Design Computing

06. 3-dimensional Computer Graphics & Visualization

4/9/2015Digital Design I | HOM3034 | Spring 2015 | Every Thursday 2:00 p.m. – 5:50 pm

Jin Kook Lee, Ph.D. 02-2220-2645 | designit@hanyang.ac.krAssistant Professor, Space & Design IT Lab.Department of Interior Architecture Design, Hanyang University

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Planned rest of the semester: Midterm Exam, Final Project, etc.

Lab Exercises in each class

- Mostly pass/fail based evaluation

- Additional score will be given, if your work is beyond expectation

: Qualitative evaluation in “Course participation”

Midterm Exam

- A brief examination from the course material, fundamental theories

- Not only BIM and parametric modeling issues but also 3d graphics

- Scheduled in May 20th. (TBA if needed)

Final Project: a video-based design presentation, uploaded on YouTube.com

- You are encouraged to use your design studio work

- If not your design studio work, it’s okay. Contents up to you (e.g. lessons in this course, etc.)

- Uploaded and shared by YouTube

- Due date: end of the class (TBA in detail)

Other Mandatory Participation

- Show up in the special Guest Lecture Series (TBA in detail)

What to do today: BIM Applications, using your BIM model

Lecture: BIM-enabled building design approach using Revit

1. Lab Exercise 1: Wall Object – Exterior and Interior wall in Revit and its property “screen shot”

2. Lab Exercise 2: Door & Window Object – Door/Window in Revit and its property “screen shot”

3. Lab Exercise 3: Stair Object and others – Components in Revit “screen shot”

4. Lab Exercise 4: Space Object – Room in Revit and its property “screen shot”

5. Lab Exercise 5: Floor Object – Floor in Revit and its property “myName_LE5_L5.rvt”

6. Lab Exercise 6: Section view “screen shot”

7. Lab Exercise 7: Building Elevation – How to create an entire building floors in elevation view “screen shot”

8. Lab Exercise 8: Editing each floor (Elaborated) “myName_LE7_CHE_bldg.rvt”

Preview: Various BIM Applications

9. Lab Exercise 9: Schedule – Room schedule in Revit no submission required

10. Lab Exercise 10: Exporting Revit model – Geometry models & IFC

“FBX file and IFC file” from your CHE bldg.

Floor Plan CAD file from floor plan views, 3D CAD file from 3D views, etc.

What to do today: Setting up 3d graphics environment

3d Graphics Visualization using 3ds Max Design & Mental Ray renderer

Lecture: 3d Computer Graphics & Visualization

1. Lab Exercise 0: From Revit to 3ds Max using FBX file screenshot

2. Lab Exercise 1: A quick review 3ds Max “five rendering images”

3. Lab Exercise 2: HD rendering “a rendering image”

4. Lab Exercise 3: Watching demo videos no submission

5. Lab Exercise 4: Edit your room interior night scene “a rendering image”

Now you know the strength of BIM & Parametric Modeling

Why we need to use such a technology?

Parametric Curtain Wall

Seoul City Hall, 2012

Non-uniform surface

Panelized curtain wall system

Design models vs. As built pictures (Seoul City Hall)

Parametric Curtain Wall Skin example

the ribbon-glass facade is based on five spline curves and fabricated by brooklyn-based roxy lab.

Lincoln Square Synagogue, New York CetraRuddy with Front

Spline Curve & CV to control the shape

Glowing ribbon-shaped Façade using LED

DDP, design by Zaha Hadid

Zaha Hadid, from Google Image Serarch

Not a simple box shape interior

Non-uniform Surface Panels

DDP, design by Zaha Hadid

Zaha Hadid, from Google Image Serarch

10 years & 500,000,000,000 KRW

Each single panel has different shapes

DDP, design by Zaha Hadid

Zaha Hadid, from Google Image Serarch

DDP, design by Zaha Hadid

Non-uniform Building Design

Building Mass Types & Non-uniform Design

Box shape

Diagonal line shape

Segmentation shape

Free-line curved surface

Case Study: Tri Balls (인천세계도시축전기념관)

Design Process of an Irregular-shaped Building

by i-Arch Design

Concept: 세개의 공 – 세 곳의 인천 자유경제지구 – 송도, 청라, 영종 지구

Design Process

Reverse-engineering

Create geometry using physical mock-up models (Laser Scan)

Parametric Modeling by Rhino, CATIA

Non-uniform design (Conceptual design)

Rapid Prototyping 3d printing

Geometry Optimization

Conceptual design to “constructible” design

Parametric Modeling Quantity take-off, etc.

Construction

Surface Panelization:

2,600 individually produced panels (Anodizing: 코팅 알루미늄)

Parametric Modeling

Geometric shape design

Floor modeling

Surface pattern design

Paneling

Structured object hierarchy

(relation)

Real-time update of panel details

according to design changes using

Excel-based parameter sheet

Reusable, Efficient, Productive

Salvador Dali Museum

by HOK + Beck Group

Design Process

A box-shape mass + Non-uniform shape (rhomboid curtain wall panel system)

Design & Construction

Design & Construction

Parametric Modeling

This design could be realized even without advanced design computing technologies.

