zodiac customer service training program plan · web viewrunning head: zodiac customer service...
TRANSCRIPT
Running head: ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 1
Zodiac Customer Service Training Program Plan
David Obiora
AET 570
November 14, 2016
Dr. Gale Cossette
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 2
Table of Contents
1.0 Description……………………………………………………………………………..…. .3
2.0 Needs or Gap Analysis ....................................................................................................... 5 Data analysis…………………………………………………………………… 63.0 Budget …………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
4.0 Staffing Plan………………………………………………………………………………. 9
5.0 Stakeholders and Goals……………………………………….………………………….13
6.0 Communication Plan………………………………………………………………….… 14
7.0 Program Evaluation……………………………………………………….……………. 19
8.0 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….……. 22
9.0 References……………………………………………………………………….…/….… 23
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 3
Part I – Training Program Description
Good customer service is vital for all businesses, large or small as it can have a direct
impact on customer loyalty and where potential customers choose to spend their money. Simply,
put the higher quality customer service you provide, the higher level of customer satisfaction you
will enjoy, and that will translate into repeated business and more revenue. Proper organization
of Zodiac customer service departments will help provide direction for employees and your
business. The organizational structure set in place helps determine how the Zodiac organization
handles training initiatives, responds to complaints and passes along important information
regarding internal projects, possible challenges and overall customer satisfaction measures.
The Zodiac customer service organization is a well-established growing firm in in West
Los Angeles, California, in the United States. Its overall structure lays the groundwork for
several significant business functions. By providing detailed duties and responsibilities for each
level within the customer service department, Zodiac organization can offer employment
opportunities ranging from entry-level positions to those requiring extensive experience. A
relevant training program will be developed for a range of participants, from new employees to
supervisors and higher management. The purpose of this training program is to provide
employees skills to lessen their stress and improve customer service and reduce customer
complaints.
Scope of Training
Participants will benefit from the training program by learning strategies to increase the
effectiveness of their customer services. The training program will focus on field training and
classroom learning. In addition, participants will have the ability to communicate using
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 4
technology to benefit from a social learning experience. Applying the skills and techniques
provided in this training program will help participants to become more effective customer
service representatives and increase their earning potential.
Audience
The Zodiac Training Program is designed for all customer service representatives, front
line supervisors, and managers that have direct communication with customers. The Zodiac
Customer Services Call Center is made up of employees from different demographics which
include age, sex, income and educational levels, geographic location and different levels of
experience and abilities.
Training Program Goals:
Provide high quality customer service resulting in a customer satisfaction rating on
accuracy, timeliness and courtesy measures on an ongoing basis.
Achieve a customer renewal rate this fiscal year through outstanding support and
relationship building
Training Program Objectives:
Decrease customer complaints related to call centre staff 90% in 4 out of five calls in
an ongoing basis.
Motivate staff and change attitudes towards the customer and handling their enquiries
effectively, 90% in 4 out of 5 call in an ongoing basis.
Identify ways they can add value to customer relationships and exceed expectations
90% of the time in 4 out of 5 interactions.
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 5
Listen effectively, asked questions and summarized to respond fully to a customer
request 90% in 4 out of 5 call in an ongoing basis.
Part II – Needs or Gap Analysis
This gap analysis shows the difference between the Zodiac organization’s actual
performance against its potential performance. It is a really useful way of comparing the results
from staff satisfaction and importance questions and allows for easy interpretation. How a needs
analysis is completed will depend on the situation, who is doing it, why it is being done. Need
analysis focuses on the future, or what should be done, rather than on what was done as is the
focus of most program evaluations. The needs analysis was conducted through Observations,
Written survey, Interviews, questionnaires, and Informal interactions with colleagues.
Participants/Employees were asked a series of questions regarding their current knowledge of
customer service.
During my visit, I interviewed one of the Zodiac call center supervisor whose name is
Octavio Morales. The first thing I tried finding out was to ascertain if there was actually a
performance gap, and if the reason for the performance gap was understood, and finally, if the
performance gap was due to missing knowledge or skills.
