Iowa Council for International

Understanding

929 3rd Street, Suite 202

Des Moines, IA 50309

515.282.8269

515.282.0454 fax

Upcoming Events Pioneer-ICIU International Dialogue Series (12:00-1:00 pm)

Downtown Des Moines Public Library, 1000 Grand Avenue

January 4, 2011: Young & Middle Class in China; The Post-80’s Generation

Comes of Age

Associate Professor Darcie Vandegrift– Drake University

February 1, 2011: Democracy in the Middle East; A Future Reality or a Mirage?

Associate Professor Mahmoud Hamad– Drake University

International Visitor Program Arrivals

February 9th-12th: Six Canadian experts learning more about climate change.

A home hospitality opportunity is available February 10

February 10-15: Six visitors from Europe to learn about U.S. Foreign Policy and

Food Security. Home hospitality opportunities available February12 and 13

February 16-19: NCIV National Conference Celebrates 50 Years of Service

Passport to Prosperity; A Celebration of Iowa’s Immigrants and Refugees

Saturday, September 17, 2011

Olmsted Center, Drake University

Quarterly

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ABOUT ICIU

ICIU’s programs and ser-

vices seek to achieve its

mission of “building cultural

respect, at home and

around the world, one per-

son at a time,” through four

general program areas:

Interpretation &

Translation Services

As Iowa’s premier interpre-tation and translation service, ICIU boasts over 100 experienced language experts in 49 languages.

Iowa Global Connect

Iowa Global Connect is Iowa’s centralized multilin-gual access point for individuals and entities to Iowa’s international resources.

International Visitor

Programs

ICIU brings over 150 visi-tors to Iowa every year primarily through two government programs, Community Connec-tions and the International Visitor Leadership Program. Education programs

ICIU offers educational

programs that connect

people and ideas in the

community, educating

Iowans on international

issues and fostering

student leadership.

ICIU Announces Sehgal Family Foundation Grant

ICIU is delighted to announce the establishment

of the Sehgal Family Foundation Center for In-

ternational Visitors. Thanks to a three-year

grant totaling $30,000 from the Sehgal Family

Foundation, the Iowa Council for International

Understanding (ICIU) will establish a Center for

International Visitors that will support ICIU’s

commitment to connecting emerging leaders from

around the world with Iowans through a series of

receptions and learning opportunities. The Cen-

ter will enable Iowans to build new partnerships

on a professional level, develop new friendships

on a personal level and create new learning op-

portunities on an educational level.

Working with the U.S. Department of State’s

International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP),

ICIU is one of 92 Councils for International Visi-

tors in the United States which officially sponsor

visits from thousands of international leaders to

their communities. Each year, over 100 of these

visitors come to Des Moines. These exchanges

benefit both the visitors and the Iowans with

whom they confer. Leaders like former Indian

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, French President

Nicholas Sarkozy and former British Prime Min-

ister Gordon Brown were participants in this in-

ternational visitors program.

Last year, ICIU hosted a wide variety of leaders

from Germany, Portugal, Morocco, China, Indo-

nesia, Algeria, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey,

Sweden, Italy, Denmark, the Czech Republic,

Finland, Kazakhstan, and more. Leaders selected to

travel to Des Moines enjoy professional program-

ming on topics such as food safety and public

health, the U.S. electoral system, intellectual prop-

erty rights, biotechnology regulations, veterinary

practices, and agribusiness. IVLP generates almost

$1 million annually in revenue for the state of Iowa.

Thanks to the Sehgal Center for International Visi-

tors, Iowans can look forward to more opportuni-

ties to meet the world’s current and up-and-coming

leaders, such as members of Parliament, top journal-

ists and editors, heads of research programs in en-

ergy and food safety and executives of multinational

corporations.

We celebrate this new Center at ICIU at the same

time we are celebrating the National Council for

International Visitors 50th Anniversary at the 2011

National Meeting in Washington D.C. The meet-

ing’s theme this celebratory year is “NCIV’s Next

Half Century: Citizen Diplomats Shaping History.”

