wholesaling and retailin1

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Topic WHOLESALING AND RETAILING

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. Rohit Bansal RAHUL MIGLANI

(Astt. Prof.MBA deptt.) Roll no- 39

Vaish College of Engineering

(Rohtak)


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Contents

Introduction of wholesaling and retailing 1

Wholesaling 2

Kinds of wholesaler 3-4

The challenging landscope of wholesaling 5

Trends in wholesaling profitability 5-6

Functions 6-9

Retailing 10-12

Challenges facing Indian retail industry 12

Functions 13-14

Trends 15-18

Distinguish b/w wholesaling and retailing 18

Reference 19


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Wholesaling and Retailing

Introduction

Wholesaling jobbing, or distributing, is defined as the sale of goods ormerchandise to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional, or other professionalbusiness users, or to other wholesalers and related subordinated services. [1] In general, it isthe sale of goods to anyone other than a standard consumer.

Further In the banking industry "wholesale" usuallyrefers to wholesale banking, providing tailored services to large customers, in contrast withretail banking, providing standardized services to large numbers of smaller customers.Often wholesellers are not required to charge their buyers sales tax, though sometimes theymay be required to (or may per discretion) charge a special wholesale tax

Retailconsists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a fixed location, such asa department store, boutique or kiosk, or by mail, in small or individual lots for direct

consumption by the purchaser. Further

In commerce, a "retailer" buys goods orproducts inlarge quantities from manufacturers or importers, either directly or through a wholesaler,and then sells smaller quantities to theend-user. The term "retailer" is also applied where aservice provider services the needs of a large number of individuals, such as a publicutility, like electric power. Retail establishments are often called shops or stores like

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchandisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesale#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesale_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retail_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-userhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-userhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchandisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesale#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesale_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retail_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutiquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-userhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power


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self-servicestore

Further they can be store retaiers,nonstore retailers and retail organisation

.WHOLESALER are successful only if they are able to serve the needs of theircustomers, who may be retailers or other wholesalers. Some of the marketing features ofwholesalers to their buyers include:

Provide producer's goods in an appropriate quantity for resale by buyers.

Provide wider geographical access and diversity in obtaining goods.

Ensure and maintain a quality dimension with the goods that are being obtained

and resold.

Provide cost-effectiveness by reducing the number of producer contacts needed.

Provide ready access to a supply of goods.

Assemble and arrange goods of a compatible nature from a number of producers

for resale.

Minimize buyer transportation costs by buying goods in larger quantities and

distributing them in smaller amounts for resale.

Work with producers to understand and appreciate consumerism in their

production process.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_service


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Kinds of wholesaler

a) merchant / pure wholesaler

Merchant wholesalers are firms engaged primarily in buying, taking title to, storing, andphysically handling products in relatively large quantities and reselling the products insmaller quantities to retailers; industrial, commercial, or institutional concerns; and otherwholesalers. These types of wholesaling agents are known by several different names,

including wholesaler, jobber, pure wholesaler , distributor, industrial distributor, supplyhouse, assembler, importer, and exporter, depending on their services.

According to E. Jerome McCarthy and William D. Perreault Jr., authors ofBasicMarketing, Merchant wholesalers also differin how many of thwholesaling functions theyprovide. There are two basic kinds of merchant wholesalers: 1) service (sometimescalledfull-service wholesalers) and 2) limited-function or limited-service wholesalers."The latter category of wholesalers, whichitself is divided up into little niches, offervarying levels of service in such areas as product delivery, credit bestowal, inventorystorage, provision of market or advisory information, and sales

b) agents , retailers ,brokers , and commisionmerchant wholesaler

Agents, brokers, and commission merchants are also independent middlemen who do not(for the most part) take title to the goods in which they deal, but instead are activelyinvolved in negotiating and other functions of buying and selling while acting on behalfof their clients (commission merchants typically are limited to agricultural goods). Theyare usually compensated in the form of commissions on sales or purchases. Agents,brokers, and commission merchants usually represent the non-competing products of anumber of manufacturers to several retailers. This category of wholesaler is particularlypopular with producers with limited capital who can not afford to maintain their own

sales forces.

c) manufactres sales branches and officeManufacturers' sales branches and offices are owned and operated by manufacturers butare physically separated from manufacturing plants. They are used primarily for thepurpose of distributing the manufacturers' own products at the wholesale level. Some


