1. pixl independence ks5 biology biological molecules booklet · 9/1/2018 · question 4: explain...
TRANSCRIPT
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PiXLIndependence:Biology–StudentBooklet
KS5
Topic-Biologicalmolecules
Contents:
I. Level1-MultipleChoiceQuiz–20credits
II. Level2-5questions,5sentences,5words–10creditseach
III. Level3-BiologyinTheNews–100credits
IV. Level4-ScientificPoster–100credits
V. Level5-Videosummaries–50creditseach
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PiXLIndependence–Level1MultipleChoiceQuestions
ALevelBiology–Biologicalmolecules
INSTRUCTIONSScore:/20
• Readthequestioncarefully.• Circlethecorrectletter.• Answerallquestions
Part1–Carbohydrates,Lipids&Nucleotides
1. Whatisthespecificnameofthefollowingimage?
a. AlphaGlucose
b. BetaGlucose c. Fructose d. Sucrose
2. Whattypeofmoleculeisshownbelow?
a. Carbohydrate b. Aminoacid c. Fattyacid d. Nucleotide
3. Whattypeofreactionoccurswhenglucosejoinswithgalactosetomakelactose? a. Hydrolysis b. Redox c. Synthesis d. Condensation
4. Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribeswater? a. Itispolar b. Itisadhesive c. Itiscohesive d. A&B e. A,B&C
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5. Inatri-glyceride,whattypeofbondconnectstheglycerolmoleculetothefattyacidtails? a. Glycosidic b. Phosphodiester c. Peptide d. Ester
6. HowwouldyoutestforSucrose? a. HeatwithBenedictssolution b. Biuretsolution c. HeatwithdiluteH2SO4,neutralizeandthenheatwithBenedictssolution d. Mixwithethanol,thenmixwithwaterandshake.
7. WhatisthestructureshownbyHaemoglobin? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Quaternary
8. Inthinlayerchromatography,whichtermbestdescribesSilicaGel? a. Runningsolvent b. Extractionsolvent c. Mobilephase d. Stationaryphase
9. Acofactorisreferredtoasaprostheticgroupifitistightlyboundtotheenzyme.
WhatisthecofactorforAmylase? a. Fe2+ b. Zn2+ c. Cl- d. Fe
10. WhichofthefollowingpairsofnucleotidesarePurines? a. Adenine&Thymine b. Guanine&Cytosine c. Guanine&Adenine d. Thymine&Cytosine
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Part2–Enzymes&DNAreplication
11. Whichstatementdescribesthecorrectorderofeventsduringproteinsynthesis? a. TranscriptionàTranslationàModificationandPackagingàExcretion
b. TranslationàExcretionàTranscriptionàModificationandPackagingàExcretion c. TranscriptionàExcretionàTranslationàModificationandPackagingàExcretion d. TranscriptionàTranslationàModificationandPackagingàSecretion
12. InanexperimentinvestigatingtherateofH2O2breakdownintoO2andH2Owithcatalase,
thefollowingdatawasobtained.TemperatureOC Volumeofgascollectedcm3
10 7.020 12.630 22.640 40.850 35.2
CalculatetheQ10fortherateofreaction.
a. 7.0 b. 5.6 c. 1.8 d. 33.8
13. Acriticismofthestudent’sworkintheexperimentabovewasthattheydidnotrepeattheir
work.Whichtermbestdescribestheirweaknesses? a. Thedataisnotaccurate b. Thedataisnotreliable c. Thedataisnotprecise d. Theexperimentisnotvalid
14. Inpreparationforanexperiment,astudentcarriedoutaseriesofserialdilutionsofastock
solutionofaproteaseenzyme.Theoriginalstocksolutionhadaconcentrationof0.7moldm-3
Thestudentremoved2cm3ofthesolutionandaddeditto8cm3ofdistilledwater.Theyrepeatedthisdilutionthreemoretimes.Whatisthefinalconcentrationofthesolution?
a. 0.175moldm-3 b. 2.8x10-2moldm-3 c. 0.0112moldm-3 d. 1.12x10-3moldm-3 e. 7.0x10-5moldm-3
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15. Inanexperimentinvolvingtherateofbreakdownofasubstratebyanenzyme,thefollowingdatawerecollected.