A recent customer satisfaction survey gave a “poor” rating to nine Call Centre staff
from Zodiac marketing. This training needs analysis was conducted to determine the
requirements of a suitable training program to improve the customer service skills of the staff
members in question. During my visit, I interviewed one of the Zodiac call center supervisor
whose name is Octavio Morales. The first thing I tried finding out was to ascertain if there was
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 6
actually a performance gap, and if the reason for the performance gap was understood, and
finally, if the performance gap was due to missing knowledge or skills.
Data Collection
To determine the training needs of the nine staff members I worked closely with the
Director, trainers, and the Call Centre team leader to develop a checklist for monitoring calls.
Method: The method used to capture the customer service experience is random sampling,
interviews, both oral and written, surveys and random sampling that involves selection of a
representative sample of call activities.
Data Analysis
An analysis of the monitored call checklist identified the following skills gaps in the nine
call centre staff.
Monitored call checklist
3 2 1
Standard phrases are used to acknowledge the customer.
9 No problems in this area.
An attentive and helpful manner is used with the customer.
1 8 No problems in this area.
Effective communication skills are used to build rapport with the customer.
5 3 1 Training is required.
Effective listening and questioning techniques are used to identify customer needs.
2 7 Training is required in Communication skills.
Inquiries and requests are responded to promptly.
5 4 No problems in this area.
Customers are encouraged to ask questions.
1 6 2 Training is required.
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 7
Appropriate options are identified and recommended to the customer.
3 2 4Training is required.
The customer is kept informed of progress. 1 8 Training is urgently required.
Customer satisfaction is checked by summarising information and confirming that objectives have been met.
7 2
Training is required.
Work is undertaken in a safe manner to self and others. 9 No problems in this area.
Customer complaints are identified and analysed to establish underlying cause.
6 3Training is required.
The customer complaint is summarised and agreed with the customer.
2 5 2Training is required.
Action taken to resolve the complaint is agreed and confirmed with customer.
1 7 1Training is required.
Customer is informed as to further action in the event of further referral, including agreed call back arrangements.
3 6
Training is required.
The customer complaint is escalated to the next highest authority. 9
No problems in this area.
Result of Analysis
It is evident from the Monitored call checklist results, that the team meets the competency
standards for the majority of this unit, however the training needs analysis has identified training
would benefit the staff in the following:
Building rapport
Questioning techniques to identify customer needs
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 8
Not listening to the customer, showing empathy or resolving the complaint
Escalating complaints rather than dealing with them
Not analysing whether it is a fault or a complaint
The strategic objectives of the training program are to:
Decrease customer complaints related to call centre staff
Motivate staff and change attitudes towards the customer.
Training should address the problems for the telemarketing team and also help motivate and
change attitudes.
Part III – Budget
The following budgeting layout is modeled for this training program. It is anticipated that
the Zodiac organization will need to have sessions occasionally as the need arises. The
organization’s estimated training budget for FY 2016/2017 is $233,690.00.
Zodiac Training Budget
Line Item Description/JustificationQty
. Cost/Rate1 Personnel $195,000.002 Fringe Benefits $8,880.003 External staff $8,260.004 Materials $4,457.005 Technical Support $3,796.006 Equipment $2,900.007 Travel $2,600.008 Facilities $9,000.009 Supplies $4,500.0010 Miscellaneous $5,565.00
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 9
Grand Total $233,690
Income For The Training BudgetLin
e Item Description/JustificationQty
. Unit Cost/Rate11 Parent company $140,55012 Donations $50,14013 Grants $25,00014 Miscellaneous $25,000
Grand Total $240,690
Part IV – Staffing Plan
The Customer Service training program will include the director of the Zodiac, training
assistant, training coordinator the training program designer, who is also the training facilitator
along with an external program evaluator. The staff management will leverage all departments
within the Zodiac Organization including regional educators, human resources, and other
corporate departments. The program can be completed at work, at home, or any other place with
an Internet connection. Internal and external resources are needed for the program’s success.
