wwi “the great war” or “the war to end all wars”
TRANSCRIPT
WWI “The Great War” or
“The War to End all Wars”
New Weapons
WWI- Major Players
Major Players• President Wilson• Kaiser Wilhelm• David Lloyd George• Georges Clemenceau
WWI- Causes
There were four causes of WWI1. Nationalism- devotion to interests and
cultures of one’s own nation–Competition–Ethnic groups
• Many wanted to be independent• Many wanted to be protected
–Ex. Russia and Serbia
WWI- Causes
2. Imperialism–Contest for colonies
• Ex Germany vs. France and Britain
WWI- Causes
3. Militarism- devotion of armed forces and use of them as diplomacy tool–Germany had the strongest army by
1890 then wanted the strongest navy• Britain didn’t like this
WWI- Causes
4. Alliance System– There were 2 major alliance systems
• Triple Entente- (Allies)–France, Britain, Russia
• Triple Alliance –Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy–Central Powers Ottoman Empire,
Germany and Austria- Hungary
WWI- Causes
These gave a feeling of security to the world because no one wanted to upset the balance
of power.
WWI- The BeginningThe Balkan Peninsula was the “Powder Keg” of
Europe• Everyone wanted it for different reasons
WWI- The Beginning
In June of 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to Austrian throne went to Bosnian capital of Sarajevo
• He and his wife were assassinated• This lead to an international disaster
The Moment That Sparked the War
• It was June 28 in 1914• Archduke Francis
Ferdinand drove in a motorcade through Sarajevo
• His wife, Sophie, sat beside him
• They were both assassinated by a nineteen-year-old Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princep
Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answers.
the Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife
Sarajevo to avenge the seizure of Bosnia by Austria
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1
WWI- War Begins
• On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
• On August 1, 1914 Germany declared war against Russia
• August 3, 1914 Germany declared war on France
• Britain declared war against Germany after it invaded Belgium
WWI- War Begins
These were all due to the alliance system
ALLIANCES
The Triple Entente represented an alliance between France, Russiaand Great Britain.
The Triple Alliance was an agreement between Austria-Hungary,Germany, and Italy to help and to defend each other.
Austro-Hungarian Flag Italian Flag
German Flag
British Flag
French Flag
Russian Flag
LEADERS
King George V Great Britain
President Raymond Poincare France
Czar Nicholas II Russia
Franz Josef Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary Kaiser Wilhelm II
Germany
Victor Emmanuel III Italy
TRIPLE Entente
TRIPLE ALLIANCE
Maps and Charts 1
M.A.N.I.A.• Militarism
• Alliance
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Assassination
..\WW1 history.flv
WWI- War Begins
The Schlieffen Plan- Germany’s war plan• They would hold action against Russia• They would go through Belgium to Paris• Then the two armies would meet and take
on Russia
WWI- War Begins
• The Allies had to retreat to the Marne River in France
• They stopped the German advance in September of 1914 and dug in
• By the Spring of 1915 there were trenches that crossed France from Belgium coast to Swiss Alps
WWI- Life in the Trenches
There were 3 types of trenches1. Front line2. Support3. Reserve
WWI- Life in the Trenches
There was something also known as “No Man’s Land”
• This was a barren expanse of land covered in mud, shell craters, and barbed wire
British Trenches
German Trenches
No Man’s Land
WWI- Life in the Trenches
Trench Warfare is the fighting for mere yards of ground-
It would last for over 3 years
WWI- Life in the TrenchesMen lived night and day in these areas
WWI- Life in the Trenches
• The trenches were filled with all manner of things– They were covered in filth with decaying
bodies around them– There was blood and human feces and urine – There were lice and rats everywhere– The water was polluted– There was poison gas all around
WWI- Life in the Trenches
–Dysentery was common –Trench foot- were the foot would begin to
rot and it had to be amputated
–Trench mouth
Mushy Trenches = Trench Foot
Trench Mouth
• ..\WORLD WAR ONE TRENCH WARFARE.flv
WWI- Life in the Trenches
• “Shell Shock” was common during this time–This is a complete emotional collapse
of the soldiers
WWI- Battles Begin• The First Battle of Somme started on July 1, 1916 • It was over 7 miles of land• It lasted through mid-November• 60,000 British were killed on the first day• 1.2 million men were killed total• ..\War Horse - Blue Bonnets.flv