TheexperimentwasrepeatedwiththeadditionofX.WhatisX?
a. Co-enzyme b. Allostericactivator c. Competitiveinhibitor d. Non-competitiveinhibitor
16. MeselsonandStahlinvestigatedthereplicationofDNA.Severalmodelsatthetimewere
putforwardforthemethodofDNAreplication.MeselsonandStahlusedcellsgrownindifferentenvironmentswithisotopesofeither14Nor15N.ThisledtoDNAthatcouldbeseparatedbycentrifuge.Intheimagebelow,whattypeofreplicationisindicatedbyDiagramA?
a. Dispersivereplication b. Semi-conservativereplication c. Conservativereplication d. Semi-dispersivereplication
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10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Rateofreaction%
SubstrateconcentrationAU
Rateofreaction
X
A B
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17. Whichofthefollowingprovidesthecorrectnucleotidesequenceforthefollowingsmallprotein?Methionine–Leucine–Asparticacid–Serine
ImagecurtesyofWikimediacommons–norestrictions.
a. AAUCCUCAGAUUGUA b. AUGAUUCAGUCCUAA c. AUGCUUGACGAUUAA d. AUGUUAGACUCCUAA
18. ADNAsequencereads:
AGTWhichisthecorrectsequenceontheanticodonofthetRNA?
a. UGT b. UCA c. TCU d. AGU
19. WhichofthefollowingenzymeswillshowthehighestrateofreactionatpH2? a. Carbonicanhydrase b. Amylase c. Pepsin d. Trypsin
20. VitaminB3isusedtosynthesizeNAD(nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide)whichplaysan
essentialroleinrespiration.WhichtermbestdescribesNAD? a. Enzyme b. Co-enzyme c. Co-factor d. Prostheticgroup
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PiXLIndependence–Level25questions,5sentences,5words
ALevelBiology–BiologicalMolecules
INSTRUCTIONS
• Foreachstatement,useeitherthesuggestedwebsiteoryourowntextbooktowritea5-pointsummary.Inexaminations,answersfrequentlyrequiremorethan1keywordforthemark,soaimtoincludeafewkeywords.
• Itisimportanttostickto5sentences.Itistheprocessofselectingthemostrelevantinformationandsummarizingit,thatwillhelpyourememberit.
• Writeconciselyanddonotelaborateunnecessarily,itishardertorememberandrevisefactsfromabiglongparagraph.
• Finally,identify5keywordsthatyoumayhavedifficultyrememberingandincludeabriefdefinition.Youmightliketoincludeaclipartstylepicturetohelpyourememberit.
Example:
QUESTION: Explainhowaproteinissynthesized.
Sources:
Website–www.tiny.cc/kprosynInteractive–www.tiny.cc/utahproTranscription–www.tiny.cc/transcriptionintTranslation–www.tiny.cc/translationint
1. SectionofDNAcontaininggenetobeexpressedisunzipped2. mRNAisformedbyaddingcomplimentarybasepairstoeachDNAstrandbyRNApolymerase3. mRNAisexportedtoribosomeonroughERthroughnuclearpore4. tRNAtransferaminoacidstotheribosome.EachtRNAhasacomplimentarysequenceofthree
nucleotides(anticodon)tothoseonthemRNA(codon).Thissequenceofcodonsdeterminestheorderofaminoacids.
5. Ribosomejoinsaminoacidstogetherwithapeptidebond.Proteinisreleasedandtransferredtothegolgiapparatusforfurtherprocessingandpackaging.
Anticodon–3nucleotidesonthetRNAthatarecomplimentarytothecodononthemRNA
Transcription–processofconvertingDNAintomRNA(liketranscribingabook)
Translation–processofconvertingmRNAintoapolypeptide(liketranslatingtoadifferentlanguage)
RNAPolymerase–makesRNA(notDNA)
Promotor–aproteinthatbindstotheDNAsotheRNApolymeraseknowswherethegenestarts
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QUESTION1: Comparethestructureandformationofproteins,lipidsandpolysaccharides.
Sources: Website–www.tiny.cc/kmolInteractive–www.tiny.cc/molint
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QUESTION2: Explainhowthepropertiesofwaterareessentialfortheexistenceoflife.
Sources: Website–www.tiny.cc/kwaterInteractive–www.tiny.cc/waterint
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QUESTION3: Explaintheevidencefortheoryofsemi-conservativereplication.
Sources: Website–www.tiny.cc/kreplicationInteractive–www.tiny.cc/repint
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QUESTION4: Explainhowtheuseofenzymesinachemicalreactioneffecttheactivationenergyofareaction.
Sources: Website–www.tiny.cc/kdna2Interactive–www.tiny.cc/enzymeint
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QUESTION5: ExplainhownucleotidesbondtoformthedoubleDNAhelix.