For more information on the 50th Anniversary Gala

on February 16th, 2011, with Mistress of Ceremo-

nies Gloria Borger, Senior Political Analyst for

CNN, email Ashlee Stoddard, International Visitors

Manager at ashlee.stoddard@iciu.org.

this issue

Sehgal Family Grant Announced P.1

2010 in Review P.2

International Dialogue Series P.3

Zakery’s Bridge Book Launch P.5

Interpreters & Translators Workshops P.7

Upcoming Events P.8

I S S U E

Winter 2010

Diplomat Winter 2010 Issue

The ICIU Staff

Dr. Judith Conlin Executive Director

Gale Brubaker Senior Program Manager: Finance, Grants & Marketing

Stephanie Hingtgen International Language Manager

Ashlee Stoddard International Programs Manager & Volunteer/Intern Coordinator

Working since 1938

to build cultural respect at home and around the world,

one person at a time.

Throughout the organization's history, the many volunteers who provided lead-ership and time to the organization al-ways believed the Council should be dedicated to international understanding between Iowans and the rest of the world. To this end, the Council currently administers a variety of programs which aim to connect Iowans with people, ideas and cultures from around the world. Major Program Areas:

Educational Programs

International Visitors

Interpretation & Translation

Iowa Global Connect

72 Years of International Understanding72 Years of International Understanding

1 8

Executive Director ’s Corner:

2010; A Year in Review

IOWA GLOBAL CONNECT Your Resource

Iowa Global Connect is Iowa’s

centralized multilingual access

point for individuals and entities

to the international re-

sources Iowa has available.

Global Connect accomplishes

this mission through a statewide,

systematic collaborative network

developed across three phases:

View the guide and more infor-

mation on the searchable web-

site at www.iciu.org.

Phase I:

Resource Guide

Phase II:

Searchable Web Service

Phase III:

Emergency Interpretation

Service Network

Interpretation and Translation Services For over 70 years, the Iowa

Council for International Un-

derstanding (ICIU) has been

connecting people and chang-

ing lives through programs and

services that build bridges be-

tween Iowa and the world. One

program that puts our mission

into action daily is our Interpre-

tation and Translation Services

program.

The demand for such services

in our state is increasing and

the languages needed are

constantly changing. ICIU

welcomes applications from

interpreters and translators of

all languages. While we may

not have immediate work

opportunities for some lan-

guages due to little demand

or an already-sufficient num-

ber of interpreters/translators,

our requests and resources

change frequently and your

expertise may soon be

needed (See right column for

current needs).

ICIU has provided interpreta-

tion and translation services

to businesses, schools, hos-

pitals, courts, and individuals

in Iowa for over 30 years

through a network of more

than 100 interpreters and

translators currently special-

izing in over 49 languages

and dialects. Our interpret-

ers and translators are pro-

fessionals who are passion-

ate about using their lan-

guage skills to serve those in

their communities.

Now Accepting

Applications

Interpreters/

Translators

Contracted Interpreters

& Translators

We are currently accepting

applications for interpreters

and translators for any and all

languages. To meet the

needs of Iowa’s diverse popu-

lation currently, ICIU is eager

to identify interpreters and

translators for the following

languages:

· Burmese

· Chin

· Dinka

· French

· Karen

· Kirundi

· Kunama

· Nuer

Interpreters and Translators Workshops Thanks to a generous grant from the Prairie

Meadows Foundation, ICIU will again be offering

two 2-day workshops for training new and exist-

ing interpreters and translators.

The increasing need for interpreters and transla-

tors across Iowa is quickly outpacing the number

of qualified interpreters capable of addressing

with precision the challenges of interpreting in

our businesses, hospitals, courts, social service

agencies and elsewhere.

To address this need for qualified interpreters

and translators to assist local companies and

service providers in effectively serving the com-

munity, ICIU will be offering two 2-day Inter-

preter/Translator Professional Development

Workshops to provide interpreters and translators

with the training and resources necessary to en-

sure they are knowledgeable and well-versed in

ethics and protocol, certification processes and

professional development, continuing education

opportunities and best practices.

ICIU is once again partnering with the Interpreta-

tion and Translation Program offered by the Des

Moines Area Community College (DMACC).

Attendees will receive a resource binder with

detailed information covering each session

through the two days. The course has been ap-

proved by DMACC as a qualified continuing edu-

cation class and each workshop participant who

participates in every session during the two days

will receive 1.5 continuing education credits for

free.

For more information and to register for this pro-

gram, please call Stephanie Hingtgen, Interna-

tional Language Program Manager, at

515.282.8269, ext. 16, or via email at

Stephanie.Hingtgen@iciu.org.