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have warehousing facilities where inventories are maintained, while others are merely 3sales offices. Some of them also wholesale allied and supplementary products purchasedfrom other manufacturers

d) specialty wholesaler

These are service wholesalers who carry a very narrow range of products and offermore information and service than other service wholesalers. A consumer productsspecialty wholesaler might carry only health foods or oriental foods instead of a full lineof groceries. Or a specialty wholesaler might carry only automotive items and sellexclusively to mass-merchandisers. Specialty wholesalers often know a great deal aboutthe final target markets in their channel. For example, Advanced Marketing is the leadingwholesale supplier of books to membership warehouse clubs. The company offershardcover best sellers, popular paperbacks, basic reference books, cookbooks, and travelbooks. Consumers in different geographic areas are interested in different kinds of books

and that affects what books will sell in a particular store.

e)cash and carry wholesaler.

These wholesalers operate like service wholesalers except that the customer must paycash. Some retailers, such as small auto repair shops, are too small to be served profitablyby a service wholesaler. So service wholesalers set a minimum charge or just refuse togrant credit to a small business that may have trouble paying its bills. Or the wholesalermay set up a cash-and-carry department to supply the small retailer for cash on thecounter. The wholesaler can operate at lower cost because the retailers take over manywholesaling functions. And using cash-and-carry outlets may enable the small retailer tostay in business. These cash-and-carry operators are especially common in less-developed nations where very small retailers handle the bulk of retail transactions.Truckwholesalers. These wholesalers specialize in delivering products that they stock in theirown trucks. By handling perishable products in general demand tobacco, candy, potatochips, and salad dressings truck wholesalers may provide almost the same functions asfull-service wholesalers. Their big advantage is that they deliver perishable products thatregular wholesalers prefer not to carry. Some truck wholesalers operate 24 hours a day,every day and deliver an order within hours. A 7-Eleven store that runs out of potatochips on a busy Friday night doesnt want to be out of stock all weekend!Mail-orderwholesalers. These wholesalers sell out of catalogs that may be distributed widely tosmaller industrial customers or retailers who might not be called on by other middlemen.These wholesalers operate in the hardware, jewelry, sporting goods, and generalmerchandise lines. For example, Inmac uses a catalog to sell a complete line of 3,000different computer accessories and supplies. Inmacs catalogs are printed in six languagesand distributed to business customers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom,Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, and France. Many of these customers especiallythose in smaller towns dont have a local wholesaler. 4
http://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/http://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/http://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/http://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/


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The challenging landscope of wholesaling

The future of wholesaling appears somewhat ambiguous. One major force affectingwholesaler activity is growth in the power of retail chain stores. The continued mergersand acquisitions taking place between similar regional chains since 1970 means thatindependent retailers will have a lesser need for wholesalers. The emergence of theInternet as a sales tool has also impacted wholesalers, many of whom are struggling to

adopt profitable methodologies that make use of this new medium. Another negativefactor has been an increased emphasis, on the part of both manufacturers and end users,on cutting distribution costs. However, there is a countervailing force at work in thatretailing is becoming increasingly fragmented as more and more specialized retailerscater to specialized market niches. As this specialization continues, using wholesalersbecomes the most cost-efficient way for manufacturers to cover fragmented retailermarket segments. The wholesaler is able to bundle several manufacturers' items intocombinations that can all be sold through the specialist outlet. In most cases, wholesalerswill capitalize on market opportunities among specialized, independent retailers whilethey lose ground to chains buying directly from manufacturers. Many wholesalers haveadapted nicely by becoming efficient importers, upgrading their operations with

computers, improving inventory handling, and automating their warehouses.

TRENDS IN WHOLESALING

PROFITABILTY

Wholesale trends are one of the most important pieces of news that eBay sellers shouldbe monitoring. Wholesale trends are the changes in demand for products being sold in themarketplace. These trends also include the introduction and demand for new wholesale

products into the marketplace

eBay sellers of all types need to monitor these changing wholesale trends. By seeing whatis becoming popular and what is losing in popularity, eBay sellers will be able to knowwhat products they should be buying and selling Here are three great methods formonitoring wholesale trends. Remember that you want to be able to anticipate productdemand before your fellow eBay sellers do. This is especially important if you want to beselling on eBay popular products before other eBay sellers start catching on.


