Week 11Week 11

The Environment;Globalization

11/7/200511/7/2005 22

Review: Week 10Review: Week 10• Relations Between Developing and

Developed Nation-States– Competing theoretical views– Strategies of development– Historical and Future Issues

• The Politics of Oil– OPEC– Other commodity producers

11/7/200511/7/2005 33

OutlineOutline• The Environment

– Two approaches to management– A Security Issue– Rio and Kyoto protocols

• Globalization: Non-state actors– Effects on states– Types of influence

11/7/200511/7/2005 44

Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons• Self-interested behavior makes

everyone worse off– Benefits are concentrated– Costs are diffuse

• Analogy: “commons” in English village

11/7/200511/7/2005 55

Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons• http://www.odu.edu/~dearnest/abm/

commons.html

11/7/200511/7/2005 66

Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons• Two approaches

– International regimes– Market Solutions

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DisparitiesDisparities• Developed World

– 17 percent of population

– 12.4 metric tons of CO2 emission per person

– 5,421 kg of oil per capita

• Developing World– 83 percent of the

population– 2.2 metric tons per

person– 968 kg of oil per

capita

Source: World Development Indicators 2005, World Bank

11/7/200511/7/2005 88

A Security IssueA Security Issue• Economic impacts• Cross-border

effects• Competition for

scarce resources

11/7/200511/7/2005 99

International EffortsInternational Efforts• CFC Agreement• Rio Summit 1992• Kyoto Summit 1997

– Market-based solutions

11/7/200511/7/2005 1010

““Ecocide”Ecocide”• Former Soviet

Union• China today?

11/7/200511/7/2005 1111

““Non-state” actorsNon-state” actors• Review

– International organizations– NGOs– Networks

11/7/200511/7/2005 1212

““Non-state” actorsNon-state” actors• Effects on states

– Constrain behavior– Define/re-define interests

11/7/200511/7/2005 1313

Four types of influenceFour types of influence• Knowledge

11/7/200511/7/2005 1414

Four types of influenceFour types of influence• Money

11/7/200511/7/2005 1515

Four types of influenceFour types of influence• Organizational

power

11/7/200511/7/2005 1616

Four types of influenceFour types of influence• Legitimacy/moral

authority