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 10
Required Director Qualifications: The Director of Customer Service position at the Zodiac organization is responsible for
maintaining effective customer service for all internal and external Company Zodiac customers
by utilizing excellent, in-depth knowledge of company products and programs as well as team
members within the Customer Service Department.
Preferred Education and Experience:
Director’s Competencies•Bachelor’s degree and some five years of experience.•Customer service experience within a retail environment
1. Communication Proficiency.2. Customer/Client Focus.3. Decision Making.4. Discretion.5. Flexibility.6. Leadership.7. Problem Solving/Analysis.8. Results Driven.9. Teamwork Orientation.10. Technical Capacity.
Manager/trainers Skills: Competencies
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 11
Bachelor’s degree and 2-3 years of experience
1. Customer/Client Focus. 2. Learning Orientation. 3. Communication Proficiency 4.Customer/Client Focus. 5. Technical Capacity. 6. Teamwork Orientation. 7. Planning/Organizational Skills.8. Presentations Skills.
Other trainer skills include:
In-depth knowledge of policies, procedures and practices
Facilitate training classes and quality assurance sessions
Update customer service policy and procedure manual with ongoing improvements and company growth
Ensure CSRs receive effective and timely training to effectively use systems and applications
Plan, design, develop class training materials Along with these skills other skills that are needed are good computer skills, knowledge
of various tools used in training environment like the use of LMS etc.
The program assistant skills and qualifications: The personal assistant helps the
director run an organization or company smoothly. They perform mostly administrative duties
and clerical duties. They might arrange conference calls and meetings, make travel
arrangements, compose correspondence, review memos and reports, conduct research, create
presentations and prepare statistical reports. Some college coursework preferred and at least, 2-5
years of customer service experience.
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 12
Time requirement
The program director and manager will be present throughout the entire program
development. The director will ensure that the customer service training course is aligned with
the participants and the organization’s needs. The trainer is present for the development and
implementation of the course to the very last course’s end date. Program consultants are used as
subject matter experts so as to assist in the completion of the training program in a timely
manner.
Internal/External Resources
The organization will cut costs by looking internally to fill most of the staffing needs.
The organization chose the program directors because of their passion for learning. The trainer is
employed by the organization as well. Internal trainers are aware of the organization’s culture,
policies, and employees. Plus, the trainer has conducted virtual courses using a learning
management system before, which will make developing the Time Management course simple
for the trainer. Most staffing is mainly from within the Zodiac organization. Only two are
external consultants who are contracted were because of their expertise program delivery and
time management and their evaluation expertise. While a part time tech support technician was
hired to assist I tech support, especially when there is a need for tech support after work hours.
Strategy to fill resource gaps
This training program will be carefully monitored to assess if there is need for additional
resource, especially with technical support. If needed, the organization will contact the LMS
business to add this functionality.
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 13
Staff performance evaluation
Performance evaluations will be conducted throughout the training program. These will
be conducted by the the program director to ensure that the program goals and objectives are
achieved.
Role Name Contact NumberDirector David OTraining designer/facilitator/trainer Kimberly OProgram Assistant Eva JProgram Evaluator (Consultant) Anita D
Part V: Stakeholders and Goals
Stockholders’ initial role is to provide the capital a company needs to grow and expand,
or in the case of a startup venture, the capital it needs to launch its products or services into the
marketplace. In private companies, stockholders may take an active role in setting the strategic
direction for the venture. They sometimes provide guidance or advice to the company’s
management. In public companies, stockholders can attend an annual meeting and ask questions
of the company’s top management, including the CEO, about the decisions they have made and
the direction the company is going.
Stakeholders and Goals Worksheet
Stakeholders Partnership Goal Ways to build support
Producing a positive impact on adult learning
Executive Leadership and Ownership
Successfully fulfill the contract requirements, and maintain the
Provide statistical data displaying effectiveness of
Demonstrates the benefits of having more satisfied, less stressed,
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 14
organization’s high standards of professionalism.
program. Information about the decisions they have made and the direction the company is going
more effective/productive employees.
Company Director
Continue to staff highly-skilled professionals to fulfill their designated mission requirements.