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Wholesale Trend Monitoring Tip #1

Movies. When a new movie is released you can expect a great deal of marketing to beinvolved. By the time the movie hits the screens you can expect thousands of enthusiasticfans to be familiar with the movie. You can expect that products related to the movie willbe strong sellers on eBay.

Wholesale Trend Monitoring Tip #2

Magazines. Popular culture magazines are the first ones to showcase a new producthitting the marketplace. Often they will cover the development of a product that theypredict will be very popular. And sometimes the magazines themselves create demand fora product by publishing a glowing review of the prod

FUNCTIONS

Collection of goods:

Collection of goods is the very first work of wholesaler. He collects huge quantity

of goods at wholesale from the producer. The function of purchasing goods is

very much important to the wholesaler. His amount of profit largely depends on

his purchasing capacity.

2. Warehousing:

Another important function of a wholesaler is to store and retain largequantities of goods which reduce the cost to the manufacturer. The wholesaler

adds on a margin for this facility and this margin becomes part of the cost to the

retailer. Wholesaler markets his goods according to their demand.


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3. Marketing:

Thirdly, the wholesaler divides the collected goods into small lots and supplies

them to retailers. The wholesaler is able to assist the manufacturer as well as the

retailer by breaking down the goods from large portions to smaller, saleable

quantities. The wholesaler has to do some more works other than collecting,

storing and marketing of goods.

4. Transportation:

Wholesalers can provide quicker delivery to buyers because they are closer than

the producers. The wholesaler is often able to transport the goods to retailers

which is an important advantage to the smaller retail firms. Retailers can then

attend to the warehouse and buy as required.


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5. Standardization, gradation and packaging:

After standardizing the collected goods received from the producer thewholesaler grades the goods according to standard and then supply them to the

retailers. Besides before sending of goods to the retailers, there is the necessity of

proper packing. Now-a-days separate expert business organizations are found in

standardization and packaging of goods

.

6. Promotion:

Wholesalers salesforces help manufacturers reach many small customers at a

low cost. The wholesaler has more contacts and is often more trusted by the

buyer than the distant manufacturer. The wholesaler is able to market theproduct to the retailer on behalf of the manufacturer. This involves a promotion

that is calculated to inform retailers of products that they hold available for sale.

7. Risk bearing:

The wholesaler buys finished goods from the producer and keeps them in the

warehouses till they are sold. Therefore, he assumes the risks arising out of

changes in demand, rise in price, spoilage or destruction of goods. Wholesalers

also absorb credit risk by allowing retailers to buy on credit

.

8. Market information

Wholesalers give information to suppliers and customers about competitors, new

products, and price developments. The wholesaler is in a position to give


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feedback to the manufacturer on the success or otherwise of the goods that have

been supplied to the retailer for consumers.

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9. Variety:

Because a wholesaler can stock a lot of different types of goods from a number of

manufacturers, the retailer is able to call into the warehouse and purchase from

a larger selection.

10. Buys in Bulk & Breaks Bulk:

They are able to buy from the manufacturer in bulk and not only store, but

break down the bulk into small portions which can be sold to the retailer before

it goes on the market. This facility of being able to sell smaller quantities to a

larger retailer is an important function of being a wholesaler.

11. Price Fixation:

The final prices to be charged to customers are set by the wholesalers. In thisway a wholesaler tries to prevent a fluctuation in prices.

12. Financing:

The wholesaler provides financial support to producers and manufacturers by

sending money in advance to them. He also sells goods to the retailer on credit.

Thus, at both ends the wholesaler acts as a financier.


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retailing

The retail businessoffers products to consumers through a variety of venues.You can purchase just about anything you need in a mall, grocery store, discountwarehouse or online. Some retailers sell exclusively through catalogs, and a few stillsell products door to door. There are many different types of retailers offering goodsand services both online and in your neighborhood

1)Retail Sales Agent

A retail sales agent discusses products with customers, helps customers with

purchasing decisions and maintains copies of customer transactions. According to aJune 2010 Michigan Jobs and Portal report, retail sales agent specialties includehousehold appliance and sewing machine sales persons. Employers hire candidateswith a high school or general equivalency diploma for sales training programs or hireindividuals with an associate's degree in business operations. A June 2010 SimplyHired reports shows a retail sales agent earns an average annual income of $22,000.

