1406 thermal transport processes nov2012

7/29/2019 1406 Thermal Transport Processes Nov2012

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NSFDirectorateforEngineering|DivisionofChemical,Bioengineering,Environmental,andTransportSystems(CBET)

Transport,Thermal,andFluidsPhenomenaCluster

ThermalTransportProcesses

[email protected]

OnIPAfromLouisianaStateUniversity

Unsolicited(SpringWindow,Jan15-Feb17)

CAREER(Julywindow)

TargetedIniKaKves

EAGER

Workshops

Travel

Fundamentals Applica@ons*

*PicturestakenfromNSFreports

CBET-Thermal Transport


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ProgramScope

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Science:PromotethefundamentalunderstandingandapplicaKonof

thermaltransport(heatandmasstransferandtheassociatedfluids,materialsandmanufacturingprocesses)atdifferentscales.

InnovaKon:New&improvedtechnologiesforheaKng/coolingdevices,

systems,andinfrastructureincludingtherelevantmaterialsprocessing

andmanufacturingtechnologies.Technologiesforenhancedenergy/powerefficiencyandgeneraKonandgreatersustainability.

Tools/Methods:SpaKally&temporallyresolvedsimulaKonand

diagnosKcsexploiKnghigh-performancecompuKng;usinghighly-

resolveddataforupscaling/reducedordermodels;controlandopKmizaKonforimprovedprocesses&products.

Outcomes:Sustainable,energy-efficientheaKng/coolingsystemsandthe

scienceandtoolsfortheirdesign.

CBET-Thermal Transport


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CurrentProgramPorGolio Nano-scaleHeatTransfer(1)

Phonon-transport:Carbonnano-materials,graphene,diamond Materialtuning:Thermoelectrics*,Photovoltaics Devices:ThermalInterfaces,HeatSinks

SingleandTwophaseheattransfer(2) Electronic/DeviceCooling Heatexchangers;Condensors**,Evaporators,HVAC Engines(InternalCombus@on***,asTurbine)

SolarEnergy(Solar-thermal,Solar-thermo-chemical,photovoltaics)(3) Thermalstorage:phasechangematerials Workingfluid:nanofluids Photovoltaics-near-fieldradia@on

Manufacturing&MaterialSynthesis(4) Laserprocessing,CVD,selfassembly

BioTransport(5) Cryopreserva@on,Thermallymediatedtreatments

*NSF-DOEPartnershipinThermoelectrics($9million,ongoing)

**NSF-DOEPartnershipinAdvancedCombus@onEngine($12million,proposalevalua@ons)

***NSF-EPRIPartnershiponPowerPlantCooling(Energy-WaterNexus)($6million,planned)

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Priori@es&FocusTechnologyInspired&FundamentallyFocused

Fundamentalsofnanoscaleheatconduc@on:

needtotransi@ontoimprovedmaterials,devicesandsystems,andtoaddressfundamentalproblemsneededinthistransi@on.

Developbridgingmodelsformeso-scalesimula@ons Singleandtwophaseheattransferinchannelsforelectroniccoolingandheatexchangers:

Needimprovedcontrolofflowinstabili@esandregimesfordesiredheattransfer

Improvedpredic@vemethodologiesforinterfacial,phasechangeandsurfaceeffects

Manufacturing&AdvancedMaterials Energyenera@on,EnergyHarves@ng,Propulsion

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RecentWorkshops/Conferences-Selected

MaterialsforEnergyHarves@ng--MRSmee@ng,SanFranciscoApril2011(NSF) ASME2011InternaKonalConferenceonNanochannels,Microchannelsand

Minichannels,June19-22,2011,Edmonton,Canada(NSF)

ThefirstInternaKonalSymposiumonThermalandMaterialsNanoscienceandNanotechnology,May29-June3,2011,Antalya,Turkey(NSF)

CarbonNanoMaterialsandApplicaKonsWorkshop,S.Dakota,October2011(NSF&Army)

Workshop:TheSeventhUS-JapanJointWorkshoponNanoscaleTransportPhenomena,Izu,Japan,December,2011(NSF&ONR)

3rdMicroscale/NanoscaleHeatandMassTransferConference,Atlanta,March2012(NSF&ONR)

WorkshoponPowerPlantCooling,November2012,Houston(NSF&EPRI)

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SelectedOutcomesfromWorkshops

NanoscaleHeatTransfer(U.SJapanWorkshop,aTechWorkshop,S.DakotaWorkshop) Materials-Phonon/electroniccoupling,interfaces,assemblyofnano-objects Simula@ons&Diagnos@cs-Higherfidelitydiagnos@csatthenanoscale&bridgingofscalesinsimula@ons Fundamental-Understanding&ControllingSpectralNatureofPhonons