ICIU is turning 75! Founded in 1938 by a group of volunteers assisting immigrants flee-ing the war in Europe, the Iowa Council for International Understand-ing today is the premier association providing information and assis-tance to immigrants and refugees in Iowa, as well as promoting citi-zen diplomacy through efforts such as the International Visitor Lead-ership Program. As we prepare to celebrate our Diamond anniver-sary, we will be celebrating new programs, services and opportunities for Iowans and visitors alike. Stay tuned!

ICIU Board Member Receives Gold Star Award

(l to r) Sherry Mueller, Den-

nis Dietz, Judith Conlin

Congratulations to ICIU

Board of Directors member

Dennis Dietz, on receiving

the NCIV Golden Star,

awarded to those who make

substantial contributions to

the goal of citizen diplomacy.

As we reflect back over 2010 it

was, as Frank Sinatra might have

sung, “a very good year.” It was a

year in which we had the opportu-

nity to celebrate three uncom-

monly gifted women as our honor-

ees to Passport to Prosperity.

Cyndi Chen, who immigrated

from Taipei Taiwan, has shared

her passion for helping others in

extraordinarily wide and varied

ways: as an educator, as the first

administrator of the Status of Io-

wan of Asian and Pacific Island

Heritage Commission, as a dis-

ability consultant, as a community

leader serving on tens of boards

and committees and as the cur-

rent Resource Coordinator for the

Iowa Department of Human

Rights.

Zeljka Krvavica, who came as a

refugee from Sarajevo, has dedi-

cated her life in America to serv-

ing some of the most vulnerable

new Iowans among us, refugees.

As Director of Refugee Services

Jill Stuecker observed, “If I had to

flee the only home I had ever

known, starting all over in a new

and foreign land, Zeljka is the

person I would want waiting for

me at the airport.”

Shazia Manus grew up in Bangla-

desh, one of the poorest countries

in the world, studied and experi-

enced poverty first hand. She

immigrated to the U.S., graduated

from Iowa State University and

began work in Ames at the

Greater Iowa Credit Union. At the

age of thirty Shazia became the

youngest CEO of the Greater

Iowa Credit Union. She has vol-

unteered hundreds of hours to

teaching about financial literacy

and her vision for true peace and

economic justice.

Making the Passport celebration

very special was the amazingly

beautiful performance by the

Heartland Youth Choir under the

direction of Barbara Sletto. The

choir treated each of the honorees

to songs from their homelands. It

was an evening enjoyed by an-

other record crowd who were

provided a delicious international

dinner and lively entertainment.

Our special thanks to Gale

Brubaker who chaired the event.

It is a year of thanks – to Sherry

Mueller, CEO of the National

Council for International Visitors,

who spent four days with ICIU’s

board of directors and staff. She

also presented the highly prestig-

ious Gold Star Award to Dennis

Dietz, in gratitude for all Dennis

has done for ICIU.

Our deepest appreciation to

Susan Josten for stepping up to

Chair the ICIU Board of Directors

and to each of the directors for

their leadership; to Professor Dar-

cie Vandegrift for so capably per-

forming as the interim acting di-

rector role for Drake’s Center for

Global Citizenship and identifying

many of the speakers for the Pio-

neer-ICIU International Dialogue

Series; to Ann and John Nesbitt

for hosting the farewell dinner for

our Turkmenistan delegation and

to each of the hosts who provided

their homes for hospitality.

Our deep and special thanks for

the generous donations of very

key leadership gifts that will make

possible the launching of ICIU’s

new website. The website will

include the development of Phase

II of Iowa Global Connect, a com-

prehensive searchable web ser-

vice, with access to multiple lan-

guages, connecting immigrants

and refugees with the services

and resources they need to live,

work and raise a family in Iowa.

We wish to extend our warm ap-

preciation to the BWA Foundation

for its gift of $6,500, to the Kum &

Go Foundation for its gift of

$5,000; to Principal Financial

Group for its gift of $5,000, and to

the W.T. and Edna M Dahl Trust

for its gift of $5,000. Thanks to

the individuals and businesses

who also contributed gifts ranging

from $100 to $2,500. Look for the

launch of the new website very

soon.