Shows an invested interest in employee’s well-being
Encourage Positive and motivational behavior that increases collaboration and production.
Training Manager Provide employees with a well-versed training program designed to improve their technical and tactical knowledge.
Present the training department with the statistical data gathered during the needs assessment.
Report assessments and other measured tools that identify the employee’s success and completion of the training sessions.
Trainer/Facilitator
Change employee behavior potential, potential increase in funding for future training programs.
Inform of benefits. Present easy-to-apply strategies.
Designs training to align with the goals and objectives of participants/learners.
Staff members Work with management and colleagues to reveal weaknesses in the system and to ensure that there are strategies in place to improve skills and other perceived problems within the organization.
Maintain relationships with the management; and providing feedback and lending support where necessary.
Employees/participants will receive gain in employment which enhances collaboration and learning.
Part VI – Communication Plan
“WE CANNOT, NOT COMMUNICATE”.
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 15
Image Retrieved from google.com (n.d.)
Fact Sheet
This Communication Plan sets the communications framework for the Paper Formatter. It
serves as a guide for communications throughout the life of the training. This is a working
document and will be updated as communication needs change. This factsheet/plan identifies
and defines the goals and objectives of the Paper Formatter with whom it is critical to
communicate. It also contains the Communication factsheet which maps specific messages to
stakeholders or stakeholder groups. The items captured on the Communications factsheet are
then built into the Paper Formatter Schedule.
To build a complete communication plan, it is highly recommended that the Project
Director and/or team member responsible for communications planning (Organization Change
Management team lead or other) guide the project team through several steps to ensure that the
plan is as robust and effective as possible. These steps include:
Clearly define the high-level purpose and objectives of training program communications
Identify Stakeholder Communication Requirements
Assessment and Analysis
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 16
Design
Development
Delivery
Evaluation
Corporate Contacts
Program Coordinator: [email protected]
Training Coordinator/Manager: [email protected]
Feedback: [email protected]
Paper Formatter Communication factsheet as of 11/14/2016
Communication
Deliverable
Audience Description
Desired Outcome or
Behavior
Delivery Vehicle Author
Review and
Approval
Sender/ Facilitat
or
Timing
Effective-ness
(scale of 1-5 with 5 being
most effective)
REOCCURING – CURRENT STATE
Zodiac business status,
updates and
decisions
All Agency personnel
Information on Agency metrics, goals, objectives, progress toward goals, project news, etc.
Leaders share best practices, settle issues, identify risks and responses, improve processes
Agency Leadership Meeting
PD n/a HRBi-Weekly
4
Zodiac Organiza
tion News
All Agency personnel
Information on Agency metrics, goals, objectives, progress
Agency’s leadership team provides content; Agency personnel read news and stay
e-Newsletter on Agency website
Agency leaders (assistants)
Agency Leaders
Agency Communication Leader
Monthly 5
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 17
Paper Formatter Communication factsheet as of 11/14/2016
Communication
Deliverable
Audience Description
Desired Outcome or
Behavior
Delivery Vehicle Author
Review and
Approval
Sender/ Facilitat
or
Timing
Effective-ness
(scale of 1-5 with 5 being
most effective)
toward goals, project news, human interest stories, information on process changes, legislative changes, etc.
up-to-date on project progress; increased excitement
Agency Employe
e Dialogue
Agency members
Executive-level information sharing sessions on "hot topics"
Group informed and involved; incorporates new regs into daily work; increases employee morale
Town Halls and/or WebEx
Agency Communication Leader
Agency Leaders
Agency Leaders
Quarterly 3
REOCCURING – TRAINING
Training Team Leader Meetings
Participants, training leads, PD
Team leads share status, challenges, concerns, obstacles, etc.
Team seeks solution to problems, issues
Leader Team Meetings; reports
PD n/a PDBi-Weekly
Purpose and Objectives
The purpose of all Paper Formatter communication is to:
Promote awareness of and excitement for the Paper Formatter.
