Use and mention

Logic is part of philosophyLogic is a word

“Logic” is a word

Use

There’s glory for you.--what do you mean by “glory”?

Mention

Arguments and non-arguments

1. Warning or Advice2. Statement of Opinion or Belief3. Report4. Illustration5. Explanation6. Explication7. Conditional

You better not come to class late.

You really ought to do your homework

Warnings tend to be prohibitive in their aim.

Advice seems to be constructive, recommending.

The difference is not absolute, but can usually be made.

Opinions have to do with how one feels about something –subjective.

A belief is what one thinks is true about something or other.

Ice cream is better than cake

Trees are plants

The difference is not absolute, but can usually be made

illustrationillustration

Possible to interpret them as argumentsPossible to interpret them as arguments Ex: Heidegger’s really difficult to Ex: Heidegger’s really difficult to

understand; my friend’s a good student, understand; my friend’s a good student, and he just got frustrated trying to read and he just got frustrated trying to read Being and TimeBeing and Time..

Is this giving a reason to believe Heidegger is difficult, or is it giving an example of what it means to claim he’s difficult?

Explanation vs Explanation vs ExplicationExplication

Two senses of “explain”Two senses of “explain” --to tell why something is or happens as it --to tell why something is or happens as it

doesdoes --to make the meaning of something --to make the meaning of something

clearclearThe ontological argument is called that because it is about Being

Don’t miss class on a day we have a quiz.

Studying logic is fun.

Studying logic is like studying a foreign language in some ways.

A statement is the meaning of adeclarative sentence.

An argument is a series of statements. Being a series, it contains at least two.A statement is a sentence that can beeither true or false. The statement thatclaims to follow from the others is theconclusion; the others are thepremisses.

Every argument has a conclusion andat least one premise. For instance: Socrates is a man, therefore he is mortal.

The biggest reason people whodon’t do well in Logic don’t do wellis that they don’t keep up with thehomework.

If you come to class and I’m not here,you’ll expect an explanation and anapology. Likewise, if I come to class and you aren’t here, I’ll expect an explanation and apology.

If you arrive late, you should come in anyway.

But don’t arrive late!

You should really get your taxes in on time this year.

It’s great that DC got a baseball team,but they aren’t very good.

Going to minor league baseball is greatbecause it’s closer than DC, it’scheaper, and the players are almost as good

Minor league players make less thanmajor league players because theyare in the minors.

We should buy Giant brand becauseit’s cheaper than Thomas’.

If there were gas in the car, it wouldstart. But it won’t, so there mustn’t be.

Joe’s absent because he broke his leglast night.

They may as well abolish LaborDay. You’re supposed to get theday off on national holidays.

It’s really humid today.

It’s really unpleasant today.

If there’s gas in the tank, the car will run.

If the car runs, there is gas in the tank.

Antecendent: the “if” clause

Consequent: the “then” clause

The antecedent expresses a sufficientcondition.

The consequent expresses a necessary condition.