2) Merchandising Team Associate
http://www.ehow.com/business/http://www.ehow.com/business/http://www.ehow.com/business/


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A merchandising team associate greets customers, cleans store stock rooms andassists retail buyers or merchandising managers. Some team associates compile and process merchandise returns to retail vendors or store suppliers. Candidates 10

high school or general equivalency diploma receive on-the-job training or candidates

have prior retail experience. Employers look for candidates with customer serviceskills and a willingness to work non-traditional hours, such as weekends. Salariesvary greatly based on seniority.

3)Loss Prevention Retail Manager

A loss prevention retail manager helps stores to reduce financial losses. Types oflosses involve arson, shoplifting, employee theft or sabotage of company property.The manager develops loss prevention policies, tracks reported losses and calculatesthe amounts for legal reports. Some retail employers hire candidates with a criminal justice bachelor's degree. This degree provides information on conducting legal

investigations and working with law enforcement. A June 2010 Career Builder Salaryreport shows a loss prevention retail manager earns an average annual salary of$76,173.

4) Divisional Merchandise Manager

A division merchandise manager assists retail organizations with sales, inventory andmarketing goals. The merchandise manager researches retail competitors, prepareswritten merchandise stock guidelines and evaluates employee performance. Retailemployers hire candidates with business management, retail management ormarketing degrees. These professionals require financial, communication and

motivational skills. Candidates must travel to different store locations and acceptworking non-traditional hours, including evenings. According to a June 2010 reporton Career Builder Salary, a divisional merchandise manager earns an average annualsalary of $86,052

Further these are.

High-service retailers.

They are those retailers who provide a large or selective choice of merchandise with

the elements of service, location and other kinds of attractive features which otherregular retailers don't offer to their customers.

Price Focus retailers.

These retailers have their main focus on low prices, which is a point of immenseattraction for most customers.
http://www.blurtit.com/q826815.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q826815.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q826815.html


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Convenience retailers.These retailers neither focus on services nor on low prices. In lieu they offer

convenience to their customers in terms of location and accessibility.

The last class of retailers are One-stop-shopping retailers.

They are all-rounders in the retailing business and provide all of the above-mentioned features to their customers along with an offering of eclectic range of

merchandise

.

The Indian retail industry is the fifth largest in the world. Comprisingof organized and unorganized sectors, India retail industry is one of the fastestgrowing industries in India, especially over the last few years. Though initially, theretail industry in India was mostly unorganized, however with the change of tastesand preferences of the consumers, the industry is getting more popular these days andgetting organized as well. With growing market demand, the industry is expected togrow at a pace of 25-30% annually.

Challenges facing Indian retail industry

a) The tax structure in India favors small retail business

b) Lack of adequate infrastructure facilities

c) High cost of real estate

d) Dissimilarity in consumer groups

e) Restrictions in Foreign Direct Investment

f) Shortage of retail study options
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g) Shortage of trained manpower

h) Low retail management skill

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Functions

.

Sorting

Manufacturers usually make one or a variety of products and would like to sell theirentire inventory to a few buyers to redu7ce costs. Final consumers, in contrast, prefer a

large variety of goods and services to choose from and usually buy them in smallquantities. Retailers are able to balance the demands of both sides, by collection anassortment of goods from different sources, buying them in sufficiently large quantitiesand selling them to consumers in small units.

The above process is referred to as the sorting process. Through this process, retailersundertake activities and perform functions that add to the value of the products andservices sold to the consumer. Supermarkets in the US offer, on and average, 15,000different items from 500 companies. Customers are able to choose from a wide range ofdesigns, sizes and brands from just one location. If each manufacturer had a separatestore for its own products, customers would have to visit several stores to complete their

shopping. While all retailers offer an assortment, they specialize in types of assortmentoffered and the market to which the offering is made. Westside provides clothing andaccessories, while a chain like Nilgiris specializes in food and bakery items. ShoppersStop targets the elite urban class, while Pantaloons is targeted at the middle class.

.Holding Stock

Retailers also offer the service of holding stock for the manufacturers. Retailers maintainan inventory that allows for instant availability of the product to the consumers. It helpsto keep prices stable and enables the manufacturer to regulate production. Consumers cankeep a small stock of products at home as they know that this can be replenished by the

retailer and can save on inventory carrying costs.

