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Intra-Muslim Relations in Indonesia:Towards a better understanding of the right to freedom

of religion and belief

Presented by Gugun GumilarAt Temple University (SUSI Religious Pluralism 2013)

February 2nd, 2013

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INDONESIA IS NEITHER ISLAMIC NOR SECULAR STATE,

BUT PANCASILA-BASED-STATE

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Philosophical Foundation of the Indonesian State (PANCASILA)

1. Belief in the one and only God,

2. Just and civilized humanity,

3. The unity of Indonesia

4. Democracy guided by the inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberations amongst representatives

5. Social Justice for all of the people of Indonesia

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INDONESIA IS THE LARGEST MUSLIM COUNTRY IN THE WORLD

210.000.000 (82%) OF TOTAL POPULATION ARE MUSLIMS6

RELIGION

82,23%

1,81%3,05%

0,84%

11,87%

0,20%

Islam

Protestantism

Roman Catholicism

Hinduism

Buddhism

Others (Confucianism, Jewish, Orthodox Christianity,Traditional Indigenous beliefs, etc)

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NU and Muhammadiyah are two largest Muslim organization. Both are Moderate,

meaning they are neither liberal nor radical

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Violation forms of religious

freedom

Resource:Human Rights Report of ELSAM 2011

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Category of religious freedom violators

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WHY MUSLIM BECOME RADICAL-CONSERVATIVE?

THEOLOGY

1. Model of Text Interpretation (literally)

2. Misunderstanding of Jihad

POLITICS

1. Radical conservatism as a global phenomenon

2. Transition. From new-order that completely eliminated radical-conservative groups to reformation order that give such groups opportunity to spread out)

3. Political consensus and Response. Radical conservative is not only religion movement, but political’. Also, they respond not only to the local political events but to the global’.

ECONOMY

1. The failure of economic development.

2. The critiques toward global capitalism

3. The politicization of marginalized people

SOCIO-CULTURE

1. The anger towards the invasion of western negative cultures, such as hedonism, consumerism, and permissiveness. “Permissive cultures fade religious values and norms, increase free sex, prostitution, and drug abuses.

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WHY MUSLIM BECOME RADICAL-CONSERVATIVE?

ECONOMY

1. The failure of economic development.

2. The critiques toward global capitalism

3. The politicization of marginalized people

MEDIA

1. The transmission of medias (book, magazine, tabloid, bulletin etc) from other radical conservative groups to similar groups in Indonesia

2. Media as socialization means for spreading radical-conservative ideas.

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Qur’an Sura 21 Al-Anbiya: - Ayat 107 

Transliteration:21:107 Wama arsalnaka illa rahmatan lil’alamiin

ENGLISH21:107 We sent thee not, but as a Mercy for all creatures.

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References

Achmad, Nur. 2001. Pluralitas Agama (Kerukunan Dalam Keragaman).jakarta: Kompas.A‟la, Abd. 2005. Nilai-Nilai Pluralisme Dalam Islam. Bandung: Nuansa.Arifin, H.M. 1993. Kapita Selekta Pendidikan (Islam Dan Umum). Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.Baidhawy, Zakiyuddin. 2005. Pendidikan Agama Berwawasan Multikultural. Jakarta: Erlangga.Dipoyudo, Kirdi. Pancasila: Arti dan Pelaksanaannya. Jakarta: Centre For Strategic and International Studies.Hasbullah. 1996. Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada.Hasbullah. 2001. Sejarah Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo.Huberman, Michael & Milles. 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif. Jakarta: UI Press.Kaswadi, K. 1993. Pendidikan Nilai Memasuki Tahun 2000. Jakarta: PT GrafindoMangunhardjana, A. 1989. Pembinaan: Arti dan Metodenya. Yogyakarta: KANISIUS.Misrawi, Zuhairi. 2010. Pandangan Muslim Moderat (Toleransi, Terorisme, dan Oase Perdamaian). Jakarta: Kompas.Moleong, Lexy J. 2002. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.Moleong, Lexy J. 2007. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.Riyadi, Hendar. 2007. Melampaui Pluralisme. Jakarta: RMBOOK & PSAP.Shofan, Moh. 2008. Menegakkan Pluralisme. Jakarta: LSAF.Sulthon. H.M. dan Moh. Khusnuridlo. 2006. Manajemen Pondok Pesantren dalam Perspektif Global. Yogyakarta: Laksbang.Mulyana, Rohmat. 2004. Mengartikulasikan Nilai. Bandung: Alfabeta.Ujan, Andre Ata. 2009. Multikulturalisme (Belajar Hidup Bersama Dalam Perbedaan). Jakarta: PT Malta Pritindo.Yamin, Moh. 2011. Meretas Pendidikan Toleransi. Malang: Madani Media.Annual Human Rights Report of ELSAM 2011

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