Words of Day 1

• 1.Civics • 2.Service economy • 3.Values • 4.Tolerance • 5.Bureaucracies• 6.Volunteerism• 7.Popular sovereignty • 8.Institutions• 9.Government

Words of Day 2

• *10.Factions – are groups set up due to a conflict in a group or nation

• 11. Parliamentary Government-• *12.Anarchy- • *13. Theocracy- • *14. Oligarchy- • 15. Limited Monarchy-• 16. Absolute Monarchy- • 17. Totalitarianism-• 18. Dictatorship- • 19. Democracy- • 20. Direct Democracy-• 21. Representative Democracy-

Words of Day 3

• Found in Chapter 5 • Responsibility-• Duty-• Draft-• Tolerance-• Bureaucracy-• Welfare-• Volunteerism-

Words of Day 4

• 21. Public policy • 22. Budget • 23. Federalism • 24. Separation of Powers • 25. Checks and Balances • 26. Republic • 27. Judicial Branch • 28. Executive Branch • 29. Legislative Branch

Types of Government Activity• Students will create a chart of the types of government (example pg 20

Civics Today)

• Students will fill in the chart with 1 or more facts about each of the governments and include 1 example of a country that uses that kind of government or has used that form of government on a sheet of paper and will be turned in. Counts as Class Work grade.

•  • 1. Absolute Monarchy• 2. Limited Monarchy • 3. Dictatorship• 4. Socialism • 5. Communism • 6. Representative Democracy • 7. Oligarchy• 8. Anarchy

P1- Citizenship and Types of Government

• Citizenship• Types of Government

I. Citizenship

• A. Civics

• B. Types of Citizens

• C. Four Steps of Naturalization Process

• D. Population: How many?

• E. Areas of Population: Where You live.

A. Civics

• 1. What is Civics? • Civics= from the Greek word civis, meaning the STUDY

OF CITIZENSHIP and GOVERNMENT.• Civics is the relationship between People and

Government

B. Government: Help or Hindrance?

• Government= Ruling authority for a community or society

• Laws= rules/ regulations of individuals/ groups

• “If Liberty, and equality, as is thought by some, are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be best attained when all persons alike share in the government to the utmost” Aristotle

• What does Aristotle mean?

C. Three (3) Functions of Government

• 1- Maintain Order (civilian) and Security (national)• a. Civilian: Laws passed/ Police enforce/ Courts convict!• b. National: Military protects/ preserves Americans!• 2- Provide Public Services= Meets needs of Masses.• a. Basic needs? • Example: Fire Department, Water & Sewer, Hospitals,

Transportation, Mail Delivery, • b. Who DETERMINES what a need is?• 3- Guiding the Community= Achieve Community GOALS!• a. How= Develop Public Policy (course of action).• b. Economic Plan= Budget (collect and spend)• c. Pay= Taxes (Income/ Property/Sales), Fines and Fees

D. Two (2) Levels of Government

• Federalism= two levels of government working together• The two levels of government in the U.S. are:

– 1) National Government (National & Federal are the same!)

– 2) State Government

1) National Government: Federal

• Three (3) Prominent Branches of Government:

• 1- Legislative: Congress– Senate & House of

Representatives

• 2- Executive: President• 3- Judicial: Supreme Court/

Federal Courts

2) NC State Government

• 1- NC State: Governor/ General Assembly / Courts

• 2- County= County Commissioners

• 3- Local= Townships/ Municipalities/ Cities

E. Citizenship: Definition and Type

• Two Types: Native Born and Naturalized

• Native-born = any citizen born IN the US or to a U.S. CITIZEN!

• Both PRESIDENT and VICE PRESIDENT must be Native Born!

Citizenship cont’d

• 2- Naturalized= immigrants who choose to become citizens through a legal process Immigration = Movement by People From ONE country to ANOTHER COUNTRY.– They settle in their new

country to become citizens.

Immigrants- Legal vs. Illegal

• Aliens= those who LEGALLY (with permission/ documentation) enter the US for a certain time period

• Ex. Those who Study Abroad, Visit Relatives, Work but live in a different country

• Legal Permission: Visa (Permission) to travel or Work Permit (Green Card?)

Immigrants- Legal vs. Illegal

• ILLEGAL Aliens= citizens of other countries living in the US WITHOUT permission and ARE not registered with State Department.

