I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e1

DAWNDistributed Acquisition Wireless Network

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 412TW-PA-18243

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e2

Purpose

• Eliminate Orange Wire, and thus mod time• Eliminates routing/cabling workflow:

• 30 terminations/day• 4 feet of cable/day

• Match/Exceed CANIS specifications• DAWN operation must be transparent to IOE or Aircrew

• Node Placement• Central & Satellite Nodes• Central node located near recorder and network switches• Satellite nodes located near transducers• Field as many satellite nodes as needed• Antennas located on top of aircraft

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e3

Benefits

• Uses aircraft shielding to mitigate EMI/EMC risk• Small form factor• May be battery powered• Slice 6 highly scalable

• No limit to chains, or number of daisy-chained slices• Relatively high throughput when compared to Bluetooth, Zwave, and Zigbee• Can be encrypted using AES-256 • Eliminates the majority of required “orange wire”

• Transducers• Video

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e4

Wireless Transport

• 802.11ah Standard – “HaLow”• Low Power Wifi

• Utilizes physical layer of OSI model• Carrier Frequency: 900MHz• Wavelength: 13.1 inches (0.333m)• Power: 7mW @0dBm output• Range: 150-200ft• Theoretical Maximum Bitrate: 347Mbps (16MHz channel)

• Threshold Bitrate: 100Mbps• Depending on range required, power can be reduced to extend battery life• Power saving features included in the standard

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e5

Aircraft Network

• Satellite Node Architecture (Cont.)• Hybrid Node -6 Channels Per Slice

-Up to 6MBps per chain-4 Chains per Distributer-Distributers can be combined up to max throughput for HaLow-Distributer is a network switch capable of accepting any Ethernet device

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e6

Aircraft Mesh Network

• Center Node Architecture

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e7

Wireless Transport - Cyber

• MAC Filtering - Implicit DENY set at factory• Technicians must manually enter MAC addresses into center node and satellite node on the

bench to enable a transceiver set to close the link

• PHY Link Layer• Wireless links will not announce their presence (SSID) • Point-to-point link does not suffer layer 2-7 overhead• AES-256 encryption may be applied with little to no latency impact• NSA encryption may be applied prior to transmission though use of layer 1 or layer 2 bulk

Ethernet encryptors• Transceivers will not solicit nearby devices for connection if the link is jammed or lost

• Shielding Effectiveness• 900MHz selected to make best use of existing aircraft shielding• Transceiver power may be “dialed back” to minimum C/N to close link with center node• Actual shielding values of F-16 are unknown, and will be expensive in terms of opportunity

and cost• Most aircraft compartments are too small to house probes needed to make the

measurement• Closing panel after baseline measurement changes the characteristics of the cavity,

rendering the data useless

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e8

Lab Demo Results

• Lab Demo DTS Prototype

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e9

Lab Demo Results

• Lab Demo DTS Prototype

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e10

Lab Demo Results

• DTS Prototype• Scale data transmitted at 1Mbps over 40 feet• Packet loss observed when obstructions present• Ping times observed in the 1-2ms range• Very limited in terms of configuration options• Signal strength was sufficient that radios could close link

with the transmit antenna terminated

• Met minimum requirement of transmitting data over an open-air link

• Radios used will not be employed in the ground or flight phase of program