What does the term Gilded What does the term Gilded mean?mean?

““Gilded Age”Gilded Age”

Corruption during Grant’s Administration (1868-1876)

Federal Government

1. Fisk, Gould – Gold Market 1869

2. Credit Mobilier 1868-1872

3. “Whiskey Ring” 1875

4. Belknap and Indians 1876

Local Government

“Boss Tweed” – Tammany Hall - Prime example of local corruption through political machine (Nast)

Election of 1872 Liberal Republicans – Greely Democrats – Greely Republicans - Grant -Wins – Waving the Bloody Shirt Some reform in government

“Like many American third parties, the Liberal Republicans left some enduring footprints, even in defeat” (American Pageant) How???

Election of 1868 Grant defeats Seymour

Impact of Freedmen?

Hard TimesHard Times1. Over-expansion and bad loans 1873 – Economic Depression Banking Collapse Jay Cook Freedmens Savings and Loan2. Soft Money (Inflation) Hard Money (Deflation) Debate Resumption Act of 1875 Crime of ’73 Bland Allison Act ’78 Greenback Labor Party ’783. Hayes Elected – Compromise 18774. Great RR Strike 1877 – Hayes sends in federal troops

Spoils System and Garfield’s Spoils System and Garfield’s AssassinationAssassination8:308:30

Gilded Age Elections – Turnout? Issues?

1880 election

Halfbreeds

Stalwarts

Garfield Assassination – Chester Arthur

Pendleton Acts - Civil Service ReformMakes compulsory campaign contributions illegal - shifts source of campaign

funds from party loyalists to corporations – begins civil service testing

Explain the meaning of the cartoon.

Ethnic Tensions IncreaseEthnic Tensions Increase8:408:40

Hard Times - look for a scapegoat

West - Chinese Immigration

Chinese Exclusion Act (Hayes veto Arthur signed ‘82)

U.S. v Wong Kim Ark: Native Born = citizen

South-

Redeemer Governments gradually pass Jim Crow laws – disenfranchisement, segregation, lynching, sharecropping

1884 Election1884 Election8:458:45

Cleveland v Blaine

Mugwumps

Rum Romanism and Rebellion

Tariff

Civil Service

Mudslinging/ Mulligan letters v Ma Ma…

Cleveland’s Administration 85-88Cleveland’s Administration 85-888:558:55

Limited Gov’t - President as Executive – Bourbon Democrat

Civil Service Reform?TariffGAR PensionsTexas FarmersDawes ActHaymarketInterstate Commerce ActReacquisition of Railroad Land

Cleveland loses to Benjamin Cleveland loses to Benjamin HarrisonHarrison

1888 Issues1888 Issues

Bloody Shirt

Tariff

Pensions for Civil War Veterans

Harrison’s Term Harrison’s Term 9:039:03

Billion Dollar Congress

McKinley Tariff 1890

Sherman Anti-trust Act 1890

Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890

Populist Party Formed 1890

Homestead Steel Strike(?) 1892

Cleveland’s Second TermCleveland’s Second Term Election of 1892 – Cleveland v Harrison v Weaver Democratic Split Bourbon(Gold) v Silver Democrats Rise of Populists – Platform? Depression 1893 Silver Act Repealed! J.P. Morgan rescues the treasury Coxey’s Army Wilson-Gorman Tariff (income tax) Pullman Strike- 1894

Election of 1896Election of 1896

Republicans – McKinley – Gold Standard, Tariff, Mark Hanna

Democrats – Split over silver

Byran “Cross of Gold Speech”

Some support McKinley

Populists - Bryan

Farmers Organize Farmers Organize Read Pageant 613-623Read Pageant 613-623

Greenback Labor Party Grange Self Help - Cooperatives State Laws – Granger Laws Munn v Illinois Wabash v Illinois Federal Law ICA 1887

Formation of Populist PartyFormation of Populist Party Farmers Alliance – 1880s Segregated in South Mary Lease, Ignatius DonnellyEvolves into Populist Party - Platform Nationalize RR, Telephone and Telegraph Abolish national banks Graduated Income Tax Free and Unlimited coinage of silver – national currency Government Owned Crop Warehouses and loans for

farmers Secret Ballot, Initiative, Referendum, Direct election of

Senators and President 8 hour workday, some immigration restrictions 4. Populist Party Elections 92 Weaver 96 Bryan???

18961896

ResultsMcKinley Takes overGold Discovered in AlaskaSpanish American WarRacism intensifies in the south Populist party ends