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Confocal Raman Imaging www.witec.de WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3000 -40 -20 CCD cts 0 20 relative wavenumbers (cm -1 )

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Page 1: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

Confocal Raman Imaging

www.witec.de

WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3000

-40

-20

CCD

cts

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relative wavenumbers (cm-1)

Page 2: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

The WITec ultra-high throughput spectrometer (UHTS) series consists of exceptionally flexible and precise devices that meet the demands of cutting-edge confocal Raman imaging. For optimized performance, excitation sources, spectrometers, optics and cameras have to be carefully matched. The WITec UHTS design approach acknowledges this by employing a series of lens-based on-axis spectrometers with a choice of focal lengths, gratings and optics perfectly matched to the selected excitation wavelength. The spectrometers can be individually configured for specialized requirements and a wide variety of applications. No other manufacturer can provide such a high level of flexibility.

WITec UHTS Ultra-High Throughput Spectrometers for Raman Microscopy

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Ultra-fast acquisition timesUsing the UHTS for data collection, the acquisition time for a single Raman spectrum can be reduced to below one millisecond, providing essential benefits in confocal Raman microscopy where commonly thousands of Raman spectra must be acquired.

Optical fiber entrance

CCDcamera

Ultra-sharp and symmetric peak shapeWITec UHTS spectrometers deliver outstanding spectral and imaging quality. Symmetric peak shapes are ensured by design with coma- and astigmatism-free optics.

Ultra-high throughputUHTS spectrometers are specifically designed for challenging Raman imaging and spectroscopy applications with intrinsically low light intensities.

Page 3: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions | 03

Collimating lens system

Automated turret withup to three gratings

Focusing lens system

Ultra-cUstomizable: triple-grating turretAn automated three-grating turret facilitates the flexible integration and combination of individual gratings. Automated switching from one grating to another to accommodate varying experimental requirements has never been easier.

Ultra-configUrable: several focal lengths and grating types The Raman spectrometers of the UHTS series are available in different focal lengths to accommodate multiple laser excitation wavelengths and spectral resolution requirements for the most demanding Raman imaging experiments.

spectral and pixel resolution factsThe resolving power of a spectroscopic system depends on focal length, grating groove density and pixel size of the CCD camera used for detection. The overall goal is to find the ideal balance with regard to acquisition time, signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. Increasing the focal length or the number of grooves per millimeter on the grating increases the spectral resolution, but reduces the signal per pixel as the light is spread out over a larger area.

With the ultra-high throughput of the WITec spectrometer series, this signal loss is minimized and the full spectral bandwidth is retained through integrated spectral stitching procedures. As a result, highly-resolved spectra can be obtained from the full relevant spectral range up to a pixel resolution of 0.1 relative wavenumbers (cm-1).

Grating low dispersion

CCD chip

CCD chip

influence of grating on spectral resolution

Grating

Grating CCD chip

influence of focal length on spectral resolution

Incoming light

Incoming light

Incoming light

Incoming light

Grating high dispersion

Grating dispersion and focal length influence signal intensity, detectable spectral range and resolution.

Long

Short

Page 4: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

WITec UHTS Series

The lens-based spectrometers of the UHTS series allow for the highest throughput and are therefore suitable for high speed and high resolution Raman imaging. Gratings have their optimal reflectivity in only relatively small spectral ranges, leading to dramatic signal loss when used outside of those parts of the spectrum. Therefore WITec optimized the UHTS spectrometers for specific wavelength ranges. Customers can choose from a variety of focal lengths and gratings to match individual requirements in terms of spectral range and resolution.

UV VIS NIR

400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm

SPECTRAL RANGE

03 04UHTS 400 UV-VIS UHTS 300 VIS-NIR

With an optical system tailored for UV measurements, the UHTS 400 UV-VIS is the optimal solution for excitation wavelengths from 355 to 588 nm.

Applications requiring broadband excitation from the visible to the near-infrared can greatly benefit from the UHTS 300 VIS-NIR. This spectrometer is well suited for multiple laser configurations between 532 nm and 830 nm while maintaining the advantages of the UHTS series.

UHTS 400 UV - VIS

UHTS 300 VIS

UHTS 400 NIR

BroadBand UHTS 300 VIS - nIr

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02 UHTS 600 VIS

UHTS 300 IR06

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Page 5: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions | 05

05 06UHTS 400 NIR UHTS 300 IR

In the near-infrared regime the use of NIR-optimized optical components is essential for high-throughput spectral acquisition. A focal length of 400 mm, a specialized set of gratings and state-of-the-art deep depletion CCD technology combine to form an ideal solution for NIR Raman spectroscopy.