• There are approximately 12 million illegal immigrants living in the US

• Some are temporary visitors but never leave

• Some illegally cross our borders through Mexico and Canada

• Some still stay in America despite their work visa or legal permits being expired

REFUGEES

• Refugees=Any person who has willingly left his or her home to escape war, famine or other disaster

• Persecution=punishment or harassment on the basis of race, religion or political opinion in one’s country

• Reasons for Refugees to leave their country – 1) Religious– 2) Political – 3) Economic– 4) Cultural

• MOST refugees in US come from CUBA!

F. Rights of Alien/ Immigrants

• The rights of a LEGAL alien/immigrant are the same as a U.S. citizen EXCEPT:– A. Can’t vote/ Hold Office– B. May be DEPORTED (sent back)– C. Aliens may work or visit.

• Alien is anyone within the US that is NOT a US Citizen.• Why do you think many aliens decide to become

American citizens after they stay in the country for a while?

• Do people feel the same way about immigration today as they did 100 years ago?

G. Five Steps- Naturalization Process

• (must live in US for 5 years to complete process unless your married to a US citizen then it is only 3 years)

• 1-DECLARATION OF INTENT: You must declare that your intentions are to become a US citizen

• 2-APPLY: If at least 18 years old you may file an application• 3-PRELIMINARY HEARING: Meet with Agency officials to make sure you

meet necessary requirements and morally sound• 4-EXAMINATION: Exam : Questions about Reading, Writing, and Speaking

English and Basic facts about US History and Government• 5-FINAL Hearing: which is more of a CEREMONY; you swear an oath of

allegiance to be loyal to the US , Obey the Constitution, other laws, perform military and other duties if necessary

H. National Population

• Census= count of individuals living in US.– 1.Determine total number

of individuals in US.– 2.Count indicates

Migration (movement) within the US.

– April 1st 2010 National Census Day

– 23rd National Census conducted every 10 years since 1790

National Population Cont.

• Why is a census necessary?– 1) Political- to determine the # of members each State

has in Congress because this is based upon POPULATION.

– 2) Economic- Provides Federal and State governments population numbers to base Government Programs (Grants/ loans/ WIC/ Medical Services…)

National Population Cont.

• US Department of Commerce completes the census• Census is taken every 10 years

– Last census in 2000 next in 2010

• Migration= movement of people within the US borders.– People moving from East West / North South.

• Birth rates= # of children born per 1000 people within a year (given period of time)

• Death rates= # of people per 1000 who die within a year (given period of time).

Immigration Quotas• Quotas= LIMIT on the # of LEGAL

Aliens and Immigrants.– Limit based UPON US NEEDS

(Labor/ Intellectual)

• Limit by COUNTRY (I.e. Chinese generally WAIT 10 years to APPLY for Naturalization Process)

• First established in late 1800 to STOP ASIAN immigration in the West! Chinese Exclusion Act

• Usually the immigrants have SPECIAL abilities!

• Give me your= Educated and Rich• US became a BRAIN drain from other

countries.• Educated/ Highly Skilled came to live=

DEPLETING RESOURCES of other Countries.

• Impact of Communications: Internet/ Satellite.• US companies OUTSOURCE• ?Outsourcing?• ?Impact on US labor?• ?Impact on US Manufacturing?

II. Types of Government

• A. Monarchy• B. Dictatorship/Totalitarian• C. Socialism• D. Communism• E. Democracy/ Republic• F. Anarchy?• G. Oligarchy• H. Theocracy

AUTOCRACY- “Ruled by 1”

1. Monarchy-a government with a hereditary ruler

– Power handed down by birth within the ruling family

– Great Britain: Royal Family– Saudi Arabia: House of Saudi

• Absolute monarch-a monarch that has complete and unlimited power to rule his/her people (Saudi Arabia)

• Limited monarch-a monarch that has limited power shared with elected representatives (GB, Sweden, Japan)

• Divine right- in medieval times, monarchs felt that they derived their power to rule from God

Parliamentary Government (Great Britain)

• Parliamentary system-a system of government in which both executive (law enforcement) and legislative (law makers) functions reside in an elected assembly

• Legislature is called a parliament and their head of government is called the Prime Minister

Tony Blair-used to be the prime minister of Great Britain

Totalitarianism/Dictatorship2. Dictators-exercise complete control over the

state– Usually take power by force– To keep and enforce power use police and military– Ex.) Fidel Castro

• Many dictators impose totalitarian rule on their people– totalitarianism-government control extends to almost

all aspects of people’s lives– A. Ban political opposition– B. Regulate economy– C. Take away individual freedoms (religious beliefs,

right to assemble, freedom of speech/opinion)– Ex.)Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini– Current totalitarian states: Cuba and N. Korea

