writing formulas!
DESCRIPTION
Writing Formulas!. All compounds and molecules are neutral. Ions have charges. Bonding - a chemical attachment that forms a new substance. This new substance has new chemical and physical properties. Example: Sodium is an explosive metal. Chlorine is a toxic gas. Sodium chloride is salt. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Writing Formulas!
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All compounds and molecules are neutral.
Ions have charges.
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Bonding - a chemical attachment that forms a new substance.
This new substance has new chemical and physical properties
Example: Sodium is an explosive metal.Chlorine is a toxic gas.Sodium chloride is salt.
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Metals Tend to lose e- Conductors Malleable and ductile
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Nonmetals Tend to gain e- Non-conductors Brittle
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+1+2 -1-2-3Most common charges
+3
variable charges(always positive)
+2+1
±4 0
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Remember…
Opposites attract
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I. Bonds
Ionic Bond- an exchange of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal.
This creates oppositely charge ions that are attracted to each other.
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-Losing e- forms a Losing e- forms a cation (+ ion)cation (+ ion)
-Cats have paws-Cations are pawsitive
-Gaining e- forms an Gaining e- forms an anion (- ion)anion (- ion) -Onions make you cryOnions make you cry-Anions are negativeAnions are negative
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I. BondsB. Covalent Bonds
- Formed by sharing electrons- Between two nonmetal atoms
C. C. MetallicMetallic Bonds Bonds- Formed by a - Formed by a sea of electronssea of electrons passing over the metal atoms passing over the metal atoms- flexible connection, does not - flexible connection, does not
form a fixed moleculeform a fixed molecule
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II. CompoundsA. Ionic Compounds - They only have two
elements - the total amount of
positive charge must equal the total amount of negative charge
Compounds MUST be neutral
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II. CompoundsA. Ionic Compounds
- subscripts are used to show how many of each element is needed to balance the overall charge
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II. CompoundsA. Ionic Compounds
- the metal's name does not change
- the nonmetal retains the root of its name and adds the suffix -ide
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Sodium and Chlorine
11+ 17+
11+ and 10- = 1+
Na+
17+ and 18- = 1-
Cl-
+-
NaCl sodium chloride
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Magnesium and Oxygen
12+ 8+
12+ and 10- = 2+
Mg2+
8+ and 10- = 2-
O2-
2+ 2-
MgO magnesium oxide
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Magnesium and Chlorine
17+ and 18- = 1-
Cl-17+ and 18- = 1-
Cl-12+ and 10- = 2+
Mg2+
17+ 12+ 17+
- -2+
MgCl2 magnesium chloride
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Na +1 and Cl -1
NaCl
sodium chlorideWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Na +1 and O -2
Na2O
sodium oxideWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Al +3 and Cl -1
AlCl3
aluminum chlorideWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Al +3 and O -2
Al2O3
aluminum oxideWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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II. Compounds
- the formula of an ionic compound must be in the lowest whole number ratio of the two elements to form a neutral compound (empirical formula)
A. Ionic Compounds
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Mg +2 and O -2
MgO
magnesium oxideWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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II. Compounds
- metals with variable charges must include the charge in the name using Roman numerals
A. Ionic Compounds
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Pb +2 and O -2
PbO
lead (II) oxideWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Mn +4 and O -2
MnO2
manganese (IV) oxideWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Cu +2 and N -3
Cu3N2
copper (II) nitrideWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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II. Compounds
Polyatomic ions- a group of covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge that react as a group
A. Ionic Compounds2. Polyatomic ion Compounds
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Cu+2 and SO4 -2
Cu SO4
copper (II) sulfateWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Na+1 and SO4 -2
Na2 SO4
sodium sulfateWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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II. Compounds
If more than one polyatomic ion is needed to make a neutral compound, you must use parenthesis to group the ion.
A. Ionic Compounds2. Polyatomic ion Compounds
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Ba+2 and OH -1
Ba(OH)2
barium hydroxideWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Ionic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
Al+3 and SO4 -2
Al2 (SO4)3
aluminum sulfateWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Nonmetals
Tend to gain e- Nonconductor Brittle
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II. Compounds
Nonmetals want to gain electrons. When two nonmetals are together, they share the electrons.
B. Covalent (Molecular) Compounds
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Hydrogen and Hydrogen
H
H2
H
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Nitrogen and Hydrogen (Ammonia)
H
H
HN
NH3
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Hydrogen and OxygenH2O
H H
O
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II. CompoundsNaming covalent compounds- Because covalent compounds may
form different compounds between two nonmetals with different ratios, the subscripts are denoted in the name by a prefix.
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Covalent Nomenclature1 mono2 di3 tri4 tetra5 pent
6 hex7 hept8 oct9 non10 dec
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II. CompoundsNaming covalent compounds- The element on the left will go first in the
name.- The element on the right will go last
in the name. The root remains the same, but the suffix –ide is added.
- The prefix in front of each element give the number of atoms (subscript written behind.)
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Covalent NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
1 carbon 1 oxide
CO
carbon monoxide
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Covalent NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
1 carbon 2 oxide
CO2
carbon dioxide
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Covalent NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
2 phosphorus 5 oxide
P2O5
diphosphorus pentoxide
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Is it covalent or ionic?Covalent- Look for prefixes (except dichromate)
- 2 nonmetals
- prefixes become subscripts
- Remember these are the easy ones. No charges! No crisscross!
Ionic- metal & nonmetal or metal & polyatomic
- write the symbol and charge
- balance charges to form a neutral compound (crisscross)
- check to make sure you have the lowest whole number ratio!
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Write the formulas for these
lithium permanganate tetraiodide monoxide tin (II) oxide tin (IV) oxide diphosphorus pentoxide aluminum dichromate tetrasulfur hexaphosphide
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Write the names of the following: KCl Cl2O7 CuSO3
CO2 CrN NaNO3
Sb2S3
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Write the formulas for these
nitrogen trioxide magnesium cyanide copper (II) hydroxide carbon tetrafluoride iron (III) bicarbonate manganese (IV) chlorite iron (III) carbonate
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Write the names of the following: BaCl2 CaSO4
(NH4)2O LiCN Fe(OH)3 Na3N NiPO4
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Write the names of the following: N2O NO2 PbO PbO2
Na2S CBr4 (NH4)2CO3
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II. Compounds
The anion changes its suffix:-ate converts to -ic acid-ite converts to -ous acid-ide converts to hydro--ic acid
C. Acids - (Special Ionic Compounds)3. Acids- ionic compounds that start with H+1 plus an anion
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II. Compounds
You –ate something and it made you s–ick,
and you mite give it to -ous.
C. Acids - (Special Ionic Compounds) 3. Acids- ionic compounds that start with H+1 plus an anion
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Acidic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
H+1 and Cl -1
HCl
hydrochloric acidWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Acidic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
H+1 and SO3 -2
H2SO3
sulfurous acidWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Acidic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
H+1 and SO4 -2
H2SO4
sulfuric acidWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Acidic NomenclatureWhat is the formula for
H+1 and CrO4 -2
H2CrO4
chromic acidWhat are the symbols and charges?
How many of each atom is needed to make the compound neutral?
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Write the names of the following:HBr H2SO4
H3PO4
HNO2
HC2H3O2 H2CO3
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Write the formulas for these
chloric acidsulfurous acidchromic acidhydrophosphoric acidcarbonic acidhydroiodic acid