Nano/MicroChannelFlows(Edmonton,aTech) Improvedanaly@cal/numericalmethodsforboilingandcondensa@on Beerheattransferfluids Flowinstabili@esandcontrol Cri@calHeatFluxinnanochannels

ElectronicsCooling(discussionswithDARPA&ONR) Evapora@ngcooling Embeddedcooling

PowerPlantCooling(w/EPRI,ASMEIMECE2012)

Source-Kandlikar

Source-Shi

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AligningwithNSFPriori@es

Energy&Sustainability(SEES) Thermoelectrics,Photovoltaics,EnergyStorage,Solar

Thermal

Computa@ons(CIF21) Computa@onandDataEnabledScience&Engineering Computa@onaldesignofnewmaterialswithimprovedthermalproper@es

LargeScaleSowareDevelopment(SI2) AdvancedManufacturing

Scalablemanufacturingprocessesinvolvingheattransferfornano,microandmacrosystems

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Leveraging&Partnerships

NSF-DOEPartnershiponThermoelectrics($9million)-ongoing(10awards),lastyear NSF-DOEPartnershiponAdvancedCombus@onEngines($12million),NSF12-559Nearly85proposalsreceived;inevalua@on

NSF-EPRIPartnershiponPowerPlantCooling(planned,$9million,tenta@ve)WorkshopjointlywithEPRIatIMECE2012

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ThermalTransportProcessesProgram

(withinEngineeringDirectorate)

VehicleTechnologiesProgram(withinOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyand

RenewableEnergy)

2010NSF/DOEPartnershiponThermoelectricDevices

forVehicleApplicaKons

$9million,50%fromNSFCBET,9awards

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NumberofProposals:~60(~85projects),4panels

$12million,(~10)awards,50%fromNSFCBET10


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ResearchHighlights

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NanoScaleHeatTransfer

Nano-HeatTransfer(ThermalInterface&HighConduc@vityMaterialse,g.,CNTs,raphene,etc.-Characteriza@onofthermaltransportviameasurementsandsimula@ons)

(1)[email protected] Measuringthermaltransportacrossnano-wiresandsinglemolecularstrands

(2)thermaltransportinraphene-UC,Berkeley Understandingtheeffectofconstraininggrapheneonthermalconduc@vity

ThermoelectricEnergyConversionNano-structuringforhigherZT-UCSantaCruz&Davis -Ongoing,NSF-DOEpartnershiponThermoelectrics,2010-2013,$9million

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HeatDissipaKoninNanoscaleJuncKonsPramodReddy,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor

eyResult:Joulehea@ngintheelectrodesofnanoscalejunc@onsisin@matelyrelatedtotheirtransmission

characteris@csandisingeneralasymmetric.Broadimpactofdiscoveryonallnanoscaledevices.

IQL QR

Totalheatdissipated,Q=IV

IsQL=QR?

QuesKon:WhereistheJouleHeaKnginNanoscaleJuncKons?

ExperimentalApproach:NanofabricatedProbeswithIntegratedThermocouples

HeatDissipaKonCharacterisKcsInvesKgatedinMolecular,AtomicandtunnelJuncKons

HeatDissipaKonNanoscaleJuncKonsisAsymmetric

Heatdissipa@onwassystema@callystudiedina

varietyofjunc@ons

1.Leeetal.,SubmiedtoScience

2.Tanetal.Appl.Phys.Le.,Accepted

3.Leeetal.,Nanotechnology,2011

4.Sadatetal.,Appl.Phys.Le.,2011

5.Sadatetal.NanoLe.2010

6.Tanetal.,Appl.Phys.Le.2010

HeatDissipaKonRelatedtotheTransmissionCharacterisKcs

First-principle(DFT)calcula@onsarein

excellentagreementwithexperiments

PublicaKons

Funding

1.NSF,CBET08449022.NSF,CBET1033542

HeatDissipaKoninTopElectrodeHeatDissipaKoninBoqomElectrodeAverageHeatDissipaKon

14Custom-fabricatedprobeswithintegrated

thermocouplesenablestudyoflocalheatdissipa@on


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graphene

heater line Thermometer

HeatTransferandThermalExpansioninGraphene(C.Dames&C.N.Lau,U.CBerkeley)

ThermalTransportatNanoscalePointandLineConstricKonsandInterfaces(LiShi,U.Texas)

(CBET0756359&0854554,PIDames)

Goals:

Understandingthermalconduc@vityandexpansionofraphene((asheetofcarbononly1atomthick))includingeffectsofconstraininglayers

OutcomeorAccomplishment:

ResearchersatUTAus@nhavefoundthatheatisconductedveryefficientlybyout-of-planeatomicvibra@onwavesinsuspendedgraphene.

AtBerkeley,measurementsshowthatrapheneshrinksasitisheated,atrendoppositeofmoststandardmaterials.

raphene,unconstrained,hasthermalconduc@[email protected]@vity

byasmuchas10fold.