L to R: Shazia Manus, Cyndi Chen and Zeljka Krvavica

7 2

BWA Foundation

The Business Record

Judith Conlin

Conlin Foundation

W.T. and Edna M. Dahl Trust

John Deere Financial

John Deere-Des Moines Operations

Kum & Go Foundation

National Council for International Visitors

Pioneer Hi-Bred

Principal Financial

World Learning

ICIU Executive Director Honored

You CAN Make a Difference!

Are you passionate about international

issues and promoting cultural respect?

BECOME A PART OF ICIU TODAY to help us

to foster the connections that change! lives!

Our work truly depends on the generous contributions of individuals like you.

I would like to think about helping the Iowa Council for International Under-standing in the FUTURE:

I have already put the Iowa Council for

International Understanding in my will.

I would like more information about put-

ting the Iowa Council for International Understanding in my will.

TTHANKSHANKS FORFOR YOURYOUR GIFTGIFT!!

Educational Programs Interpretation Services International Visitors Iowa Global Connect

I would like to contribute $____________

or go to www.iciu.org to support the Iowa Council for International Understanding NOW.

Iowa Student Global Leadership Conference

Iowa Council for

International Understanding Board of Directors

President

Susan Judkins Josten Rebuild Iowa Office

Vice President

E. Charles (Chuck) Brice Kemin Health

Immediate Past President

Dennis Dietz Retired Attorney

Treasurer

Steven L. Saxton, JMS KYOSHIN LLC

Secretary

Jason Ross Davis Brown

Law Firm

Vice President at-large Dennis W. Kelly

John Deere Financial

Vice President at-large Phil Krenc

MidAmerican Energy Company

Directors

Daryl Beall State Senator

Ralf Fassbender Eurofins Scientific, Inc.

Don Lambert MENA Consulting LLC

Ying Sa Community CPA and

Associates

Jay Sehgal The Sehgal Foundation

David G. Skidmore Drake Center for

Global Citizenship

Laura Thompson Wells Fargo Home Mortgage

Lynn Walz Retired CPA

Ambassador Level Sponsors

Chuck & Linda Brice Compressor Controls

Davis Brown Law Firm Harold & Carol Hill

Fred & Charlotte Hubbell

Prairie Meadows The Sehgal Family Foundation

Isak Sivi Ted Townsend

Townsend Vision

Attaché Level Sponsors

Ames Rotary Barr Asset Management Dennis & Sheila Dietz

Elizabeth Garst Rachel Garst

Barbara & David Hurd Susan Judkins Josten Meredith Publishing

MUSCO Lighting

Shazia Manus William Neiber

Tero International Wells Fargo

Judy Winkelpleck Community CPA Associates Inc.

Heartland Youth Choir Jay Sehgal

Diplomat Level Sponsors

Chinese Association of Iowa Green House Yoga

Mike Tramontina Swallow Yan

Delegate Level Sponsors

Professional Level Sponsors

Grace Amemiya Carol Brown Sorrel Brown

Mary Brubaker Rob Denson

John & Mary Doidge S.N. Duvik

Charles & Marilyn Farr Ralf Fassbender

Valentina Forminykh Jennifer Gardner

Mrs. Willie Glanton Albert Greffenius

Trudy Holman Eric Idehen

Greg Johansen Dau-Shen Ju

Jan & Steve Kaiser Phil Krenc

Don Lambert Pramod Mahajan

Arthur Neis Omar Padilla Alex Piedras

Jane Ringwald Vladimir Sambaiew Sol Varisco-Santini Lance Schaecher

Rajat Sehgal Rich & Svetlana Selby

Alita Siasoco Kumsan Song

Laura Thompson World Food Prize

Thanks for all of your support.

Zakery’s Bridge -Book Launch Event! Sunday, January 30, 2011 1-4 p.m. State Historical Museum 600 E. Locust Des Moines Keynote Speakers: Governor Robert Ray and Bankers Trust CEO Suku Radia

In Zakery’s Bridge we meet nine children who

share their family stories of immigrating to Iowa.

Each journey begins in a different country: From

Zakery, crossing a famous bridge in Bosnia and

Herzegovina, to Dau, listening to evening stories

in Sudan, and Cara, whose journey opens at the

foot of Shuan Foung Mountain in Taiwan. Other

journeys begin in India, Palestine, Mexico, Israel,

Laos and the Netherlands.