Socialism2. Socialism-the belief that the means of

production should be owned by and controlled by society, either directly or through the government

• Socialists felt that wealth should be distributed equally among all citizens in this system

• Karl Marx, a German thinker and writer was a socialist who encouraged violent revolution to end separation of social classes (Communism cannot be achieved without the destruction of capitalism & the movement through Socialism)

• Democratic Socialism- gov’t owned social services mixed with democratic ideals (Canada)

Communism

3. Under Communism one class would evolve and, property would all be held in common, and there would be no need for government (IDEAL)– ***Does not work, government usually takes control of

EVERYTHING (means of production, land, labor, goods and services) “POWER CORRUPTS; ABSOLUTE POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY!”

• Cannot own your own land or business• Power is usually maintained by military force• Examples today: Vietnam, China, Cuba and North

Korea

Theocracy

1.Theocracy-form of government in which religious officials rule by religious law

• EX. Iran (Sharia Law- Ayatollahs)

• Vatican

DEMOCRACY- “Ruled by the People”

• Democracy-a government in which citizens hold the power to rule– The people elect those who govern

(representation)– 2 types:

• Direct democracy-people vote firsthand on all issues (Switzerland)

• Representative democracy-people elect individuals to vote on issues (U.S.)

• Republic-representative government in which no leaders inherit office

• Majority rules: more than 50% of the vote wins• Private ownership of property/businesses• Both are a system of government in which the

people are the ultimate source of governmental power

OLIGARCHY- “Ruled by a Few”

• Oligarchy-form of government where most or all of the power rests with a small group of individuals based on military power, social status, or wealth– Hereditary rule – Form of government for some

Ancient Greek city statesChinese aristocrats

Anarchy

• No formal government• Anarchy=chaos• Unstable society• No laws AND no justice• No economic stability• Common after a collapse

of a government ex. French Revolution, 1789

• Spain 1936 which eventually led to revolution

The citizen and the community

Chapter 5Sections 1 & 2

A Citizen’s Legal Duties

• We all have certain responsibilities and duties to uphold perform in our community.– A. Responsibilities- things we should do;

they are obligations that we fulfill voluntarily – B. Duties- things that we must do

A Citizen’s Legal Duties cont.

• A.Obey laws• B. Pay taxes• C. Defend the nation

– All men aged 18-25 are required to register in the draft (to call up people for military service)

• D. Serve in court• E. Attend school until

the age of 16

Civic Responsibilities

• Be informed of current events.

• Speak up and vote.– “The ultimate rulers of our

democracy are not a president and senators and congressmen and government officials but the voters of this country.” ~Franklin D. Roosevelt

Civic Responsibilities Cont.

• Respect others’ rights.• Respect diversity

– Tolerance- respecting and accepting others, regardless of their beliefs, practices, or differences

• Contribute to the common good

Volunteering in Your Community

• Volunteering in Your Community

The Need for Citizens’ Involvement

• Vocabulary– Community-a group of

people who share the same interests and concerns

– Bureaucracies-complex systems with many departments, many rules, and many people, in the chain of command

– Welfare-the health, prosperity, and happiness of all members of the community

• Citizens’ involvement is needed to aid the government in making our country a better place to live.

Donating Time and Money

• Volunteerism-the practice of offering your time and services to others without payment.– In 2000, individual

Americans gave more than $250 billion to charity.

– Most donations through individual citizens

Charitable Organizations- •More than 1 million charities are officially registered with the Federal GovernmentMany are small and locally basedSchool-Based Programs- •More than half of all US middle and high schools arrange for community service for the students to complete

Volunteers in Action• National Service Programs

– Peace Corps- Americans work together to fight poverty, disease, and war in the poorest corners of the world.

– AmeriCorps- Help meet the nation’s need in education, public safety, health, and the environment

– SeniorCorps- Provides volunteer opportunities to Americans aged 55 or older

• Foster Grandparents work one on one with students with special needs, help other seniors, volunteer opportunities in the communities

– USA Freedom Corps- program brings together the Peace Corps, Ameri Corps, and Senior Corps

• Respond to national emergencies• Rebuilding our communities• Extending compassion throughout the world

The Benefits of Volunteering

• By volunteering we make our community better places to live and gain new opportunities to learn, make friends, and improve our teamwork, leadership and problem-solving skills.