Suggested topics:

1. Students of FLF with self-study2. Forms of self-study among students3. Improving students’ self-study through evaluation4. Effects of students’ home preparation on their

understanding lecturers in class5. Effects of reading on students’ speaking

proficiency6. Influences of part-time work on study ability of

students FLF

7. Genders and abilities of making presentations of FLF students

8. The relationship between vocabulary knowledge and students’ reading proficiency

9. Influences of vocabulary knowledge on students’ listening comprehension

10. University students’ speaking and listening abilities- problems and solutions

11. Efficient ways to study business terms for second-year students of banking university

What to include in a working bibliography

• For books, record:1. author (last name first)2. title3. publication information (city, publisher, year)• For periodical articles, record:1. author (last name first)2. title of article3. title of periodical 4. date5. volume and issue number6. page numbers

• For Internet and other electronic documents, record:

1. author (last name first)2. title of document3. internet address4. date of most recent revision5. date of access

Bibliography card for a book

Hiskes, Ann L., and Richard I. Hiskes. Science, Technology, and Policy Decisions. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2006.

Bibliography card for a periodical

Kalette, Denise. “Voice Mail Taps Wrath of Callers.” USA Today, 2 Mar. 2007: 2A-2B.

Bibliography of an Internet source

Asseo, Laurie. “Too Young to Be Executed?” Nando Times, Apr. 2005. 12 Jan. 2007 <http://www.nando.net/newsroom/ntn/voices/042498/voices5_17067_body.html.>

• Some people learn best in a teacher-guided, formal learning situation, while others prefer a self-directed, informal or independent study approach.

• Proper research and note-taking procedure begins with a statement of thesis and a tentative outline. While reading, the student must check his preliminary outline for possible revision.

• Formulate a statement of thesis from: » preliminary reading » examination of the sources in the preparation of the

working bibliography.» discussing the topic with the instructor

» thinking about the subject

• The thesis statement is stated in the form of a problem that the researcher hopes to resolve through his research.

• The thesis statement will be the guide which will enable him to focus his research and help him in the outlining of the R.P.

Preliminary outline:

• The outline is not pertinent until the paper has been written.

• Care exercised in the preparation of this tentative outline will require a minimum of changes later, and the fewer changes, the less time spent in needless reading, note-taking and revising.

• Preliminary outlining is an organizational process.

• Headings of the outline should be written using at least major and minor headings, with the levels of headings numerically distinguished, e.g.

The Title of the TopicPreliminary Outline

Statement of Thesis:…………………………1

1.11.1.1

• Follow a chronological, emphatic, logical, or cause and effect order, comparison and contrast, description, classification, process order,…

• Always keeping the thesis statement of thesis before him, the researcher should list those topics that he thinks should be discussed in his paper.

• After listing all possible topics, the researcher should check each one against his thesis statement, asking himself, “Will this help to prove my thesis?”

• The preliminary outline is: »to be used as a guide.»tentative» continually subject to revision

This is an example of a tentative outline.

Topic: The Effects of Reading on Students’ Writing proficiency

Statement of thesis: There is evidence to support the hypothesis that reading positively influences students’ writing proficiency.

I. Introduction 1.1 The problem 1.2 The objective(s) of the study

II. Background to the studyIII. Literature Review 3.1 Theoretical background to the research 3.1.1 A historical background of the reading / writing

connection 3.1.2 The nature of writing 3.1.2.1 Writing: a highly recursive process 3.1.2.2 Writing and grammar 3.1.3 The effects of reading on writing proficiency 3.1.3.1 Providing ideas – the heart of the piece 3.1.3.2 Improving the craft of writing

3.2 Previous studies examining the influence of reading upon writing

3.2.1 The influence of L1 reading on L1 writing proficiency

3.2.2 The influence of both L1 and L2 reading on L2 writing proficiency

IV. Research Methodology 4.1 Research questions 4.2 Research design 4.2.1 Subjects to study 4.2.2 Research instruments: questionnaires 4.2.3 Data collection procedures

V. Data analysis and findings 5.1 Responses to survey questionnaires 5.2 Analysis using the scores 5.3 Findings VI. Implications and recommendations 6.1 Implications 6.2 Recommendations 6.2.1 Extensive reading 6.2.2 Reading like a writer 6.2.3 Writing exercisesVII. Conclusion