ImpactorBenefits:

Thesefindingsareveryimportantforprac@calapplica@onsofraphene,whichmightincludetransistorsincomputers,

transparentelectricalconnec@onsforsolarcellsandcomputer

displays,andbaeries.

CBET0553649,PIShi

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PIs:A.Shakouri,Z.Bian(UCSantaCruz);S.M.auzlarich(UCDavis);Industrialpartners:NASAJPL;BSSTLLC

HighperformanceTEsystembasedonZintlphase

materialswithembeddednanoparKcles

Objec@ve:developenvironmentallybenign,nanostructuredmaterialsthatare

growninbulkforenhancedthermoelectricperformance(ZT>1.3-1.8)in500-800K.

qOp@mizeMg2Sialloyswithembeddednanopar@cles(NP).StartwithMgH2,Bi,andSi.

qOp@mizeNPsizetoscaeringmid/longwavelengthphononsandreducelacethermal

conduc@vity

qOp@mizeNPpoten@alprofiletobenefitfromhotelectron(hole)filteringandincreasethe

thermoelectricpowerfactor

BSE Mg

Bi

Si

MicroprobeanalysisofMg2Si

withSinanopar@clesCBET-1048801

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BreakthroughAchievements:Experimentaltechniquesandcomputa@onalmodelsdemonstratedforinves@ga@ng

thermaltransportinindividual

nanostructuresandacrosstheirinterfaces

(Reddy-firstnugget)

Discoveryofultralowcross-planethermalconduc@vityindisordered,layeredthinfilms,withpoten@alimpactsonthermalinsula@on/

protec@oncoa@ngs

(Dames,Shi-secondnugget)

Reproduciblefindingsofsuppressedthermalconduc@vityandenhancedfigureofmeritinnanostructuredbulkthermoelectricmaterials

anddevices

(Shakouri-thirdnugget)

Nanoscale Heat Conduction

Challenges&FutureDirecKons:Modelingthermaltransportincomplexnanostructuresandcoupledmul@-carrier

transportinac@venanodevicesincluding

ensembleofnano-structures;poten@als,

proper@esandcommunitydatabases

Mul@scalecomputa@ontoolstobridgebetweentheatomic/femtoscaleandthe

macroscale;phonon-electroncoupling;

uncertainty,verifica@onandvalida@on

Newmethodstoenhanceinterfacialproper@esofnanostructurestorealizehigh-

performanceandscalablethermalmanagement/energystoragematerials

Thermalswitchesanddiodes.

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Single-andTwo-phaseHeatTransfer

NanofluidsandNano-structuredpassages-RIT SolarThermal,ElectronicCooling,HX

Phasechange(condensa@on)-MTU,MITHVAC

Phasechange(boiling)forhighheatfluxremoval,RIT Electronicanddevicecooling,HX,(evapora@oninthinfilmannularregime)

-Upcoming,NSF-EPRIPartnershiponAdvancedCooling,2013-2016,~$6M

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HeattransferandFluidFlowinStructured

RoughnessMicrochannels(andlikar,RIT)

Outcomes

Roughnessleadstoearliertransi@onfromlaminartoturbulentflow

Theroughnessstructuressignificantlyenhancedheattransfer

Heattransferenhancementra@oisbeerthanotherenhancementstructures alternateclockwiseandcounter-

clockwisetwistedtapes

porousmediuminsert coiledinsert

Goals:

Thermalperformanceofmicrochannels

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Condensers and Boilers for Innovative Micro-scale and Space-based Thermal Systems

(A. Narain, MTU) " Condensers/Boilersarecomponentsoftradi@onalrefrigerators,

heatpumps,andothercoolingsystems. ravityhasaprofoundimpactonboiler/condenseropera@ons,and

thesesystemscannotbeminiaturized(forapplica@onssuchas

electronic-cooling)orusedinspace.

Thepoorperformancesintheseapplica@onsarecausedbyunacceptableliquid-vaporconfigura@onsinthetradi@onaldevices.

Theproposedinnova@vecondensers/boilersusere-circula@ngvaporflowstoensurethatthermallyand

hydrodynamicallyefficientannularflowsarerealized

overmostofthedevicesheat-exchangesurfaces.The

surfacesarethereforecon@nuouslyirrigatedbythin

liquidfilms. Standingacous@cwavesarecreatedtointeractwith

interfacialwavesforbeneficial@me-averagedtexturing

oftheinterfaceathighamplitudeimposedpressure

[email protected]

enhancements(200-400%)[email protected]

similarforbothtradi@onalandinnova@vemodesofopera@on.

