Increasing production of chickpea & pigeonpea through Intensive application of

Integrated Pest Management

2010-12Accelerated Pulses Production Programme

National Centre for Integrated Pest ManagementLBS Building, IARI Campus,

New Delhi-110012

O P Sharma

Objectives

• To establish 36 “Nuclear Model Units” in selected A3P units for pigeonpea and chickpea

• To impart training to all the Technical Assistants recruited under 123 pigeonpea and 214 chickpea blocks

• To carry out awareness campaigns through conventional (print) and electronic media

• To establish centralized “National Pest Reporting and Alert System” through networking of pulse growers

Cooperating Institutions

Operational areas and activities (units) for 2010-12

State Pigeonpea Chickpea

Andhra Pradesh(1 district)

1 2

Karnataka(1 district)

7 5

Madhya Pradesh(2 district)

3 2

Maharashtra(4 district)

6 5

Uttar Pradesh(2 district)

3 2

Total 20 16

1 unit = 1000ha

• Gypsum / elemental Sulphur

• Area specific variety with built in resistance

• Micro nutrients (Zn)

• Rhizobium / PSB

• Seed treatment (Trichoderma )

• Pheromone traps

• Neem oil

• NPV (HaNPV )

• Chemical pesticides (Carbendazim, Quinolphos, Endosulfan, Monocrotophos, Profenophos, Dimethoate, Emmamectin, Renaxpyr, NAA)

Inputs supplied to beneficiaries (participating farmers) under A3P

Critical Components of IPM

Microbial bio-inoculants/pesticides

• Survey conducted 4 days in a week : 3 days for fixed survey and 1 day for rapid roving

• Fixed survey in 34 villages (Two spots / village ) – 3 days a week

• Random survey in the whole district 40 spots / day

• Information pooled on Friday and recommendations given on Saturday (over phone & SMS) as alert for pest management action

Methodology of e- Pest Surveillance

e - National Pest Reporting and Alert System

http://www.ncipm.org.in/A3P/UI/HOME/Login.aspx

Register Scout information

Scout survey information data entry Tracking report

Temporal report (Tabular format) Current Pest report

GIS aided mapping of pest situation in real time

Advisory (Options in : English, Hindi, Marathi, Telugu, Kannada) 2132 SMS till date

Benefits of e-Pest Surveillance

• Timely detection and initiation of preventive and curative (localized) management practices for key pests

• SMS alerts and learning by experience (FFS), farmers were able to experience themselves with pests and their natural enemies during crop period

• Less spray & correct chemical pesticide compatible with naturally occurring defenders (predators & parasitoids) has resulted in their conservation

• Contributed to increase in yield by preventing losses caused by pests.

Parbhani

Nanded

Podborer incidence

Osmanabad

Incidence of diseases was very less due to large scale adoption of BSMR varieties

Andhra Pradesh

Met week (Nov)

Insect pest scenario

Diseases

Hamirpur

Banda

Chhindwara

Taluka

Mean number of Egg load / plant

50 % Flowering Peak Flowering Pod Development

A3P Non A3P A3P Non A3P A3P Non A3P

Chittapur 0.4 2.7 1.7 3.2 0.20 0.24

Gulbarga 0.3 2.6 1.0 3.5 0.20 0.20

Jewargi 0.3 2.8 1.6 2.5 0.10 0.14

Chincholli 0.3 2.9 1.4 3.8 0.20 0.24

Aland 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.10 0.05

Afzalpur 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.10 0.05

Sedam 0.5 3.5 1.8 3.6 0.20 0.19

Average 0.33 2.26 1.16 2.54 0.16 0.16

Status of Helicoverpa eggs at different stages of crop (2010)

Pest scenario analysis ………………

Taluka

Mean number of larvae/ plant

50 % Flowering Peak Flowering Pod Development

A3P Non A3P A3P Non A3P A3P Non A3P

Chittapur 0.4 0.4 1.0 3.2 0.4 3.7

Gulbarga 0.2 0.4 1.2 2.7 0.4 3.2

Jewargi 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.5 0.2 1.3

Chincholli 0.3 0.4 1.3 2.7 0.4 2.9

Aland 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.5

Afzalpur 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.9

Sedam 0.4 0.8 1.5 3.6 0.4 3.7

Average 0.27 0.39 0.96 2.16 0.31 2.31

Status of Helicoverpa larval incidence (2010)

Taluka

Mean number of live webs (Maruca) / plant

Peak flowerIng Pod development stage

A3P Non-A3P A3P Non A3P

Chittapur 0.05 0.19 0.00 0.01

Gulbarga 0.05 0.20 0.01 0.02

Jewargi 0.27 1.07 0.03 0.11

Chincholli 0.54 2.17 0.03 0.12

Aland 0.63 2.51 0.03 0.10

Afzalpur 0.35 1.40 0.01 0.04

Sedam 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

Average 0.27 1.08 0.02 0.06

Mean number of bugs (pod bug) / plant

Peak flowering Pod development stage

A3P Non-A3P A3P Non A3P

0.00 0.01 0.04 0.15

0.02 0.08 0.06 0.24

0.04 0.15 0.39 1.56

0.04 0.16 0.27 1.08

0.04 0.14 0.06 0.25

0.03 0.10 0.03 0.11

0.03 0.10 0.00 0.01

0.03 0.11 0.12 0.49

Taluka

Percent pod fly damage

Pod development stage Pod maturity stage

A3P Non-A3P A3P Non A3P

Chittapur 1.70 1.88 1.90 6.80

Gulbarga 2.10 2.75 2.20 8.40

Jewargi 1.60 3.13 2.50 6.40

Chincholli 1.90 4.00 3.20 7.60

Aland 3.15 4.25 3.40 12.60

Afzalpur 2.60 4.50 3.60 10.40

Sedam 2.80 8.40 4.20 11.20

Average 2.26 4.13 3.00 9.06

Maruca Pod bug

Pod fly

Status of other pests (2010)

