workshop on climate change mainstreaming into higher education institutes, bahir dar
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Carbon offsets in African smallholder farms - and ecological and economic way to counterbalance the global climate change Veli Pohjonen Tana-Beles WME project, Ethiopia / University of Helsinki. Workshop on Climate Change Mainstreaming into Higher Education Institutes, Bahir Dar - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Carbon offsets in African smallholder farmsCarbon offsets in African smallholder farms- and ecological and economic way to counterbalance the global - and ecological and economic way to counterbalance the global
climate changeclimate change
Veli PohjonenVeli PohjonenTana-Beles WME project, Ethiopia / Tana-Beles WME project, Ethiopia /
University of HelsinkiUniversity of Helsinki
Workshop on Climate Change Workshop on Climate Change Mainstreaming into Higher Education Mainstreaming into Higher Education
Institutes, Institutes,
Bahir DarBahir Dar
14 January 201114 January 2011
COCO22 in our air in our air
Despite climate conventions in Kyoto, Despite climate conventions in Kyoto, Copenhagen and Cancun:Copenhagen and Cancun:
COCO22 concentration of the air is rising concentration of the air is rising
24 per cent between 1958 - 201024 per cent between 1958 - 2010
COCO22 in Mauna Loa, Hawaiji 1958-2010 in Mauna Loa, Hawaiji 1958-2010
Two ways to combatTwo ways to combat
Through the Through the sourcessources: reduce CO2 : reduce CO2 emissions. Attempted for 20 years in emissions. Attempted for 20 years in the polluting countriesthe polluting countries
Through the Through the sinkssinks: increase Carbon : increase Carbon
Offsets to trees. Ecological way.Offsets to trees. Ecological way.
Carbon Offsets to treesCarbon Offsets to trees
Conserve and manage the existing Conserve and manage the existing natural forestsnatural forests
Establish block plantationsEstablish block plantations
Smallholder farmsSmallholder farms
Carbon Offsets in smallholder farms Carbon Offsets in smallholder farms
Plant treesPlant trees Count the trees in year 1Count the trees in year 1 Define the carbon stock in year 1 (= Define the carbon stock in year 1 (=
A, tn C/farm)A, tn C/farm) Recount the trees in year 2Recount the trees in year 2 Define the carbon stock in year 2 (= Define the carbon stock in year 2 (=
B, tn C/farm)B, tn C/farm) Carbon Offset = B – A (tn C/farm/yr)Carbon Offset = B – A (tn C/farm/yr)
Ato Minale Hailu, Gelawdeos, Dera: Ato Minale Hailu, Gelawdeos, Dera: A= 5.0 tn C/farm, B= 5.5 tn C/farmA= 5.0 tn C/farm, B= 5.5 tn C/farm
Carbon Offset B-A = 0.5 tn C/farm/yrCarbon Offset B-A = 0.5 tn C/farm/yr
Excel model: Ato Minale Hailu AExcel model: Ato Minale Hailu A12.11.200912.11.2009
Excel model: Ato Minale Hailu BExcel model: Ato Minale Hailu B23.11.201023.11.2010
Carbon Offsets into MoneyCarbon Offsets into Money
Ato Minale Hailu’s Carbon OffsetsAto Minale Hailu’s Carbon Offsets
A = 5.044 tn C/farmA = 5.044 tn C/farm
B = 5.465 tn C/farmB = 5.465 tn C/farm
B-A = 0.421 tn C/farm/yrB-A = 0.421 tn C/farm/yr
How much in Birr is the Carbon Offset B-A ?How much in Birr is the Carbon Offset B-A ?