Ensure adoption of the responsibilities and actions assigned to each stakeholder, and
Encourage two-way communication about the Paper Formatter project between the project
team and Agency stakeholder groups
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 18
Training Program Benefits
The development of this training program is intended to provide Zodiac customer service
representatives with the skills necessary to improve their job performance. The training program
provides employees and participants with the knowledge and skills to providing customers with
high quality customer service resulting in a customer satisfaction rating on accuracy, timeliness
and courtesy measures on an ongoing basis. And for participants to also achieve a customer
renewal rate this fiscal year through outstanding support and relationship building. The delivery
of the program through a combination of online learning, classroom learning, and field training
helps reinforce the sales process that the students learn throughout the program. The benefits of
the training program for the sales advisors can often provide additional benefits that support the
organization. The additional benefits of customer service training include fostering a
companywide communication culture, establish a company-wide language, bridge relationships,
and align departments.
Promotional Channels and Materials
The implementation of a training program requires the development of a quality
curriculum and staffing skilled professionals to deliver program. There are three general
categories of channel communication:
Communications to your channel (training and motivating)
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 19
Communications through your channel, providing tools for channel
partners to share with end users)
Communications for your channel (driving end users to your channel)
There may be many options as to what types of vehicles and media can be used to deliver
the messages. Listed below are some suggestions that can also be used to create the
communication matrix.
Delivery Vehicle/Media Benefits
Meeting & Conference Materials
Brands messaging to large audience; advertising
Speeches Shows support for initiative if delivered by Sponsor or respected Influencer; can motivate/inspire
Signs/Posters Excellent, inexpensive, constant reminders that the change is coming; can be perspectives
Brochures Graphics appeal to visual learners; can tell a story and be more memorable than a large communication; color and movement in graphics can create excitement
Facilitated Group Meetings Promotes inclusion and ownership among stakeholders; allows discussion of sensitive issues in a safe environment; promotes decision-making and action planning; promotes understanding of all stakeholders’ perspectives.
Email/Electronic manuals/help If searchable and intuitive to use, can help new users feel more confident
Audio Can be listened to on individual’s personal time table; good for travelers who need quick updates
Fact Sheets Appeals to those who need more rather than less information; can be delivered via paper or on-line
Part VII – Program Evaluation
Program evaluation sprouts out of sound program planning and measures how effective
organizations activities have been in accomplishing their goals and objectives. Evaluation is
essential to any training program. Evaluation determines if a training program is providing value
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 20
to the organization and its employees. Individuals will be assessed on their ability to perform the
different task within the customer service duties and responsibilities throughout the training
course, and support their actions. The following evaluation methods will be used to determine
the program’s effectiveness and highlight any notable deficiencies:
Rubrics- an assessment commonly used to measure multiple skill sets. A general
assessment will be conducted on the participants’ responsiveness, participation, knowledge base,
and interaction with one another. Observing participants behavior will advise the instructor(s) of
their topic of interest, areas they need to emphasize on more, and how to allocate their time
accordingly. Detailed feedback will available upon request for management level and above
personnel inquiring about a particular individual’s performance.
The following metrics will apply to the evaluation: Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model
Kirkpatrick Evaluation
ModelExcellent
25 – 20 pointsGood
19 – 15 pointsFair
14 – 10 points
Needs Improvement9 – 0 points
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 21
Level I– Reaction25%
Participant Surveys and Training Audits
Trainer clearly communicated learning goals and objectives
Trainer was competent of learning materials
Trainer was pleasant and completed all required learning material
Trainer communicated most learning goals and objectives
Trainer was mostly competent of learning materials
Trainer was mostly pleasant and completed most of the required learning materials
Trainer communicated some learning goals and objectives
Trainer was somewhat competent of learning materials
Trainer was somewhat pleasant and completed some of the required learning materials
Trainer communicated none of the learning goals and objectives
Trainer was not competent of learning materials
Trainer was not pleasant and completed none of the required learning materials
Level II– Learning25%
Participants Complete Quiz and Exams
Meets expectations Students obtain 90% competency of role requirements and job objectives
Mostly meets expectations Students obtain 80-89% competency of role requirements and job objectives
Somewhat meets expectations Students obtain 70-79% competency of role requirements and job objectives
Fail to meet expectations Students obtain less than 69% competency of role requirements and job objectives
Level III – Behavior25%
Manager Observation forms and contact management system audits
As a result of the training customer service reps. highly improved customer service process and toured, presented, and manager introduction 95% or more guest interactions
As a result of the training customer service moderately improved process and toured, presented, and manager introduction 85% or more guest interactions
As a result of the training customer service improved process and toured, presented, and manager introduction 75% or more guest interactions
As a result of the training sales advisors did not improved guest customer service process and toured, presented, and manager introduction 55% or less of guest interactions.
