Webometrics and Bibliometrics

Webometrics and BibliometricsAdam Eubanks, Alethea Thomas, Amelia Nicholson, Andrew Young, Eileen LawtonWebometrics and BibliometricsPresentation ContentsBibliometrics An introduction to BibliometricsThe quantification of bibliographical data The Evolution of Bibliometrics The development of webometricsScientometrics, cybermetrics and webometricsA comparison of link and URL citation counting Mike Thelwall An examination of URL citations

Webometrics Measuring the InternetAdvantages, disadvantages and uses

Webometrics The importance of webometricsEvaluating electonic media

Quantification of bibliographical data Connaway and Powell

Most common research method in Library and Information ScienceAvailability of computer databases and citation indexesBibliographic information stored in an accessible format

Utilizes mathematical and statistical methodsAnalyzes easily measurable properties of documentsAuthors, collaborators, institutions, retrieval process and publication patternsAn Introduction to BibliometricsBibliometricsThree Laws of BibliometricsLotkas LawFrequency that authors in a given field publishNumber of authors making n contributions is about 1/n2 of those making 1Zipfs LawFrequency of words in a textRank of a word multiplied by its frequency equals a constantBradfords LawAllows librarians to determine the number of core journals in a fieldSmall group: 1/3, Medium group: 1/3, Large group: 1/3An Introduction to BibliometricsBibliometricsEarly BibliometricsEarly use for identifying the influence of previous publicationsCreation of the Institute for Scientific InformationThe Science Citation Index - Eugene Garfield 1958Emergence as a Scientific fieldOther Indexes led to a new range of statisticsSocial Sciences Citation IndexArts and Humanities Citation IndexThe development of webometricsThe Evolution of BibliometricsNew Statistics:Aggregated publicationsAggregated citationsBibliometrics and the World Wide WebWebometrics measuring different components of the webAlmind and Ingwersen 1997: term first usedThe study of quantitative aspects of the construction and use of information resources structure and technologies on the web drawing on Bibliometrics and Informetrics approach Bjorneborn & IngwersenThe study of quantitative aspects of webpages or nodes Fugl Used by multiple disciplinesLibrary and Information ScienceComputer ScienceComputing and Information TechnologyThe development of webometricsThe Evolution of BibliometricsScientometricsThe application of those quantitative methods which are dealing with the analysis of science viewed as in information process Patra, Bhattacharya, and VermaFocuses on science related communicationMain information setsShort term impactInformation of long-term impactBasic scientific knowledgeCommon scientific knowledge

The development of webometricsThe Evolution of BibliometricsInfometricsExamines:Scattering of articles and journalsNew and obsolete documentsDistribution by country or languageThe quantitative analysis of information transferCybermetricsMathematical and statistical methods to quantify web sitesMeasures their growth stability, propagation and useStudies the efficiency of cyber information systems services and products

The development of webometricsThe Evolution of BibliometricsImpactProductivityInformation RetrievalThe relationship between the various metrics