Join authors Kay Fenton Smith and Carol Roh Spaulding to celebrate the publication of this collection of true-life stories. As part of the occasion, a children’s naturalization ceremony will be held.

Proceeds benefit CultureALL and the Iowa Council for International Understanding. For more information, go to www.zakerysbridge.com

Scheduled for February 4-5, 2011, the Iowa Student

Global Leadership Conference (ISGLC) is an annual

conference that brings 100 Iowa

youth and international exchange

students studying in Iowa high

schools together for a leadership

institute in Des Moines. The focus

of the conference is to examine

key global issues that will have

impact on the world in the future.

Participating Iowa students work

in partnership with international students to recom-

mend actions and solutions for the future, and to

discuss ways youth can address issues of concern

in their countries. Conference activities include

large and small group activities and discussions as

well as a Friday night dance.

The Iowa Student Global Leadership Confer-

ence is sponsored by the Stanley Foundation

and Iowa Council for International Understand-

ing in cooperation with various exchange agen-

cies throughout the state.

What: ISGLC

When: February 4-5, 2011

Where: Quality Inn

929 3rd Street

Des Moines, IA

For more information, call Gale Brubaker, Senior

Program Manager, at 515.282.8269, ext. 15.

Dr. Judith Conlin, Ex-

ecutive Director of the

Iowa Council for Inter-

national Understanding,

received the Immigrant

Champion Award Satur-

day, November 13,

2010 during the Immi-

grant Entrepreneneurs

Summit. This award,

given to a non-

immigrant who is dedi-

cated to making a posi-

tive impact on the immi-

grant community, recog-

nizes Dr. Conlin’s per-

sonal and professional

commitment to and ad-

vocacy on behalf of

immigrants and their

families and communi-

ties.

ICIU Holiday Office Hours Friday, December 24: Closed Monday, December 27: Closed Friday, December 31: Closed

4 5

ICIU Emergency Interpretation Services Meeting the Need In addition to its regular fee

-for-service interpretation

and translation services,

ICIU also offers a unique

program of free emergency

interpretation services.

The emergency service is

provided to a variety of

emergency service person-

nel serving limited English

proficient clients faced with

life and death situations.

This 24 hour, 7 day a week

service is the only one of its

kind, and is able to respond

to this crucial community

need through the generos-

ity of an incredible network

of volunteer interpreters

who have made them-

selves available to be

called upon to assist in a

time of emergency.

With over 100 interpreters

and translators in over 49

languages and dialects, we

have been able to help:

Emergency rooms

Domestic violence

shelters

Police officers

Roadside assistance

staff,

Other human service

providers

Emergency interpretation

services are made avail-

able only in life threatening

situations, as determined

by the emergency line re-

sponder.

GET INVOLVED

Int’l Visitor Programs Have you always wanted to

meet people from other coun-

tries, but haven't had the

chance to travel? Here is your

opportunity!

Hospitality Hosts

Become a citizen diplo-mat by hospitality host-ing an international visi-tor. Whether it's cooking dinner in your home, taking them to an Iowa Cubs game.

Professional Hosts

Take networking to a whole new level by shar-ing your professional knowledge with an inter-national visitor. By wel-coming an international visitor into your office.

Volunteer Drivers

Get a chance to sit in on professional meetings with international visitors as a volunteer driver.

Home stay Hosts

Home stay hosting is an excellent opportunity to spend time with interna-tional visitors in your own home as you pro-vide lodging during their Des Moines program.

Interpretation/

Translation If you are fluent in another

language and looking to help

those in need, this may be an

opportunity for you!

Other Opportunities

Office/Administrative Volunteer

Special Events Volunteer

International Visitors Impressed by Des Moines

ICIU STAFF PROMOTE IOWA AT NETWORK DC

International Programs Manager Ashlee

Stoddard and Senior Programs Manager

Gale Brubaker recently had the opportunity

to travel to Washington, DC for

three days as part of the Na-

tional Council for International

Visitors’ Network DC program.

This program facilitates face-to-

face meetings with the individu-

als responsible for the Interna-

tional Visitor Leadership Pro-

gram (IVLP) at the national level

and to highlight their community resources

and capabilities.

ICIU’s presentation was met with great enthu-

siasm by staff of seven agencies responsible

for IVLP, as well as key staff at the State De-

partment.