The UHTS 300 IR covers the excitation range from 800 to 1700 nm, featuring infrared-optimized optical components, gratings and detectors for highly precise and accurate Raman and photoluminescence experiments.

WITec lens-based spectrometers cover the full spectral range with specialized variants, providing the highest throughput for ultra-fast and low light-level Raman imaging applications. All UHTS spectrometers feature an optical fiber port and a software-controlled triple-grating turret. By using high-throughput and high-quality optical components in the beam path, overall sensitivity is significantly improved.

The WITec UHTS series for multiple laser excitation offers the most flexible and advanced solution for hyperspectral Raman microscopy. For individual excitation requirements not listed, WITec can provide a variety of proven and installed spectroscopy solutions. Please discuss your specific needs with the WITec Raman imaging specialists to determine the best configuration for you.

The UHTS 600 features an extended focal length of 600 mm for increased spectral resolution, which allows closely adjacent peaks to be resolved more readily. This new addition to the UHTS line enhances spectral resolution without compromising throughput, therefore acquisition times remain unparalleled.

01 02UHTS 300 VIS UHTS 600 VIS

For excitation in the visible range the UHTS 300 VIS provides outstanding dispersive peak separation capabilities. The focal length of 300 mm is in accordance with the required sensitivity for demanding Raman imaging applications.

Page 6: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

WITec CCD Detectors

Confocal Raman image of toothpaste. 200 x 200 pixels, 40,000 spectra, acquisition time per spectrum: 760 μs, per image: 40 s.

capability, Versatility and expandability for raman spectroscopy – optimized today, ready for tomorrowCCD cameras are optimized for certain wavelength ranges, be it UV, visible light or NIR. That must be considered when configuring a UHTS spectrometer setup to meet sophisticated requirements for quick and sensitive Raman imaging. Several types of CCD cameras with quantum efficiencies exceeding 90% can be integrated with the UHTS series.

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FRoNT-ILLUmINATEd (FI) CCd

A front-illuminated CCD is characterized by a broad range of possible applications and wavelengths, generally oriented toward budget-conscious but advanced experimental setups.

Currently, an EM CCD comes as close as possible to an ideal shot noise-limited detector. This type of camera provides the most advanced readout capabilities for low light level detection or ULTRA-FAST RAMAN IMAGING®necessary for sophisticated and leading-edge Raman applications. Readout speed can be as fast as 760 µs per spectrum (1300 spectra/s) and dark current as low as 10-4 electrons/pixel/s.

ELECTRoN-mULTIPLyING (Em) CCd4 μm

01

02

Page 7: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions | 07

BACk-ILLUmINATEd (BI) CCd

InGaAs LINEAR ARRAy dETECToR oTHERS UPoN REqUEST

For scattering experiments above the Si-bandgap at approximately 1100 nm, WITec supplies state-of-the-art Indium-Gallium-Arsenide (InGaAs) linear array detectors that allow for spectral imaging in the IR up to 1700 nm with peak quantum efficiencies near 90%.

Incoming light

With a quantum efficiency of 95% or more, back-illuminated CCD cameras set the industry standard for efficient Raman signal detection in the visible range. Compared to a front-illuminated CCD, they offer twice the quantum efficiency and are therefore suitable for precise and sensitive FAST RAMAN IMAGING® at the highest lateral resolution. UV-optimized versions are also available.

Silicon dioxide

GateSilicon

Low dARk-CURRENT dEEP dEPLETIoN CCd

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic Raman and photoluminescence (PL) measurements require specialized CCD detectors to prevent the spectral data from being influenced by “etaloning,” an effect that occurs when the Si-CCD chip materials become increasingly transparent to light at longer wavelengths. With the low dark-current deep depletion technology provided by this detector, critical NIR and PL experiments can be performed with minimal signal loss.

oPEN ELECTRodE (oE) CCd

The open electrode CCD is a front-illuminated camera that enables the acquisition of almost the entire spectral bandwidth and is particularly well suited to measurements in the UV. In order to achieve state-of-the-art signal-to-noise ratios it features a low dark-current and multi-purpose camera functionality.

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Page 8: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

WITec spectroscopic systems enable the acquisition of Raman spectra, images, depth profiles and 3D images with exceptional spectral and spatial precision. This proven performance in speed, sensitivity and resolution is available without compromise or caveat, in your facility.