Channel of Communication

Retailers also act as the channel of communication and information between thewholesalers or suppliers and the consumers. From advertisements, salespeople anddisplay, shoppers learn about the characteristics and features of a product or servicesoffered. Manufacturers, in their turn, learn of sales forecasts, delivery delays, and


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customer complaints. The manufacturer can then modify defective or unsatisfactorymerchandise and services.

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Transport and Advertising Functions

Small manufacturers can use retailers to provide assistance with transport, storage,advertising and pre-payment of merchandise. This also works the other way round in casethe number of retailers is small. The number of functions performed by a particularretailer has a direct relation to the percentage and volume of sales needed to cover boththeir costs and profits.

Breaking Bulk

Breaking bulk is another function performed by retailing. The word retailing is derivedfrom the French word retailer, meaning to cut a piece off. To reduce transportationcosts, manufacturers and wholesalers typically ship large cartons of the product, whichare then tailored by the retailers into smaller quantities to meet individual consumptionneeds


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Trends

Retail industry is continuously going through changes on account of liberalization,

globalization and consumer preferences. While multinational retail chains are looking fornew markets, manufacturers are identifying, redefining, or evolving new retail formats.The existing retail houses are also gearing up to face the emerging competition from theorganized sector and the changing outlook of the consumers. For example, consumerspending is shifting from goods to services. Accordingly the retailers too are fastadjusting to the changing consumer preferences.


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Consumers are not only looking for the core products or functional benefits from theretailers but also the non-functional benefits, which need to be compatible with theirlifestyles. For example, most of the traditional eating joints in India such as Haldiram,Bikaner and Sagar Ratna have revised their product offerings and atmospherics on thelines of the multinational chains to compete with them and to serve changed expectations

of the consumers.

Mom-and-pop Stores and Traditional Kirana Stores

The retail sector is changing as new store categories have started dominating themarketplace. Mass merchandisers (Wal-Mart, Big Bazaar), discount clubs (Subhiksha),so-called category killers (Home Depot, Vishal chain), and speciality retailers (TimeZone, Tanishq) have all developed a successful retail models. At the same time, the smallmom-and-pop stores and the traditional department stores, are finding the competitionintense. In 2002, while Wal-Mart and Target saw revenues grow (by 12% and 10%,respectively), department stores such as Saks and Federated experienced declining

revenues (down 3% and 1% respectively). But even in the mass-merchandising segment,the competition is fierce, as is evidenced by Kmarts bankruptcy announcement in 2002.Small independent stores, across product categories, is a very common retail formats theyare also undertaking large scale renovations to appeal and attract their target consumersegments.

E-commerce

The amount of retail business being conducted on the Internet is growing every year.Indeed, Forrester Research Agency projects e-commerce revenue to rise to $123 billionin 2004, an increase of some 28% over the previous year and for e-tailing to comprise a

bigger slice of the overall retail pie (5.6%, up from 4.5% in 2003). Many major retailorganizations and manufacturers have online retail stores. Companies like Amazon.comand First and second.com, which helped pioneer the retail e-commerce concept, are 15

being followed by bricks-and-mortar and catalogue retailers like J. Crew, which areexpanding retail e-commerce into new markets.

Department Stores

A few years ago, names like Sears, J.C. Penney, Macys, and Montgomery Warddominated malls and downtowns all over America. Over the last decade or so, however,these department stores have suffered badly. In part, this is a result of changing shoppingpatterns and increased competition from discount stores. It has also come from financialburdens incurred by companies that acquired competing companies and grew too fast. Itis unlikely that these players will disappear from the market. However, they should beready to expect more bumps as the strong get stronger and the weak get absorbed


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.

Discount Stores

These are giants such as Wal-Mart (the largest retailer in the world, with more than a

million; employees), Target and Kmart, as well as membership warehouses, such asCostco. These, along with the category killers, have changed the landscape of both theretail industry and America. Where once mom-and-pop and department stores dominatedretail, now the discount retailers and category killers are at the top of the heap. Andwhere once shopping malls, anchored by at least one major department store; used to bethe dominant retail presence lining the nations roads, now it is the behemoth Wal-Martsand Home Depots.