The Evolution of BibliometricsThe development of Webometrics

Four main areas of research in the field of webometricsWeb link structure analysisCategorizes hyperlinks, internal links, external links, out-links, transversal links, reciprocal links and self-linksWeb page content analysisCategorizes web pages and textsWeb usage analysisExamines log files for users searching behaviorWeb technologyIncludes the performance of search engines with respect to information retrieval and supporting webometrics analysis Jalal, Biswas, and MukhopadhyayThe importance of webometricsWebometricsThe importance of webometricsIndexed Web included at least 9.36 billion web pagesDe Kunder - October 23, 2011These pages contain massive amounts of information of importance to the Library and Information Science communityHow the internet is usedWhat sources on the web are used most oftenHow researchers use the web The importance of webometricsWebometricsThe importance of webometricsOffers potential to identify obscure features of scientific researchUse of research results in teachingActual use of scientific web pagesUse by the general publicApplicationsStudying web clustering, web growth and web searchingThe Future of webometricsThe ability to examine where valuable information is accessedWhat articles or pages are cited most oftenCurrent thinking of researchersgrowth over timeThe importance of webometricsWebometricsExamines if URL Citation counts can replace link countsThis study systematically examines the difference between URL citation counts and link counts in a variety of online contextsLink AnalysisCan be used to measure the impact of online researchOrganizations, web sites, online journals and articlesWhat is the impact of removing link search tools from search enginesNon-academic, non-commercial, less well-linked sitesUsed search engines such as Google, AltaVista, Yahoo! And BingMike ThelwallA comparison of link and URL citation countingSearch EnginesGoogle restricted link searches and deliberately only reports a small fraction of the resultsYahoo! is the only search engines that remains accessible for these searchesPurchase by Microsoft might threaten these toolsRemoval of link analysis tools could make analysis difficultAlternative URL citations and text citationsMike ThelwallA comparison of link and URL citation countingURL Citation Is the mention of the URL of a web page in another page, whether or not it is accompanied by a hyperlink - ThelwallCan be searched using standard queriesCan be calculated by any search engineAnother option is searching for page titlesData collectionRetrieved a variety of data sets using Yahoo!Business websites, news organizations, manufacturers websites, life science sites, blogs, online magazines, and MySpaceURL usage in websites will vary by topic and type of siteMike ThelwallA comparison of link and URL citation countingResultsURL citations are less numerous than links on non-academic websitesOne URL citation for every ten linksOccasionally only links present.Thelwalls ConclusionWithout Advanced hyperlink queries, link analysis would be crippledOnly large scale link analysis and academic link analysis could be sustainedMany studies focused on the relationship between academic and non-academic websitesMike ThelwallA comparison of link and URL citation countingAnalyzing Thelwalls PaperThe GoodAnalyzed a wide variety of fields including fields inside and outside of Academic and business sitesStrong correlation between URL citations and academic websitesOutside academia, URL citations were far less availableThe BadLimited data sets - Only 15 case studiesHigh variance between data setsImpossible to predict the impact of switching from link to URL citation analysisE-mail links are still showing up in URL citation for university domainsMike ThelwallA comparison of link and URL citation countingAnalyzing Thelwalls PaperFinal ThoughtsRepeatable While repeatable, results may vary due to constant changes to the internetAn initial investigation to assess the extent that URL citations could be usedWhat kind of results would a larger data set revealMike ThelwallA comparison of link and URL citation countingOther UsesSocial network AnalysisHypertext searchMedia StudiesConstruction of websites and web directoriesAllows the Tracking of:Usage patternsStructure of linksChanges in the contents of web pagesMeasuring the InternetWebometricsWebometric StudiesDifferent ScopesFocus on a cluster of web pages or the number of times a URL is citedHow people research on the web by following link patternsStudy social networking and its impact on research of ongoing communications and collaboration between scholarsBenefits of webometricsInformation can be added to the web rapidlyWeb contains more than just articles and booksCan be used to identify researchers whose online work is successfulMeasuring the InternetWebometricsWebometric StudiesDisadvantagesData can be shiftingWeb pages disappear or change URLs change Documents can become inaccessibleFuture of webometricsExpansion of scholarly databases with citation indexesScientific approach to analyzing the internet built on a heavy foundationInformation can be as varied and rich as the web itselfMeasuring the InternetWebometricsQuestions?ReferencesBjrneborn, L., & Ingwerson, P. (2004). Toward a Basic Framework for Webometrics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55(14), 1216-27. doi: 10.1002/asi.20077

Connaway, Lynn & Powell, R. (2010). Basic Research Methods for Librarians. Libraries Unlimited. Santa Barbara, CA. ( p. 81).

De Kunder, Maurice. (2011). The size of the World Wide Web (The Internet.) Retrieved from www.worldwidewebsize.com.

Fugl, L. D. (2001). Fundamental methodologies and tools for the employment of webometric analyses. The Royal School of Library and Information Science, Denmark.

Ikpaahindi, Linus. (1987). An overview of bibliometrics: Its measurements, laws and their implications.

Jalal, S., Biswas, S., & Mukhopadhyay, P. (2009). Bibliometrics to Webometrics. Information Studies, 15(1), 3-20. Retrieved from Library Lit & Inf Full Text database

Lotka, Alfred J. (1926). The frequency distribution of scientific productivity. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 16 (12) 317-324.

Patra, S., Bhattacharya, P. P., & Verma, N. (2006). Bibliometric study of literature on bibliometrics. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, 26(1), 27-32.

Sen, B.K. (2001). Cybermetrics-meaning, definition, scope and constituents. Baghirathi. retrieved from hbagirithi.iitr.ac.in/dspace/bitstream/123456789/437/1/B.K.SenPap14Cyber.pdf

Thelwall, M. (2011). A comparison of link and URL citation counting. Aslib Proceedings, 63(4), 419-25. doi: 10.1108/00012531111148985

Vinkler, P. (2002). The institutionalization of scientific information: a scientometric model (ISI-S model). Library Trends, 50(3), 553-69. Retrieved from Library Lit & Inf Full Text database