yvonne hübner - electric vehicle and infrastructure trials in the north east of england
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Electric vehicle and
infrastructure trials in the
North East of England
Dr. Yvonne Hübner
Transport Operations Research Group
Newcastle University
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SWITCH-EV trial
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• Programme Nationally funded by the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV)
• £7.8m over 3 years to March 2013
• Install 1300 charging points
• Public & private access, workplace, domestic & Quick charging points
• With interoperability, comms capability & EV user support
• Work with OLEV and other UK PIP projects to :
• Advance the development of common standards,
• evaluate different technologies,
• harmonise local incentives,
• understand user-behaviours & impact upon infrastructure
Plugged in Places (PIP)
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Data collection
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Trip summary
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Journey statistics
• Average journey length: 8.93 km
• Longest journey: 117.3 km
• Average journey duration: 33:12 min
• Total journey distance: 65,036 km
• Total number of journeys: 7,196
• Total number of charges: 2,199
• Total energy transferred: 11,595 kWh
Data from Dec 2010 to May 2011
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Cumulative % of total trips
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Distance (miles)
SWITCH-EV data
DfTdata (2006)
Source: DfT Carbon Pathways Analysis
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Estimate of journey length before the trial
• People were asked in the pre-trip questionnaire: “How many miles do you expect to complete per trip?”
• Compared to actual journey length, people over-estimate their trip length.
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
0-5
mile
s
6-1
0 m
iles
11
-15 m
iles
16
-20 m
iles
21
-25 m
iles
26
-50 m
iles
50 m
iles +
I cannot pre
dic
t / m
y
usage is e
xpecte
d …
How many miles do you expect to complete per trip?
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Topology
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Driver behaviour
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Range for EVs
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Work and home energy transfer
distribution
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EV recharging profiles
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UK power demand profile
Source: National Grid
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Theoretical limits vs real world
• The carbon content of electricity for a 6 hour
recharge is:
• A minimum of 372gCO2/kWh
• A maximum of 464gCO2/kWh
• Approximately 100gCO2/kWh can be saved for
shorter recharging times
• Average from trials so far is 457gCO2/kWh
• Optimum recharging time would be overnight
(12pm – 6am)
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Charging behaviour - First month
• The data shown here
is the average
charge transfer per
charging event
• It can be seen that
there is a statistically
significant increase
in power transfer
during the first month
of use
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Charging behaviour - Second month
However, in the
second month,
although there is a
slight downward
trend, it can be seen
that this is not
statistically
significant.
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How do you expect the top speed of the electric car will
be compared to the ICE equivalent?
The expressions on
peoples’ faces as
you are overtaking
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
about the same faster than an ICE
slower than an ICE
no expectation
% o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Before trial
After trial
I’ve reduced the
speed. I don’t race
to places, keep it
about 58mph and
I’m not using the
fuel I used to use.
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How do you expect the acceleration of the
electric vehicle will be compared to the ICE?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
about the same
faster than an ICE
slower than an ICE
no expectation
% o
f re
sp
on
se
nts
Before trial
After trial
It does overtake very
nicely actually, on a
long straight section
between here and
Bellingham it would
out-accelerate other
cars, which is
reassuring!
You can
overtake, you
can whizz by […]
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Would you consider buying and EV?
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
Yes, as my primary car
Yes, but as a second car
only
No
SWITCH-EV driver responses
Only 13% of AA members
said that they “I would
seriously consider buying
an electric car within the
next two years”
Participant 1: […] if money
was no object I’d buy one…
Participant 2: …yeah, me
too…
Participant 1: … but it is an
object.
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Conclusion and recommendations
• Drivers enjoy electric vehicles
• In order to change people’s attitudes
towards EVs, we need them to drive the
cars
• Vehicle range depends on driving
behaviour, topology, congestion
• CO2 emissions depend on charging
behaviour, energy mix and driving style
• Smart metering
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Contact and further information
Dr. Yvonne Hübner
Transport Operations Research Group (TORG)
http://www.ceg.ncl.ac.uk/transport/index.htm
transportNewcastle
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/transport/