However, BIM, IPD, especially Parametric Modeling enabled this building design to be realized

in the most efficient way.

Obviously BIM & other advanced DCOM technologies

are the promising way to go,

but we need to use visualization tools in advance.

3d Computer Graphics & Visualization of your design

CG & Visualization: Where you are involved in?

Design Construction

OperationDemolition

Analysis & simulation

Cost estimate / Quantity take-off & Scheduling

Specifications

Visualizations

Drawings

Rule checking / review

Building Lifecycle

Clash detection

4D Simulation& construction management

Rapid prototyping & digital fabrication

CG & Visualization: Rendering – all about lights

Lighting

- Direct Illumination (e.g. Sunlight)

- Indirect Illumination

- Environment

Target Objects

- Diffuse

- Intensity

- Texture Map

- Shadow casting

- Ambient Occlusion …

- Reflection

- Refraction

- Caustics

Camera

- Source, Target

- Field of View

Autodesk 3ds Max

What to do in 3ds MAX (& other general 3d tools)

1 Modeling: Create objects

2 Rendering: Visualize scenes

1 Assign materials

2 Add lights

3 Setup cameras

4 Rendering options & render scenes

1 Create 2d geometry and 3d objects

2 Import objects

3 Manage objects: object modification

3 Animation: Animate scenes

Modeling Very hard and time-consuming

Rendering Many things to take care of

Animating Hardware dependent

3ds MAX 2009

Cartesian Coordinate System

View Cube

Work space: Model here!

Steering Wheel

Use Hotkeys!

3ds MAX Design 2015 3ds MAX Design 2016 (will be released in this May)

Use hotkeys! – Useful 3ds MAX hotkeys (basic keys)

Viewing

Alt + W : Maximize the viewport, and back

G : Show/hide grids

F3 : Toggle between wireframe view and Shading

F4 : View edge face wireframe, available in shading view

C : View camera, P : View perspective, T : top view, L : left view, F : front view, B : bottom view…

Ctrl + X : Toggle expert mode

Shit + Z, Shift Y : Undo, Redo viewport operation

+, - : Increase, decrease Gizmo size

Object Handling

Q : Click Selection tool

W : Click Move tool

E : Click Rotate tool

R : Click Scale tool

H : Select by name

Ctrl A : select all, Ctrl D : deselect all,

Space bar : selection lock toggle (keep selecting current ones only if turned on)

Utility

M : Material editor

F10 : Render setup

Shift + Q : Rendering

3ds MAX use scenario in interior architecture design

Define UoD

Retouching in 2d Graphics Tools

Modeling

Material mapping

Rendering

Lights Camera Rendering scenes

Modeling universe (environment) Modeling design elements

2d sketch 3d modeling

Import Modification…

Planes Walls

Sky, outside view Modification…

What’s in your mind? - Roughly sketch it freehand if needed - Plan hierarchy diagram and objects

Photoshop (or others) supports lots of complicated effects- Modify: Level, Color balance, Sharpness, Gaussian blur, etc.- Add: Remapping, Compose, Texts, etc.

3ds MAX use scenario in interior architecture design

Before modeling & rendering – Defining UoD first!

Roughly design your universe

This UoD is not reflecting real world – totally visualization purposed surfaces

Modeling is very hard and tedious

Reuse pre-defined object models

Use pasted bitmap images for drawing section profiles

Model in 3ds MAX, not in AutoCAD

Make all edges smooth – e.g. NURMS, Bevel…

Rendering basics

Use high-quality bitmap images for mapping (doesn’t mean only high-resolution)

(Take pictures whenever you find good interior design material, and Photoshop)

Three lightings and one camera for furniture, lots of lightings for interior design

Use Mental Ray (or other ray tracing: e.g. V-Ray etc.) for global reflection

Less is more – Retouch in Photoshop or others, don’t try too much in 3ds MAX.

Don’t forget your final result is just a mere 2d image!

Why Mental Ray in 3ds Max Design?

Arch & Design Material + ProMaterials(AKA Autodesk Materials)+ Photometric Lights Mental Ray

In October of 2006, Autodesk implemented a material type called the “Arch &

Design” material for the 3d Studio Max implementation of mental ray.

Easy to use, yet flexible: complicated than Vray but simpler

Templates: fast access to common materials

Physically accurate

Glossy performance

Tweakable BRDF (Bidirectional reflectance distribution function)

Transparency

Round corners: make it realistic – catch the light on edges

Indirect Illumination control

Built-in Ambient Occlusion

Ray-traced & photo-realistic preset materials

Lab Exercises

Next Class

Track 2: Theories in 3d graphics & tool

Design Visualization:

- Renderers: Vray & Mental Ray

Track 4: 3d Graphics Lab

SketchUP & 3dsMAX