Ashlee and Gale also had a

special opportunity to participate

in the 2010 National Program-

mers Workshop during their

stay. This workshop brings to-

gether over 200 national-level

staff from seven different or-

ganizations for a day of presentations and

interactive discussions on how to better im-

plement and improve IVLP programming.

International visitors to Iowa often come to Des

Moines with little knowledge and few expecta-

tions for their time in our state. A common an-

swer to the question “What did you know about

Iowa before your arrival?” is “Not much!” How-

ever, the impressions that they take away are

much different. Writes one visitor from Latvia,

“I’m impressed about the

involvement and activity of

the people in… well al-

most everything!” This

year, over 100 visitors

from five continents had

their opinions of Iowa, and

by extension, America,

changed in this way.

These visitors come to

Central Iowa through the

U.S. Department of

State’s International Visitor Leadership Program

(IVLP) and USAID’s Community Connections

Program. Both programs are based around

knowledge exchange between international

colleagues and person-to-person diplomacy.

Each year, these programs bring over $1 million

in revenue to the state of Iowa.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank

all of our professional hosts who take the time

out of their busy workdays to meet with our visi-

tors. We’d also like to thank the volunteers who

welcome visitors into their homes for meals and

overnight stays, who accompany visitors to

meetings as hosts and drivers, and who facili-

tate cultural outings and tours.

Our visitors’ perceptions and

ideas about Iowa are changed for

the better because of the time

and dedication you put into these

programs. We hope that our visi-

tors have changed you as well.

ICIU frequently has opportunities

such as these for Iowans to inter-

act with international visitors. If

you are interested in becoming a

“citizen diplomat” and volunteer-

ing with ICIU’s international visitors, please visit

the ICIU website at www.iciu.org for more infor-

mation, or call email ashlee.stoddard@iciu.org.

In 2010, ICIU hosted visitors from:

United Kingdom

Mexico

Tajikistan

Thailand

Turkmenistan

Sweden

Italy

Hungary

Portugal

Jordan

Oman

Latvia

Croatia

Nepal

Pakistan

Azerbaijan

Turkey

Belgium

Czech Republic

Argentina

Lebanon

Palestinian Territories

China

Russia

Fiji

Ukraine

Poland

Germany

Bosnia & Herzegovina

Denmark

Algeria

Libya

United Arab Emirates

Syria

Uzbekistan

Bangladesh

Ecuador

Indonesia

Norway

France

Finland

Egypt

Morocco

Yemen

Belarus

Upcoming Pioneer/ICIU Dialogue Series Made possible through the support of Pioneer HiBred, this monthly lecture series features local

and national experts on a variety of topics pertaining to international relations and business. Pro-

grams are free of charge and are held at the downtown Des Moines Public Library from Noon-1pm

the first Tuesday of each month. For more on this series, see www.iciu.org or email

gale.brubaker@iciu.org.

Tuesday, January 4, 2011

“Young and Middle Class in China;

The Post-80’s Generation Comes of Age”

The rising middle class in coastal China lives

in a world awash in consumption but also ex-

treme pressure to succeed. Come see visuals

from the upcoming Drake University exhibit

curated by Associate Professor Darcie Vande-

grift, who will speak and share images explor-

ing the impact the exploding Chinese economy

has upon the young adults born in the 1980s.

How do they meld traditional values and in-

tense societal pressures with the constant pull

of the Western concept of better, faster and

newer possessions?

Professor Vandegrift's exhibit will run in the Collier Heritage Room of Cowles Library at Drake University from January 18-February 28, 2011.

Tuesday, February 1, 2011

“Democracy in the Middle East;

A Future Reality or a Mirage?”

Drake University Associate Professor Mahmoud

Hamad presents this program on the Middle

East, one of the last bastions of authoritarianism

in an increasingly democratic universe. While

nations in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern

Europe have changed dramatically, aging Mid-

dle Eastern dictators who seemed threatened a

few years ago are utilizing more oppressive

measures to control their societies and polities,

with very limited pressure from the West. This

raises many questions: why did the waves of

democratization escape the shores of the Medi-

terranean, the Red sea, and the Persian Gulf?

What is the political future of this pivotal region?

Is it in US interest to keep shoring up the au-

thoritarian regimes in Cairo, Riyadh, Amman,

and Rabat?

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