Sources: Website–www.tiny.cc/kdnaInteractive–www.tiny.cc/dnaint
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PiXLIndependence–Level3BiologyinTheNews
ALevelBiology–Biologicalmolecules
FakenewsSensationalisednewsstorieshavebeenaroundforsometime,butwiththemassgrowthofsocialmedia,theproblemseemstohavegrowninrecentyears.Attheveryleast,theUSPresidentialelectionhascertainlyhighlightedtheimpactthatmisleadinginformationcanhave.www.tiny.cc/fakenews2Athome,theBrexitvotealsosufferedfromthecirculationofmisleadingnewsstorieswww.tiny.cc/fakenews3Therefore,theabilitytoidentifyrealinformation,trackitbacktothesourcearticleandmakeyourownjudgementisaveryimportantskill.Thisactivitywillhelpyoudevelopthatskill.ArtificialsugarscausecancerNewsarticle–www.tiny.cc/sugarnewsJournalarticle–www.tiny.cc/artsugarNHSChoices–www.tiny.cc/nhssugar TaskYouneedtoproducea1pageessayonthehealtheffectsofartificialsweeteners.
Essaysection ActivityIntroduction Readthroughthefirstnewsarticle.Outlinethemainargumentsputforwardfor
thehealtheffects(beneficialorotherwise)ofartificialsweeteners.Thenevaluatethetrustworthinessofthisarticle.Donotworryabouthavingtheperfectevaluationatthisstage,itismoreimportanttoshowbytheendoftheessayyouhavedevelopedyourevaluationskill.
Describe Readthejournalarticleonartificialsweeteners.Thisarticleisametastudy,ithasreviewedotherliterature.Outlinetheevidenceforandagainstthehealtheffectsofartificialsweeteners.
Evaluate Discussthereasonswhysomearticlesarelesstrustedthanothers.Considersamplesizes,whetheranimalsorsickpeoplewereusedorwhetherthereisanyevidencethattheresearchershaveanunderlyingbias.
Conclude&Reflect
FinallyputforwardyourOWNopiniononthehealthrisksofartificialsweeteners.ThenreadtheNHSchoicesarticletolookforpointsthatyouhavenotmade.Writeafinalparagraphreflectingonthepointsyouhavemadecomparedtothepointsyoudidnotmaketodemonstrateandreflectonyourlearning.
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PiXLIndependence–Level4ScientificPosters
ALevelBiology–BiologicalMolecules
ScientificPosters-Scientistscommunicateresearchfindingsinthreemainways.Primarily,theywritejournalarticlesmuchlikeanexperimentwriteup.Theseareveryconcise,appraisethecurrentliteratureontheproblemandpresentfindings.Scientiststhensharefindingsatconferencesthroughtalksandscientificposters.Duringasciencedegree,youwouldpracticeallthreeoftheseskills.
Scientificpostersareafinebalancebetweenbeinggraphicallyinterestingandattractingattentionandsharingjusttherightamountoftexttoconveyadetailedscientificmessage.Theyaremoredetailedthanatalkandlessdetailedthanapaper.Usethisinformationtohelpstructureyourposter–www.tiny.cc/posterskillsMoredetailedguidanceisavailableat:www.tiny.cc/posterskills2CreatingyourposterItiseasiesttocreateaposterinPowerPoint;however,youneedtoaddcustomtextboxesratherthanusingthestandardtemplates.
Postersneedtobeeyecatching,butreadablefromadistance.IfyouusePowerPoint,startwitha4:3slide(foreasierprinting,itcanthenbeprintedonA3)andusea14-16ptfont.Thefirstboxcouldbelargertodrawpeoplein.Youcanuseabackgroundimage,butpickasimpleonethatisofhighquality.Selecttextbox,fillandselectchangethetransparencytomaintainthecontrastandpartiallyshowthepicture.Youcanexperimentwithdifferentlayoutsandyoushouldincludeimages.Avoidachaoticlayout,postersarereadfromtopleftcolumndownwards.Remembertoincludetheauthorsandreferences.Finally,lookattheexamplesgivenontheUniversityofTexaswebsitewhichalsooffersanevaluationofeachwww.tinyurl.com/postereg
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PrionsBackgroundIn1984,anewdiseaseemerged,effectingBritishcattle.MadcowdiseaseorBovinespongiformencephalopathytogivethefullname,infectedmorethan180,000cows.4.4millioncowswereslaughteredtopreventthediseasefromspreading.Thehugedevastationwasinpartduetotheslowresponseofthegovernmentwhodidnotactuntil1986.
