WWII

Isolationist impulse of the 20’s

• No League of Nations• Return to Normalcy• War Debt fiasco• Washington Conference 1921– Disarmament and Open Door in China

• Kellogg-Briand Pact (War what is it good for, absolutely nothing)

Bye Bye Philippines…

• Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934– Provides for independence of Philippines by 1946

Good Neighbor

• 1933 Pan-American conference– US supported a resolution declaring that no nation “has the

right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another.”

• Marines withdrew from Nicaragua and Haiti in 1934– Platt amendment in Cuba ends

• Reversal of Wilsonian ideals…FDR seen to be a hero

Reciprocal Trade Agreements

• If you lower your tariffs we will lower ours– Designed to increase exports

• Cordell Hull was Sec of State negotiated 29 deals by 1945.

• Radically changed foundations of trade…we were protectionists since Civil War.

America values neutrality• Whereas the 20’s was a time of disarmament, the 30’s

was a time of militarism– Japan, Italy, German

• At home they blamed the war profiteers as merchants of death– The Nye Investigation

• Neutrality Acts of 1935, ‘36 and ’37.– Tailored to keep the U.S. out of war-cannot trade w/belligerents – Marked end of “freedom of seas” policy– Calamity in Spain (Spanish Civil War 1936-1939)

• Navy was allowed to deteriorate

Not everyone is so “Neutral”

• Japan invades China in 1933– Japan then violates all of the agreements they made.

– How do we respond?

• Italy invades…Ethiopia?– Rise of Fascism

• This little guy becomes dictator in Germany– Starts re-arming and ignoring Versailles

• Rome, Berlin, Tokyo “Axis” formed in 1937

Formative Assessment TimeCan you explain:

• “Isolation” in the 20’s• Good Neighbor• Reciprocal Trade• Philippines• Nye• Neutrality Acts• Effect of Neutrality Acts

Hitler begins the European War

• Annexation of Austria in 1938• Sudentenland and then Munich Conf in 1938• Czechoslovakia and Poland in 1939• What should America do?• Neutrality Act 1939– “Cash and Carry” begun

1940 was a big year

• Paris Falls• Battle of Britain• What should we do?• Peacetime draft!• Election of 3rd term!

1941• The “Great Arsenal of Democracy”– “Lend-Lease”

• President has authority to sell, transfer, exchange, lease, etc. arms or other equipment to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the U.S.”

• Republicans and Midwest was against

• Hitler was no historian-Invades Russia– “If Hitler invaded hell, I would at least make a favorable reference to the Devil

in the House of Commons”

• August, 1941…secret meeting…ssshhhhhh!– Atlantic Charter…kind of like Versailles discussion

• Self-determination, freedom of seas, new international system of security

Can you recall…• Austria 1938• Sudentenland• Appeasement• Neutrality of 1939• France• Battle Of Britain• Non-Aggression Pact and what happened• Lend-Lease• Atlantic Charter

Japan had eyes on controlling Pacific/Asia

• Washington Conference basically gave them control of the area as the US and GB decided to shrink presence.

• Began by invading Manchuria• Then Indochina (Vietnam)• Then Thailand• We tell them to stop! (embargo)• Then it hits the fan…=