what is normal aging? changes in the various systems – cardiac – respiratory –...

What is normal aging?• Changes in the various systems– Cardiac– Respiratory– Gastrointestinal– Musculoskeletal– Neurological– Sensory– Endocrine– Genitourinary/Reproductive– Integumentary

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CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES• Changes in blood vessel walls, heart valves• Decreased cardiac output• Decreased peripheral circulation• Increased systolic blood pressure• Increased pulmonary vascular tension

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RESPIRATORY CHANGES• Decreased cough reflex• Decreased cilia ( removal of airway irritants)• Decreased vital capacity • Fewer alveoli• Increased chest wall rigidity/airway resistance

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GASTROINTESTINAL CHANGES• Decrease in saliva, gastric secretions, and pancreatic enzymes • Smooth muscle changes

-decreased esophageal peristalsis -decreased small intestinal motility• Periodontal disease

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MUSCULOSKELETAL• Decreased muscle mass and strength• Decalcification of bones• Degenerative joint changes

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NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES

• Degeneration of nerve cells• Decrease in neurotransmitters• Decrease in rate of conduction of impulses

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SENSORY CHANGESEYE- accommodation to near/far; lens changes

EARS-loss of acuity; tympanic membrane changes

TASTE- often diminished with fewer taste buds

SMELL-often diminished

TOUCH- skin receptors

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ENDOCRINE CHANGES• GENERAL-hormone production altered• THYROID- decreased secretion• THYMUS-involution of thymus gland• CORTISOL- anti-inflammatory hormone• PANCREAS- secretion of enzymes & hormones

GENITOURINARY/REPRODUCTIVEURINARY- fewer nephrons -decreased bladder capacity Male- enlarged prostate Female- reduced sphincter toneREPRODUCTIVE Male- sperm count diminishes - smaller testes Female- degeneration of female organs - decreased estrogen production

INTEGUMENTARY CHANGES• Loss of skin elasticity• Pigmentation changes• Glandular atrophy• Thinning hair• Atrophy of epidermal arterioles

what is normal aging? changes in the various systems – cardiac – respiratory –...

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