what’s yours in mine: intellectual property and copyright for the magazine media publisher jim...
TRANSCRIPT
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What’s Yours In Mine: Intellectual Property and Copyright For the Magazine
Media Publisher
Jim SawtellePartner and Co-leader, Media, Publishing and
Marketing GroupBryan Cave, LLC
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
Only one thing is impossible for God: To find any sense in any copyright law on the planet.
Mark Twain
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Copyright Basics– Title 17 United States Code– Copyright Act gives the owner exclusive
rights to:• Reproduce the work• Prepare derivative works• Perform the work publicly• Display the work publicly
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
– Who Can Claim Copyright?• The author• Those deriving rights from the author• The employer of the author, if a “work made for
hire”
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• What is a “work made for hire”?– A work prepared by an employee within the
scope of their employment; or– A work specially ordered or commissioned
for use as:• A contribution to a collective work• Others specified uses, including A/V work
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• What Works Are Protected by Copyright Law?– Literary Works– Pictorial or Graphic Works (photos)– Musical Works– Motion Pictures and other A/V Works– Sound Recordings
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Doctrine of “Fair Use”– Limitation on Copyright Protection– Copyright Act contains a list of the various
purposes for which the reproduction of a particular work may be considered fair • Criticism• Comment• News reporting• Teaching• Scholarship• Research
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Doctrine of “Fair Use”– Factors to Consider
• Purpose and character of the use, including whether commercial or is for nonprofit educational purposes
• The nature of the copyrighted work• The amount and substantiality of the portion used in
relation to the copyrighted work as a whole• The effect of the use upon the potential market for, or
value of, the copyrighted work
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Doctrine of “Fair Use”– What is fair use and what is infringement in
a particular case will not always be clear – There are no specific number of words,
lines, or notes that may safely be taken without permission
– Acknowledging the source of the copyrighted material does not substitute for obtaining permission or make it “Fair Use”
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• How to Secure a Copyright– No registration in the Copyright Office is
required– Copyright is automatically secured when
the work is “created” (fixed in a tangible form of expression so that it can be perceived)
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• What Works Are Not Protected By Copyright Law?– Titles, Names, Slogans– Ideas, Procedures, Methods, Concepts– “Common Property”
• Calendars• Height and weight charts• Measures
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Publication
– No longer required to secure protection
• May be important for other reasons (i.e., may determine the duration of protection)
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Notice of Copyright: ©– No longer required to secure protection – Why include ©?
• Informs public that the work is protected• Identifies the copyright owner• Shows date of first publication• Defeats defense of innocent infringement
– No permission required from Copyright Office before including notice.
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• How Long Does Copyright Protection Endure?– Author’s Life + 70 years (post 1/1/78)– “Works made for hire”
• 95 years from publication, or• 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Transfer of Copyright– Some or all of owner’s exclusive rights may be
transferred– Most common forms of transfer
• License• Assignment
– Transfer of exclusive rights must be in writing and signed by owner or their agent
– Transfer of nonexclusive rights may be enforceable though not in writing
– Need not be recorded with Copyright Office, but may be advantageous to validate rights, re: others
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• International Copyright Protection– No such thing as an “International
Copyright”– Protection depends on the national laws of
that country– Most countries do offer protection of
foreign works
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Copyright Registration with U.S. Copyright Office– Not a requirement for protection– Advantages to registration
• Public record of copyright claim• Necessary in order to file infringement suit• If before or within 5 years of publication, prima facie
evidence of validity• If within 3 months of publication or prior to infringement,
statutory damages and attorneys fees are available• Allows protection against importation of infringing copies
through registration with U.S. Customs Service
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Registration Procedures– Online: www.copyright.gov– Paper– Required submissions:
• Application Form• Filing Fee• Deposit
– Cost: $35-65
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Frequent Legal Issues for Publishers– Properly obtaining legal rights from
authors.– License– Assignment (complete ownership)
• Best Practice:– Adopt and maintain good contracting / licensing
practices before accepting work for publication
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Frequent Legal Issues for Publishers– Protecting copyrights obtained/controlled
• Use of Copyright Notice:
© (date of pub), (name of owner)• Registration
– Required to bring suit for infringement
• Best Practice:– Implement proper systems for protecting owned or
controlled copyrights
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Frequent Legal Issues for Publishers– Infringement
• When work acquired contains infringing material (innocent infringement)
• When others are infringing on copyright controlled by publisher (enforcement)
• Best Practice:– Due diligence to contributors with appropriate
representations and warranties– Cease and desist measures directed at infringer
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Intellectual Property and Copyright
• Remedies for Infringement– Injunctive Relief– Statutory Damages– Profits– Attorney Fees