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symmetric peak shape: cyclohexane

(A) Raman spectrum of cyclohexane acquired with the UHTS 300 VIS. (B) Zoom-in at the 1030 relative wavenumbers (cm-1) peak region. In addition to the measured spectra (blue) a Lorentzian-fitted curve is displayed (red). The almost perfect match of the measured spectra with the theoretically predicted curve shows the high accuracy of the measurement.

A B

Proven Measurement Power for Demonstrable and Consistent Raman Imaging Results

Page 9: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

high-performance raman imaging application: ccl4 – Water-oil emulsion

A BC

WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions | 09

(A) 3D confocal Raman image of an emulsion with corresponding Raman spectra shown in (B) Green: alkane; blue: water; yellow: CCl4 + oil. Image parameters: 100 x 100 x 10 µm3 scan range, 0.06 s integration time per spectrum, 532 nm excitation wavelength. (C) Zoom-in image with high spectral resolution. Image parameters: 10 x 10 µm2, 0.08 s integration time per spectrum, UHTS 600 spectrometer, 1800 g/mm grating. (D) Due to the high spectral resolution of the spectroscopic system the CCl4 bands at around 460 relative wavenumbers (cm-1) can be clearly resolved.

sensitivity: raman spectrum 4th order of silicon

The ability to resolve the peak of the 4th order band of Si is widely considered to be a measure of the sensitivity of a Raman spectroscopy system. The spectrum above shows the 4th order Si peak acquired with the UHTS 300 VIS equipped with an EM CCD. No data post-processing other than cosmic ray removal was applied.

The very high signal-to-noise ratio along with the low intensities of the O2 and N2 peaks indicate the true confocality of the system as the detected signals from the environment (e.g. air) are extremely low, showing that the contribution from out-of-focus light is effectively blocked by the pinhole.

3rd order of Si

4th order of SiO2

N2

D

Page 10: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

Confocal Raman Imaging WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions

• Detailed analysis of chemical compound distribution, amorphous/crystalline forms and material stress properties

• Lateral spatial resolution down to ~200 nm (diffraction limited)

• 3D chemical imaging due to confocal setup

• Nondestructive

• Minimal, if any, sample preparation required

• Correlative imaging readily available (AFM, SNOM, TERS, SEM)

raman imaging benefits

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WITec Raman imaging systems combine extremely sensitive confocal microscopes with ultra-high throughput spectrometers for unprecedented capability in chemical characterization. Our Raman imaging specialists are ready to assist in defining an optimized system for individual applications and budget requirements. Even future ambitions can be taken into account as WITec systems are fully upgradeable, scalable and able to incorporate additional excitation wavelengths, scan stages and microscopy techniques. If your scientific approach changes, WITec systems can change with you.

Page 11: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions | 11

The WITec UHTS series can be equipped with a selection of market-leading high-quality spectroscopic CCD detectors. With chip sizes and quantum efficiencies matched to the optical components of the spectrometer, setting the benchmark for FAST- and ULTRA-FAST RAMAN IMAGING® has never been easier.

Page 12: WITec Raman Spectroscopy Solutions - Raman Microscope · UV VIS NIR 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm 900 nm 1100 nm 1300 nm 1500 nm 1700 nm SPECTRAL RANGE Co UHTS 400 UV-VIS Co UHTS 300

wITec HeadquartersWITec GmbHLise-Meitner-Straße 6 D-89081 Ulm . GermanyPhone +49 (0) 731 140700 Fax +49 (0) 731 [email protected] www.WITec.de

wITec North AmericaWITec Instruments Corp.130G Market Place Blvd Knoxville . TN 37922 . USAPhone 865 984 4445 Fax 865 984 [email protected] www.WITec-Instruments.com

wITec JapanWITec K.K.KSP W713B Sakado 3-2-1 Takatsu-ku Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa 213-0012 JapanPhone +81 44 819 7773 [email protected]

wITec South East AsiaWITec Pte. Ltd.25 International Business Park#03-59A German Centre Singapore 609916Phone +65 9026 5667 [email protected]

wITec ChinaWITec Beijing Representative OfficeUnit 507, Landmark Tower 18 North Dongsanhuan Road Beijing, PRC., 100004Phone +86 6590 0577 [email protected]

Confocal Raman imaging system alpha300 R with UHTS 300 spectrometer


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