in the future? Are there structural obstacles, such as regulations or lack of regulation/technology, etc.? Also comment on the practicing of measures in general to reduce negative environmental impact.

The governments and indeed our society at large are not yet conscious of the need to protect the environment and where they are, it is not a priority. Discussions are on-going. We are currently comforted in that our research activities do not use material hazardous to the environment.

15. Future

a) Describe general plans for the future.The Group wishes to continue monitoring earthquakes within the region and exchange data.

b) Describe any planned changes in the strategy for development of activities. N/A

c) Have you taken any measures to increase the sustainability of your activities? If so which?National Governments are currently supporting the activities of the group in terms of equipment acquisition and maintenance and repair. In addition, they pay for the salaries of staff working on data. The Group is still working on possibilities of getting the governments on board to support activities of workshops.

16. Other information

a) Mention any problems or challenges, which may have impeded or delayed work.

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b) Provide any additional information. E.g. separate internal reports, pictures, or comments from performed activities, and such. Attach additional pages if necessary, or list additional enclosures provided or web pages referred to. If possible, adapt the resolution of any inserted pictures to reduce the size in order to facilitate electronic transfer of documents.

Abstract:On 31 March 2011 a 4.5 magnitude earthquake hit the eastern part of the Afar Triangle, and was located by the USGS at 13.17º N, 41.83º E, some 25 km southeast of Nabro volcano in southern Eritrea. A field trip was carried out on 15 May 2011 in Nabro and its surrounding areas to investigate the event. This work revealed a maximum intensity of VII (in the modified Mercalli scale) inside the caldera of Nabro volcano, where damages to housing and ground cracks were observed. No such features were observed in the USGS epicentral region. As local seismic data for the region are sparse (the nearest permanent seismic station is about 200 km away), and given the preliminary nature of the USGS epicentral location, intensity data were used to constrain the location of the event at the point where maximum intensity was observed, which is located at 13.33º N, 41.68º E. The significance of the relocation is reviewed in the context of the eruption of Nabro volcano on the night of 12 – 13 June 2011, suggesting that the earthquake might have initiated the eruption process.

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