Taluka

Mean number coccinellids / plant

Peak flowering stage Pod development stage

A3P Non-A3P A3P Non A3P

Chittapur 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01

Gulbarga 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01

Jewargi 0.07 0.02 0.11 0.03

Chincholli 0.09 0.02 0.14 0.03

Aland 0.10 0.03 0.16 0.04

Afzalpur 0.14 0.04 0.22 0.05

Sedam 0.02 0.04 0.23 0.06

Average 0.07 0.02 0.13 0.03

Mean number chrysopa eggs / plant

Peak flowering stage Pod development stage

A3P Non-A3P A3P Non A3P

0.06 0.02 0.04 0.01

0.17 0.04 0.11 0.03

0.20 0.05 0.13 0.03

0.25 0.06 0.16 0.04

0.23 0.06 0.15 0.04

0.29 0.07 0.19 0.05

0.33 0.08 0.21 0.05

0.22 0.05 0.14 0.04

TalukaNew molecules Bio-pesticides Total sprays by

A3P Non A3P A3P Non A3P A3P Non – A3P

Chittapur 1.12 2.54 2.0 0.05 4.52 6.59

Gulbarga 1.11 2.75 2.0 0.01 4.61 6.76

Jewargi 1.13 2.48 2.0 0.02 4.33 7.70

Chincholli 1.12 2.34 2.0 0.01 5.02 6.25

Aland 1.10 2.75 2.0 0.02 4.90 6.17

Afzalpur 1.14 2.29 2.0 0.03 4.54 6.52

Sedam 1.13 2.83 2.0 0.07 4.63 6.00

Average 1.12 2.57 2.00 0.03 4.65 6.57

New molecules Indoxacarb, Spinosad, Emamectin benzoate, flubendiamide, Rynaxypyr

Bio-pesticides Trichoderma, Neem and HaNPV

Status of beneficial and eco-friendly pesticides

Leaf roller MarucaExcessive rain led to higher incidence of leaf roller & Maruca webber

Emerging pests ……………………

Excessive rain led to Cercospora disease ….. Leading to flower drops (up to 50% in extreme cases) Farmers were advised to spray carbadenzim 2%Flower drops due to foggy mornings ……… advised to spray NAA and irrigate.

Damaged pod with live larvae

Damaged pod with NPV affected larvae

Powdery mildew affected leaves

Seed damagePod damage

Blank patches due to mortality of plant by Phytophthora blight

Symptoms of infected plant with Phytophthora drechsleri f sp. cajani

SMD infected plants

MAU, Parbhani on 23-24th Sep., 2010

Maharashtra 27

Gujarat 8

Capacity Building Capacity Building Technical Assistant (Nos) under A3PTechnical Assistant (Nos) under A3P

ARS, Gulbarga on 13-14th Oct., 2010

Karnataka 23

Andhra Pradesh 21

Chatishgarh 4

About the crop, Hollistic crop care, Key pests of pigeonpea and their management with the use of e-Pest Surveillance

IIPR, Kanpur on 14-15th Jan., 2011

Uttar Pradesh 15

Madhya Pradesh 3

Jharkhand 3

Empowerment of Farmers Empowerment of Farmers under A3Punder A3P

• Hollistic crop care • Identification of key pests of pigeonpea and chickpea • Differentiation between friendly and foe insect• Crop monitoring methods (weekly monitoring & pheromone traps) • Correct timing and method of spray based on SMS received through

e-Pest Surveillance system • Timely application of pesticides for pest management• Safe use of pesticides

Karnataka > 5531

Maharashtra > 3000

Andhra Pradesh > 2000

Madhya Pradesh > 2000

Uttar Pradesh > 1000

Seed treatment with PSB + Rhizobium Seed treatment with Trichoderma

Farmers empowerment

Farmers empowerment

Educational and extension materialsEducational and extension materials

Educational material in Hindi, Telugu & Marathi in under preparation

• Build up confidence among farmers about working/benefits of bio-pesticides through village level demonstrations

• Minimizing losses through timely interventions, preventive and curative (localized) practices led to increase in yield (viz., 15.09-17.89 % increase in Gulbarga)

• 1st time large area (20000 ha) of pigeonpea has been covered under “Area wide Pest Management”.

Achievement at national level

Lessons learnt

• Prioritization of interventions including plant protection to mitigate effect of changing climatic conditions

Changing pattern of pest occurrence e.g., Maruca, podbug, foliar and root diseases in MP, MS, Karnataka and AP.

• Reaction of different pesticides in targeted states under A3P and large scale performance of new green pesticides

Future programme

• Finetuning of the programme based on feedback and experiences of 2010.

• Development of “Timelines” and strengthening of co-operation with State Agri Deptt.

• Strengthening of “e-Pest Surveillance ….” programme with participation of willing State Governments (e.g., Maharashtra, Orissa ……).

• Devising & mapping of hot spot areas, wherein minor pests are becoming major in view of changing agricultural practices / climatic conditions.