Category Killers

These are the giant retailers that dominate one area of merchandise (e.g., Office Depot,Tower Records and The Sports Authority). They are able to buy bathroom tiles, filecabinets, electronic goods or pet food in such huge volumes that they can then sell themat prices even fairly large competitors cannot match. The future of this category is betterthan that of many of the more general discounters, but the same employment caveatsapply. For most job seekers, these companies offer earn-and-learn experiences withvendors and distributors before they move onward and upward.


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Specialty Stores

These include Crate & Barrel, the Body Shop, and Victorias Secret. These storesconcentrate on one type of merchandise and offer it in a manner that makes it special.

Some are very high-end (Louis Vuitton) while others cater to the price-conscious masses(Old Navy). Many are so successful that department stores have started to emulate theirbuying, marketing, and merchandise display strategies. Industry experts predict growth inthis segment, particularly in home furnishings and home improvement, and it seems toattract many of the best and brightest in retail. Promotion and responsibility come quicklyto those willing to work hard, and in many of these stores the hand of bureaucracy is notheavy.

E-tailers

While most retailers have online storefronts, strictly online purveyors with no bricksand-mortar counterparts are hoping to snare a percentage of the retail profit. Major players,such as Amazon.com, have generated enough business to cause top brick-and mortarcompetitors to come up with their own Internet sites. Traditional retailers like Wal-Martand Starbucks, hugely successful in their own right, have also set up online stores so asnot to miss out on the revenue opportunities that the Interned offers

DISTINGUISH B/W WHIOLESALER


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AND RETAILER

1) Wholesalers buy in bulk and sell in bulk. Unlike retailers2) Wholesalers do not usually sell to the end-consumer unlike retailers. They(wholesalers) sell to institutional customers (including retailers), while the retailersusually sell their stuff to the end-customer, like you and me.3) Wholesalers are the intermediaries in the value-chain between the manufacturer andthe customer. Unlike the retailers which are the last link before the product/servicereaches the end-user.

4) The buying price and selling price of goods at the stage of a wholesaler issignificantly lesser to the price points at that of a retailer.

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REFERENCE

2 ,3) http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Sm-Z/Wholesaling.html

4) http://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-

play-in-the-distribution-system/

5)http://www.homebusinessresearch.com/archive/wholesale_trends_how_eb

ay_sellers_can_profit_from_them.html

6, 7) http://gl-es.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=44903035795&topic=10313

8 , 9 ) http://www.ehow.com/list_6691720_types-jobs-retail.html ,
http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Sm-Z/Wholesaling.htmlhttp://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/http://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/http://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/http://www.homebusinessresearch.com/archive/wholesale_trends_how_ebay_sellers_can_profit_from_them.html%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0D%0D6http://www.homebusinessresearch.com/archive/wholesale_trends_how_ebay_sellers_can_profit_from_them.html%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0D%0D6http://www.homebusinessresearch.com/archive/wholesale_trends_how_ebay_sellers_can_profit_from_them.html%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0D%0D6http://www.homebusinessresearch.com/archive/wholesale_trends_how_ebay_sellers_can_profit_from_them.html%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0D%0D6http://gl-es.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=44903035795&topic=10313http://www.ehow.com/list_6691720_types-jobs-retail.html%20,%20%0D%0D10http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Sm-Z/Wholesaling.htmlhttp://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/http://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/http://bizcovering.com/marketing-and-advertising/the-ten-types-of-wholesalers-understanding-their-functions-strategies-and-the-role-they-play-in-the-distribution-system/http://www.homebusinessresearch.com/archive/wholesale_trends_how_ebay_sellers_can_profit_from_them.html%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0D%0D6http://www.homebusinessresearch.com/archive/wholesale_trends_how_ebay_sellers_can_profit_from_them.html%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0D%0D6http://www.homebusinessresearch.com/archive/wholesale_trends_how_ebay_sellers_can_profit_from_them.html%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0D%0D6http://gl-es.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=44903035795&topic=10313http://www.ehow.com/list_6691720_types-jobs-retail.html%20,%20%0D%0D10


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10,11) http://business.mapsofindia.com/india-retail-industry/

12 ,13) http://www.mbaknol.com/retail-management/functions-of-retailing/

13, 14, 15 ) http://www.mbaknol.com/retail-management/trends-in-retail-formats/

19
http://www.ehow.com/list_6691720_types-jobs-retail.html%20,%20%0D%0D10http://www.ehow.com/list_6691720_types-jobs-retail.html%20,%20%0D%0D10


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wholesaling and retailin1

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