MadCowdiseasestrikesfearamongsthealthcareworkers,governmentofficials,farmersandscientistsbecauseitcanbetransmittedtohumansthrougheatinginfectedtissues,usuallynervoustissue,butitispresentinalltissues.177peoplehavediedofthehumanformofthediseaseknownasCreutzfeldt-Jakobdisease.However,itisnotjustthehumandeathtoll,buttherestrictionsthatgetplacedoncattleexports.IthasbeenreportedthattheimpactontheUKeconomycost£5Billion.Whatisthepathogenthatcausesmadcowdisease?Itisnotactuallyapathogeninthetraditionalsense,itisaproteinthatfailstofoldcorrectlyand“infects”otherproteinscausingthemtodothesame.ItisaPrion.Sourcearticle:www.tinyurl.com/tgprionPriondiseases:www.tinyurl.com/cdcprionAnimations:www.tinyurl.com/prionmgh(thereisasecondanimationontheleft)Useothersourcesasnecessary.TaskProduceascientificposteronadifferentPriondisease.Decideinyourclasswhoresearcheseachdisease.Youshouldstartwithanoutlineofthestructureofaproteinandhowitfolds.TargetyourposterateducatedscientistsofatleastA-levelstandard,whomayunderstandtheconceptofProteins,butnotPrions.Recall Describethebasicstructuresofaprotein.Describe Writeadescriptionofyourdisease.Explain Explainhowprionscausedisease.
Discuss Discusstheglobalimpactofyourdisease,bothintermsofeconomyandhealth.
Figure2Prionprotein
Figure1Notamadcow!
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PiXLIndependence–Level5
VideosummariesA-levelBiology–Biologicalmolecules
CornellNotesAtAlevelandUniversity,youwillmakelargeamountsofnotes,butthosenotesareonlyofuseifyourecordtheminasensibleway.OnesystemforrecordingnotesisknownastheCornellnotessystem.Thismethodencouragesyoutoselectrelevantinformation,ratherthantryingtowriteatranscriptofeverythingsaid.Moreimportantly,itforcesyoutospendafewminutesreviewingwhatyouhavewritten,whichhasbeenscientificallyproventoaidlearningandmemoryretention.Theidealistowriteeverythingononepage,butsomestudentsmayprefertotypeandotherswilltohandwritetheirnotes.Whicheveroptionyouuse,remembertheaimistosummariseandcondensethecontentwithafocusontheobjectivesthatyouaretryingtolearnandunderstand.TherearethreemainsectionstotheCornellnotes
1 Cue/Objectives–Thiscanbedonebeforeorafterthelecture.Youmayhavebeenprovidedwiththeobjectivesoryoumayneedtodecidewhattheywereoryoumaywanttomakethelinktoyourlearningifthisisanadditionaltaskorlectureyouareviewing,suchasthisvideo.
2 Notes–Inthisspaceyourecordconcisely,simplythethingsyouareLESSlikelyremember-TheNEWknowledge.
3 Summary–Themostimportantstepthatiscarriedoutafterthelectureorvideo.Thishelpstoreinforcelearning.
Background
Thefollowingseriesofvideoslinktoyourlearning.Thefirstvideoexplainshowlifeevolvedfromaprimordialsoupandhowthefirstbiologicalmoleculesformedthatlaterledtotheformationofacell.ThesecondonediscussesthefamousworkofWatsonandCrickandtheevidencetheyusedtodiscoverDNA.Thefinalvideodiscusseshowproteinsfoldinto3Dshapes,somethingthathappensnaturallyandcorrectlyinacellbutdoesnotalwayshappenifscientiststrytorecreatethisinalaboratory.
Sourcearticle:Video1–OriginofLifeYouTube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyhZcEY5PCQVideo2–DiscoveryofthedoublehelixHHMIBio-education–www.tiny.cc/dnadiscoveryYoucanalsofindfurtherresourceslinkedtothisvideoat:www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/double-helixVideo3–TheproteinfoldingproblemTedXTalk–www.tiny.cc/fold
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Task:YouneedtoproduceasetofCornellnotesforeachofthevideosgivenabove.Usethefollowingobjectivetoguideyournotetaking,thislinkstoyourlearning.
1. Discussthemajordevelopmentsinbiochemistrythattookplaceinorderforlifetoevolve
2. DiscusstheevidenceusedtoidentifythestructureofDNA3. Explainhowproteinsfoldandhowwecouldinferits3Dstructureifweknowthe
geneticcode
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