CBET-1033591

TradiKonal

InnovaKve

qw(t)h=2mm

Heat Flux Meter (HFX)

Interfacial Wave MotionNon-Annular Zone

IF-HA

N-IF

WavyAnnular Non Annular Flow Regimes

Top

View

Vapor Liquid

Min

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EnhancedCondensaKononLubricant-ImpregnatedSurface

vsSuperhydrophobic(K.Varanasi,MIT)

Smalldropsaremobilewithmorethan4-ordersofhighermobilitythandry

superhydrophobicsurfacesandcreateasweepingeffectforfreshcondensa@onApplica@ons:Energy,Desalina@on,HVAC,etc

High mobility of sub 100um dropsobserved creates UFO droplets

condensate

condensing vapor (Tsat

)

substrate (Ts

< Tsat

)

a

condensing vapor (Tsat

)

substrate (Ts

< Tsat

)

lubricant condensate

d

i

Low mobility on superhydrophobicsurfaces due to Wenzel pinning NSFCAREER 21


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Goals:

ExtendtheCHFandHeatTransferCoefficientinPoolandFlowBoilingusingMicrochannels

Outcomes

Siliconnanowiresdevelopedonallsidesofsiliconmicrochannels PoolBoilingenhancement,CHF=185W/cm2 Flowboilingwithopenmicrochannels

=349W/cm2TSat=11.2Ch=311,600W/m2C

CHFwassKllnotreachedat349W/cm2,showingtremendouspotenKalinflowboiling

EnhancedPoolandFlowBoilingwithMicrochannels(andlikar,RIT)

PoolBoiling

Nanowiresonallsidesofamicrochannel

FlowBoilingNewconfiguraKonforstableenhancedboiling

OPENMICROCHANNELS

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BioHeatTransfer

Cryopreserva@onofcellsand@ssues(Purdue)Thermallymediatedtreatmentofcancercells

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CAREER: Multi scale cell fluid matrix interactions


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CAREER: Multi-scale cell-fluid-matrix interactions "during freezing/thawing of biological tissues"

Research Objective "Establish quantitative mechanisms of cell-fluid-matrix (CFM) interaction during freezing to understand itsimpacts on post-thaw tissue structure and functionality"Spatiotemporal deformation of tissue caused

by freezing-induced CFM interaction"Structural change of ECM"

Structural change of cytoskeleton"

Quantum dot-mediated cell image deformetry"

Deformation vector fieldaround the freezing interface"Key Publications"1. Han et al. (2009) JBME, vol. 131, 021002. ""Richard Skalak Best Paper Award"2. Teo et al. (2010) JBME, vol. 132, 031003. "3. Teo et al (2011) Biomaterials, vol. 32, pp.5380-5390.""

Spatiotemporal dilatation(red: expansion, "

blue: compression)"

Unfrozen "Frozen/thawed "

Unfrozen "Frozen/thawed "

PI: Bumsoo Han (Purdue)"

Dense network ofthin collagen fibril"

Coarse network of thick fibril "

Long extension/

delicate actin org." Short extension/damaged actin"24


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Photovoltaics-U.Texas Engines-U.Michigan

Power(Energy)&Propulsion(Engines)

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OpKmizedSurfaceNanostructuresForIncreaseinSolarCell(PV)PerformanceJ.Howell,U.Texas

Figure:[email protected]

LagbetweenNanowiresanda-SiThickness.

Nanostructuresonsolarcellsurfacescanbeusedtoop@mizetrappingofthesolarrays

ofthecorrectwavelengthforconversion

intoelectricalcurrent.

TheU.Texasteamhasshownthatop@miza@onmethodscanpredictsurface

structuresthatgreatlyenhanceradia@on

[email protected]@onexample,

op@mizedstructuresthatabsorbsolar

energywereshowntoincreaseamorphous

siliconsolarcellperformancebyupto40percent.

CBET103241526


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Massandenergyexchangeprocessesintransienthigh-pressureandhigh-

temperatureboundarylayers

V.Sick,U.Michigan

CBET-1032930

Usingmicro-imagingtechniqueswecanvisualizesub-millimetervor@cesandinves@gatetheirroleintranspor@ngheattoandfromthe

surface.

Understandingthisiskeytobuildmodelsthatallowpredic@onsofhowwecantailorheattransferintechnicaldevices.

[email protected](Aero,UniversityofMichigan)

showsthatcommonlyusedmodelstopredict

boundarylayerflowsinenginesdonotwork

andourexperimentswillguidethe

developmentofbeermodelsthatcanbeused

inenginedesigns.

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FutureVision

IncreaseporGolioincontrolofthermalprocesses,devicelevelcomplexi@esincludingupscalingofthermaltransportandnewprocesses/materials/fluidswithimprovedthermalproper@es.

Applica@onareasofinterest Devicecooling Concentratedsolarpower,thermalstoragepowerplantcooling

Energygenera@on/conversionandpropulsion Advancedmanufacturing Bio-transport

1406 thermal transport processes nov2012

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