Counterbalancing Pricing principleCounterbalancing Pricing principle
Polluter in Europe must pay for the Polluter in Europe must pay for the CO2 emissions (CO2 emissions (http://www.ecx.eu/ ) )
Price of CO2 = 15.08 Euro / tn CO2Price of CO2 = 15.08 Euro / tn CO2 Price of C = 55.29 Euro / tn C (factor Price of C = 55.29 Euro / tn C (factor
44/12)44/12) Price of C = 1236 Birr / tn (exch rate Price of C = 1236 Birr / tn (exch rate
22.35)22.35) Tree farmer should be paid 1236 Birr Tree farmer should be paid 1236 Birr
per tn Offsetted Carbonper tn Offsetted Carbon
Ato Minale Hailu: Birr value of Ato Minale Hailu: Birr value of Offsetted Carbon Offsetted Carbon
Carbon Offset in one year Carbon Offset in one year (12.11.2009 – 23.11.2010), B-A = (12.11.2009 – 23.11.2010), B-A = 0.421 tn C/farm/yr0.421 tn C/farm/yr
Price of Carbon 1236 Birr / tn CPrice of Carbon 1236 Birr / tn C
Value of Offsetted Carbon: Value of Offsetted Carbon: 526 Birr / 526 Birr / yr yr
How to organize Carbon Offset trade?How to organize Carbon Offset trade?
Ato Minale Hailu and co-farmers group Ato Minale Hailu and co-farmers group into Forest Producers Organization (FPO)into Forest Producers Organization (FPO)
FPO buys once a year the Carbon FPO buys once a year the Carbon Offsets from member farmersOffsets from member farmers
FPO sells the Carbon Offsets to FPO sells the Carbon Offsets to Ethiopian Carbon Offset Export AgencyEthiopian Carbon Offset Export Agency
The Export Agency sells the Carbon The Export Agency sells the Carbon Offsets to International Carbon Trade Offsets to International Carbon Trade markets markets
Challenges for trainingChallenges for training
Defining the carbon stock, Defining the carbon stock, development of the Excel modeldevelopment of the Excel model
Monitoring & Evaluation (M &E) of Monitoring & Evaluation (M &E) of the Carbon stock in Forest Producers’ the Carbon stock in Forest Producers’ Organization and in the single farmsOrganization and in the single farms
Use of IT – technology (mobile Use of IT – technology (mobile phones, GPS) in carbon data phones, GPS) in carbon data communication, carbon payments communication, carbon payments and M & Eand M & E
Ecological advantagesEcological advantages
Carbon Offsets trade encourages Carbon Offsets trade encourages farmers to plant more treesfarmers to plant more trees
Planting of trees further away from all Planting of trees further away from all weather road increasesweather road increases
Planting of trees on most eroded sites Planting of trees on most eroded sites increasesincreases
Perpetuum Mobile (PM) – Plantarum Perpetuum Mobile (PM) – Plantarum MobileMobile
Economic advantagesEconomic advantages
Farmers get added value from planted treesFarmers get added value from planted trees The value of Atana-based smallholder The value of Atana-based smallholder
forestry increases annually by about 10 per forestry increases annually by about 10 per centcent
Player’s are many (e.g. 12.2 mill. Player’s are many (e.g. 12.2 mill. Smallholders in Ethiopia)Smallholders in Ethiopia)
Carbon offsets are to be understood as Carbon offsets are to be understood as export article from forestry, like exporting export article from forestry, like exporting atanas to Sudanatanas to Sudan
A new export article is added to Ethiopian A new export article is added to Ethiopian international trade international trade
Model to other AfricaModel to other Africa
Smallholder tree planting is on a good drive in Smallholder tree planting is on a good drive in Ethiopia, especially in Amhara regionEthiopia, especially in Amhara region
Farmers are motivated especially after Farmers are motivated especially after successful steps in land tenure and certificationsuccessful steps in land tenure and certification
Forestry training in universities and colleges has Forestry training in universities and colleges has long traditions in Ethiopialong traditions in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is already converting into Carbon Tower Ethiopia is already converting into Carbon Tower of Africa. This accelerates with Carbon tradingof Africa. This accelerates with Carbon trading
Ethiopia can thus be the model for the other Ethiopia can thus be the model for the other AfricaAfrica
Carbon Tower of African HornCarbon Tower of African Horn