winning the war 1917. total war society cracking under the strain of war no longer praising deeds of...
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Winning the War 1917
Total WarSociety
Cracking under the strain of warNo longer praising deeds of the few
Total WarNations realize society must be committedConscription: The Draft
PropagandaSpreading of ideas to promote or damageMust control public opinion
Collapsing Morale
ProblemsDeath toll, food shortages, military failures
Revolution in Russia: 1917Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: 1918
Ended Russian participation in war
Impact of Russian WithdrawalBenefit Central Powers
Concentrate on Western Front
Woodrow Wilson
United StatesSubmarine Warfare: Lusitania (British Liner
with 128 Americans) 1915Resolution: U-boats surface to show attacks
Zimmerman NoteGermany asks for Mexico’s supportRetake lands in Texas, Arizona
Declaring War: April 1917Time needed to recruit, train, and supplyWoodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Campaign to VictoryFinal Showdown: 1918
Germans launch final pushExhausts Germany
German UprisingsFrustrations for German peopleWilliam II flees to the Netherlands
New German GovernmentSought an ArmisticeNovember 11, 1918 at 11:00 AM
Making Peace
Cost of WarHuman and Material Costs
8.5 Million lives lostPandemic of Influenza
Financial BurdensMust rebuild and pay off debtAllies want Central Powers to pay
Political TurmoilGovernments collapseRadicals want new governments
Versailles
Big Four
Paris Peace ConferenceBig Four
US President Woodrow Wilson
British Prime Minister David Lloyd George
French Georges Clemenceau
Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
IssuesPayments for war damage
Land agreements
League of Nations
Woodrow Wilson
David George
Georges Clemenceau
Treaty of VersaillesJune 28, 1919
Peacemakers summon German leadersOrdered to sign treaty
German Assumptions “Full Blame”$30 Billion: $400 Billion Today!Give up land
German FeelingsResent treatyArmistice was a cease fire, not surrender
DissatisfactionMandate System
Western powers help modernize coloniesBecame European colonies
Unfulfilled GoalsGermany, Italy, Russia, JapanUnhappy with treaty
Hope for Global PeaceLeague of Nations established: Collective SecurityPolitical/social turmoil would shape future world