PRESENT PASSIVE SYSTEM

VoiceThere are two options for the voice of the verb: and

Active voice verbs are used in sentences were the subject is doing the action:

The passive voice is used in sentences where the action is being done by the subject:

Forming the Present Passive

Present Personal EndingsACTIVE ENDINGS

Person Ending

I -o / -m

You -s

He/She/it -t

We -mus

You all -tis

They -nt

PASSIVE ENDINGS

Person Ending

I -r

You -ris

He/She/it -tur

We -mur

You all -mini

They -ntur

• Passive Ending Chant• Translate as ‘is being ____ed’

Present Passives Conjugated

1st

conjugation2nd

conjugation3rd

conjugation3rd io

conjugation4th

conjugation

amor habeor mittor excipio audior

amaris haberis mitteris exciperis audiris

amatur habetur mittitur excipitur auditur

amamur habemur mittimur excipimur audimur

amamini habemini mittimini excipimini audimini

amantur habentur mittuntur excipiuntur audiuntur

Forming the Imperfect Passive

Imperfect Personal EndingsACTIVE ENDINGS

Person Ending

I -bam

You -bas

He/She/it -bat

We -bamus

You all -batis

They -bant

PASSIVE ENDINGS

Person Ending

I -bar

You -baris

He/She/it batur

We -bamur

You all -bamini

They -bantur

• Translate as ‘was being ____ed’

Imperfect Passive Conjugated1st

conjugation2nd

conjugation3rd

conjugation3rd io

conjugation4th

conjugation

amabar habebar mittebar excipiebar audiebar

amabaris habebaris mittebaris excipiebaris audiebaris

amabatur habebatur mittebatur excipiebatur audiebatur

amabamur habebamur mittebamur excipiebamur audiebamur

amabamini habebamini mittebamini excipiebamini audiebamini

amabantur habebantur mittebantur excipiebantur audiebantur

Forming the Future Passive

Future Personal EndingsACTIVE ENDINGS

Person Ending ½ Ending ¾

I -bo -am

You -bis -es

He/She/it -bit -et

We -bimus -emus

You all -bitis -etis

They -bunt -ent

PASSIVE ENDINGS

Person Ending ½ Ending ¾

I -bor -ar

You -beris -eris

He/She/it -bitur -etur

We -bimur -emur

You all -bimini -emini

They -buntur -entur

• Translate as ‘will be ____ed’

Future Passive Conjugated1st

conjugation2nd

conjugation

3rd

conjugation3rd io

conjugation4th

conjugation

amabor habebor mittar excipiar audiar

amaberis habeberis mitteris excipieris audieris

amabitur habebitur mittetur excipietur audietur

amabimur habebimur mittemur excipiemur audiemur

amabimini habebimini mittemini excipiemini audiemini

amabuntur habebuntur mittentur excipientur audientur

Exercise 17.3 #1-41. cotidie nuntii peiores Venusiam Romā afferebantur.

2. Flaccus his rumoribus magnopere commouebatur.

3. cum amicis in tabernā sedebat, quibus nuntius nouus allatus erat.

4. Flaccus ‘quid dicitis?’ inquit. ‘respublica in bellum ciuile iterumtrahitur, nec ius nec leges ualebunt.’

Exercise 17.4 #1-41. Theomnestus multos iuuenes in Academiā docuit.

2. Marcus multum argentum consumpserat.

3. ego patris mei mortem uindecabo.

4. Cicero solus rempublicam defendit.

Exercise Translations17.3.1: Everyday worse messages were being brought to Venusia from Rome.

17.3.2: Flaccus was greatly moved by these rumors.

17.3.3: He was sitting with his friends, to whom a new message had been brought. in a bar.

17.3.4: Flaccus said, “What do you all say? The Republic is being dragged into civil war again, neither justice nor laws will be well.”

17.4.1: multi iuuenes in Academia a Themonesto docti sunt. Many young men were taught in the Academy by Theomnestus.

17.4.2: multum argentum a Marco consumptum erat. Much money had been consumed by Marcus.

17.4.3: mors patris mei a me uindicabitur. The death of my father will be avenged by me.

17.4.4: respublica a Cicerone solo defensa est. The Republic was defended by Cicero alone.