what in the world is ethics? n. yasemin yalim, md. phd professor of bioethics ankara university...

WHAT IN THE WORLD IS ETHICS?

N. Yasemin YALIM, MD. PhDProfessor of Bioethics

Ankara University School of Medicine

PHILOSOPHY …

is love of wisdom and the search after knowledge, especially of the cause of natural phenomena, the facts or the truth of the universe, and the meaning of existence.

It is the reflection of the human curiosity and desire for knowledge.

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AREAS OF STUDY IN PHILOSOPHY

Ontology; refers to the subject of existence. It consists of descriptions of the concepts and relationships that can exist for an agent or a community of agents.

Epistemology; is the theory of knowledge – its definitions, varieties, sources, and limits.

Aesthetics; is the theory of beauty.

Ethics; is the study of moral values.


MAIN ETHICAL QUESTIONS

What is “good” and “bad”? How come they are possible?

What is “right” and “wrong”? How come they are possible?

Is there a universal and/or absolute “good” or “bad”?

How can the human mind distinguish “right” from “wrong”?


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VALUE and VALUES

Value; is a criterion or a quality – both desired and awarded.

It is the special place of an entity amongst other entities of the same kind.

Human Values; are human facts realized by the work or lives of the mankind. They are the potentials of human ontology manifested by individuals.


VALUES

EconomicalValues

AestheticalValues

Moral (Ethical)Values


MORAL VALUES

PersonalValues

CulturalValues

ProfessionalValues


MORAL VALUES

do not have concrete effects, like obtaining a practical result or hindering a necessity.

Their effect depends on abstract factors, like

emotional investments,

beliefs and

priorities.


MORALITY

Morals is the way that a person sets about achieving the values which (s)he seeks to express in a certain situation.

Ethics means the theory of right and wrong conduct; morality, its practice.


MORAL DILEMMAS

Valid evidence indicates that A is right.

Valid evidence indicates that A is wrong.

DO A

DON’T DON’T DO A

Valid evidence indicates that A is right.

Valid evidence indicates that B is right.

DO A

DODO B BUT


SYSTEMATICAL ETHICAL REFLECTION

Ethical Consciousness: To perceive the ethical issue

Ethical Sensitivity: To decide to reflect on the issue

Define the dilemma Collect the data necessary for evaluation List of possible actions Evaluate possible actions Decide what to do (Search for advice if

necessary) Realize what you decide Re-evaluate your decision


MAIN TARGET

is to conduct an action which

protects more of the values

and

sacrifices the least of the values

Ioanna Kucuradi


MORAL DEVELOPMENT(Kohlbergian Theory)

Pre-conventional Level

Conventional Level

Post-Conventional Level

(Moral Maturity)


what in the world is ethics? n. yasemin yalim, md. phd professor of bioethics ankara university...

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