Level IV – Results25%
Measuring the impact of training on business performance
As a result of the training program, customer service reps., greatly Exceeds Expectations in customer satisfaction and retention rates
As a result of the training program, customer service reps., moderately improve on the expectations in customer satisfaction and retention rates
As a result of the training program, customer service reps., meets expectations in customer satisfaction and retention rates
Despite this training program, customer service reps., fails to meet Expectations in customer satisfaction and retention rates
In addition to the rubric, both Formative and Summative forms of evaluations were also
used. in gathering trainee reactions on the following topics: scope and relevance of course or
module, appropriateness of objectives, usefulness of assignments and materials, effectiveness of
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 22
course training materials, stronger and weaker features of the course, adequacy of the facilities,
timing or length of the course or module, effectiveness of the instructor(s), and participant
suggestions and comments. Trainer Rating Forms will be given to participants upon completion
of the training course. After the facilitator/trainer(s) analyze them for their purposes, they will
provide a copy to Training Manager with a hard copy. Participants will have the opportunity to
rate the trainer(s) individual performance in detail, and provide additional comments to support
his or her claim. The trainer’s rating forms will focus on their ability to communicate, course
relevance, course material effective, instructor knowledge, pace, organization, and stimulate
interest. Participants will also have to option to verbally express their emotions towards the
course in a open-forum setting. This data will allow the trainer(s) to adjust their areas of
weakness, polish their strengths and improve future trainings.
Conclusion
A good staff training program is just that -- a program, with a structure and logic to it that
make sense for your organization. It should continue throughout the life of the organization and
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 23
include initial training for new staff, staff development (ongoing training for all staff), and
professional development (the opportunity to gain new knowledge or skills, or to move to the
next level of expertise).
Creating such a program involves planning that includes the people to be trained, and
looks at both what kind of shape the training program should take and what areas it should cover.
The development of a training program also requires thinking about methods (how the training
will be presented), logistics (where and when training will be held, what's necessary to make it
all go well, etc.), and evaluation (how you'll find out what was valuable and what was not, and
what you should do to improve the program over time).
References
Bersin, J. (2008). The training measurement book: Best practices, proven methodologies, and
practical approaches (1st ed.). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley and Sons.
ZODIAC CUSTOMER SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM PLAN 24
Altschuld, J. W. and Witkin, B. R. (2000). From Needs Assessment to Action:
Transforming
Caffarella, R.S., & Ratcliff Daffron, S. (2013). Planning programs for adult learners (3rd ed.).
Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection.
Elliot, P. H. (2008). Chapter 6: Identifying performance and learning gaps. ASTD Handbook for
Workplace Learning Professionals, n/a. Retrieved from ProQuest database
Engaging stakeholders. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www2.ed.gov/programs/readingfirst/support/stakeholderlores.pdf
Patton, M. Q. (1997). Utilization-focused evaluation: The new century text. Sage Publications:
Thousand Oaks, CA.
Knowlton LW, Phillips CC (2009). The logic model guidebook: Better strategies for great
results. Los Angeles: Sage.
Frechtling JA (2007). Logic modeling methods in program evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-
Bass;
Rockwell, S. K., & Kohn, H. (1989). Post-then-pre evaluation: Measuring behavior change more
accurately. Journal of Extension [On-line]. 27(2). Available at:
http://www.joe.org/joe/1989summer/a5.html