WWI- Battles Begin
The British blockaded German waters• This included food and fertilizer• Also included neutral ports
WWI- Battles Begin
Results of blockade–The US didn’t challenge the blockade–Germany didn’t have enough food-
750,000 people starved –Germany puts in U-Boats
America Questions What to Do
There were two main opposition groups for the United States to enter the war
• The socialists – Believed that the war was a capitalist and
imperialist struggle to control the markets and colonies in China
• The Pacifists– Believed that war is evil and the US should set the
tone for the rest of the world with peace• William Jennings Bryon
• Others didn’t want their sons to fight or experience war
The U.S. however had major ties with the Allies• Trade• Ties to Britain
In 1917 however the US began to mobilize for war against Germany
Why?• To ensure Allied payment of debts• To stop the German threat to shipping
The British blockaded German waters• This included food and fertilizer• Also included neutral ports
Results of blockade–The US didn’t challenge the blockade–Germany didn’t have enough food-
750,000 people starved –Germany puts in U-Boats
German U-Boats
• Germany declares any ship found in water around Brittan would be sunk– Lusitania- British liner was sunk off the
coast of Ireland• 1,198 dead, 128 were US citizens• It changed public opinion on the war in
the US• US threatened Germany to not sink any
more ships
Lusitania
Lusitania
Lusitania
Lusitania
Lusitania- German Postcard
Lusitania
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q4xcPR_pN4
German U-Boats
• Germany sank two more ships• Then agreed to not sink any more passenger
ships if the US persuaded Britain to lift the blockade on food and fertilizers
WWI- The US Declared War
• Jan 31, 1917 Kaiser Wilhelm said that U-boats would sink all boats on sight
• Wilson still waited to declare war for “overt acts”
WWI- The US Declared WarOvert Acts that led to the U.S. entering the war1. Zimmerman Notes
– Were a proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico• Mexico would get Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona2. Sinking of 4 unarmed merchant ships3. Russian monarchy was replaced
• Now it was a war of democracies vs monarchies
WWI- U.S. Entered the War
War Declared• On April 2, 1917 Wilson made his War
Resolution–To pave the way for future order of
peace and freedom–To make democracy safe
WWI- U.S. Entered the War
US turned the tide of the war• Convoy system- guard of destroyers escort
merchant ships• Laid mine barrier in North Sea• The freshness and enthusiasm of US soldiers
bolstered Allied troops
Convoy System
• Convoy System
WWI- U.S. Entered the War
• The freshness and enthusiasm of US soldiers bolstered Allied troops
Fighting – AEF- American expeditionary Force
• Lead by General Pershing
Fighting –Alvin York- mountaineer and
blacksmith from Tennessee»On Oct. 8, 1918 with a rifle and
revolver he and 6 “doughboys” took 132 prisoners and killed 25 Germans
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boDRQxvXaKU
Alvin York
• Doughboy which has become so closely associated with the soldiers of the American Expeditionary Force in WWI. Our minds must be cast back to 1916 and the punitive expedition across the Mexican border to catch the infamous Pancho Villa. Coined as a term of derision toward infantrymen, as they became covered in the fine adobe dust thrown up by cavalry hooves and motor transport wheels, the term soon evolved into quite the opposite as it would mark the men as combat veterans.who had gone overseas to do their bit for Uncle Sam.
WWI- Russia Pulled Out
Russia pulled out of war in 1917• Germany moved toward France
– U.S. stopped Germany’s advance• September Americans made offensive moves
against Germans
WWI EndsCollapse of Germany• November 3, 1918 Austria-Hungary
surrendered• German sailors mutiny• Soldiers and workers in Germany make
revolutionary councils
WWI Ends• November 9, 1918- socialist leaders in Berlin
establish a German republic and the Kaiser abdicates
• There were no allied troops on German soil- but the soldiers were too tired to continue
WWI Ends
On the 11 day, the 11 hour, in the 11th month of 1918 Germany declared a cease-fire and signed
an armistice
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on November 11, at 5 A.M., Paris time in Paris
at 11:00 A.M. Paris timeThey rejoiced.
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4
New “Toys”
New Ways of War
German U-Boats 1914
Machine Guns- Could fire as many as
1000 rounds a minute by end of war.
- Created extraordinary casualty rates for massed infantry attacks.
- Used primarily as defensive weapons during the war. (Too heavy for offensive use)
Snipers
Snipers
High Explosives Artillery Responsible for
most deaths and damage in war.
155 mm Howitzer
Zeppelin
"Hate is a dish served best fast and hot“
Dog Fights- ..\1917 World War One Dogfight..flv
..\Flyboys - Last Dogfight Scene (SPOILER!!!).flv
WWI- New Weapons
– Tanks – Airplane-
• Red Baron- Manfried von Richthofen• Eddie Rickenbacker- American Ace of
Aces– Observation Balloons– Women were allowed to join the army
corps of nurses
WWI- Effects
• Death Toll– 22 million dead- more than half were civilians– 20 million wounded– 10 million refugees
• US– 48,000 died in battle– 62,000 from disease– 200,000 were wounded
CountriesTotal
MobilizedKilled
& Died Wounded
Prisoners& Missing
TotalCasualties
Casualties % of
Mobilized
Allied Powers
Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000 76.3
France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800 76.3
British Empire
8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235 35.8
Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000 39.1
United States
4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800 8.2
Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210 0.2
Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706 71.4
Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106 46.8
Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061 34.9
Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 17,000 11.7
Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291 33.3
Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000 40.0
Total 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209 52.3
Central Powers
Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558 64.9
Austria-Hungary
7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000 90.0
Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34.2
Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919 22.2
Total 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477 67.4
Grand Total 65,038,810 8,538,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686 57.6
WAR ON THE HOMEFRONT
War on the Home front
• Government expanded• Wilson was given control over the economy
– Power to fix prices– Power to regulate and nationalize certain
industries
War on the Home front
• War Industries Board– Mass production technology to increase efforts– Standardize products ( less choices)– Production went up 20%– Retail prices doubled in 1 year– Corporate profits went up
War on the Home front
• Railroad Administration- control RR• Fuel Administration- ration gas and heating oil
– “gasless Sundays”– Lightless nights– Daylight savings
War on the Home front
• Food Administration– Produce and conserve food
• Clean plate• Victory gardens• Children plant tomatoes and cucumbers in the parks
• The government uses propaganda to push forward their policies
Volunteers
• http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/homefront/gallery.html
• The Selective Service Act of 1917 was implemented. – It required all men over the age of 18 to sign up to
be drafted.
War on the Home front
• Anti-Immigrant Problems– Conformity rule-
• Those of German descent had problems• No music , book, or language from Germany• Changed names of German things to liberty
• Espionage and Sedition Acts– Fined and sentenced for interfering in the war
effort or saying anything disloyal abou government and the war
War on the Home front
• Women took over men’s jobs– Helped them win suffrage
• There was a flu epidemic which killed affected ¼ of US population– Around the world 30 million died
• Women who worked factory jobs during this time were known as “canaries”.
WWI- Wilson’s PeaceWilson’s Peace• Wilson wanted a just and lasting peace• He came up with his 14 points
– The first 5 were to prevent another war from happening
– The next 8 were about boundary changes- letting boundaries be based on ethnic identities
– The 14th point was the creation of a League of Nations- where countries could discuss their problem instead of resorting to war
– ..\Fourteen Points (14 T-Shirt Challenge) - @MrBettsClass.mp4
WWI- Effects
Problems with Peace• France wanted to make sure there would be
no more invasions• Britain wanted to payback the Germans• Did not include the Central Powers or Russia
WWI- Effects
Treaty of Versailles• There would be 9 new nations including
Poland• France and Britain would get temporary
colonies• Germany could not keep an army• Germany had to pay reparations $33 billion
to the Allies• Alsace-Lorraine went to France
WWI- Effects
Weaknesses of Treaty• It humiliated Germany
– War-Guilt Clause- Germany had to admit to sole responsibility of the war
– Germany had no way to repay debt– Germany had no colonial possessions– Russia lost more territory than Germany- it will
begin to retake territory in 1922
What does this cartoon say about Germany’s feelings toward the Treaty of Versailles?
WWI- Effects
Legacy of World War I- The Great War• Destruction and life lost• Political systems are instable• Crops and fields are torn apart • Military fascist control will occur in Italy,
Spain, and Germany
• ..\New Aerial Footage Of WW1 Discovered.flv
Aftermath
WWI- Effects
The End