9. enterprise networking & the internet. enterprise network hardware; software;...

9.ENTERPRISE

NETWORKING&

THE INTERNET

9.ENTERPRISE

NETWORKING&

THE INTERNET

ENTERPRISE NETWORKENTERPRISE NETWORK

• HARDWARE; SOFTWARE; HARDWARE; SOFTWARE; TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA RESOURCESRESOURCES

• MORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE MORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE DESKTOPDESKTOP

• NETWORK LINKING SMALLER NETWORK LINKING SMALLER NETWORKSNETWORKS

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INTERNETWORKINGINTERNETWORKING

• LINK NETWORKSLINK NETWORKS

• EACH RETAINS IDENTITYEACH RETAINS IDENTITY

• INTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORKINTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORK

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CLIENT / SERVER MODELCLIENT / SERVER MODEL

• SPLITS PROCESSINGSPLITS PROCESSING

• CLIENTCLIENT

• SERVERSERVER

CLIENTCLIENT• USER POINT - OF - ENTRYUSER POINT - OF - ENTRY• COMPUTER / WORKSTATION / LAPTOPCOMPUTER / WORKSTATION / LAPTOP• USER INTERACTS WITH CLIENTUSER INTERACTS WITH CLIENT• THRU GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE THRU GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

(GUI)(GUI)• ENTER & RETRIEVE DATAENTER & RETRIEVE DATA• ANALYZE & REPORTANALYZE & REPORT

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SERVERSERVER

• COMPUTER SATISFIES USER’S COMPUTER SATISFIES USER’S NEEDSNEEDS

• NOT VISIBLE TO USERNOT VISIBLE TO USER

• PROCESSINGPROCESSING

• ACCESS TO DATABASESACCESS TO DATABASES

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ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE

• DOING BUSINESS ELECTRONICALLYDOING BUSINESS ELECTRONICALLY• AUTOMATION OF BUSINESS - TO -AUTOMATION OF BUSINESS - TO -

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONSBUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

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CAPABILITYCAPABILITY FUNCTIONS SUPPORTEDFUNCTIONS SUPPORTED

E -MAILE -MAIL PERSON -TO-PERSON MESSAGING; DOCUMENT SHARINGPERSON -TO-PERSON MESSAGING; DOCUMENT SHARING

USERNET NEWSGROUPSUSERNET NEWSGROUPS ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDSELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDS

CHATTINGCHATTING INTERACTIVE CONVERSATIONSINTERACTIVE CONVERSATIONS

TELNETTELNET LOG ON ONE COMPUTER, WORK ON ANOTHERLOG ON ONE COMPUTER, WORK ON ANOTHER

GOPHERSGOPHERS LOCATE TEXT USING HIERARCHY OF MENUSLOCATE TEXT USING HIERARCHY OF MENUS

ARCHIEARCHIE SEARCH DATABASES FOR FILES AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOADINGSEARCH DATABASES FOR FILES AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOADING

WAISWAIS LOCATE FILES IN DATABASES USING KEYSLOCATE FILES IN DATABASES USING KEYS

FTPFTP TRANSFER FILES FROM COMPUTER TO COMPUTERTRANSFER FILES FROM COMPUTER TO COMPUTER

WORLD WIDE WEBWORLD WIDE WEB HYPERTEXT LINKS TO RETRIEVE/FORMAT/DISPLAY INFORMATIONHYPERTEXT LINKS TO RETRIEVE/FORMAT/DISPLAY INFORMATION

INTERNET CAPABILITIESINTERNET CAPABILITIES

INTERNET ADDRESSINTERNET ADDRESS

[email protected]

INDIVIDUAL OR INDIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION NAMEORGANIZATION NAME

HOST HOST COMPUTERCOMPUTER

LOCATIONLOCATION

DOMAINDOMAIN

RETRIEVAL ON THE INTERNETRETRIEVAL ON THE INTERNET

• GOPHER: Character-oriented tool; Locates Text GOPHER: Character-oriented tool; Locates Text Thru Easy-to-use MenusThru Easy-to-use Menus

• ARCHIE: Tool for Key-word Searches of ARCHIE: Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases; Provides File NamesDatabases; Provides File Names

• WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVERS (WAIS): WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVERS (WAIS): Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases; Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases; Requires Database NamesRequires Database Names

• FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP):Easy Tool for FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP):Easy Tool for Transferring Remote FilesTransferring Remote Files

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WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• STANDARDS TO STORE, RETRIEVE, STANDARDS TO STORE, RETRIEVE, FORMAT, DISPLAY INFORMATIONFORMAT, DISPLAY INFORMATION

• CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURECLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACEGRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

• DYNAMIC LINKS TO OTHER DYNAMIC LINKS TO OTHER DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

• EXPLOSION IN BUSINESS USEEXPLOSION IN BUSINESS USE

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• HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML):Hypertext Tool to Create Dynamic (HTML):Hypertext Tool to Create Dynamic Links to Same or Other DocumentsLinks to Same or Other Documents

• BROWSER: Tool Supports Graphics, BROWSER: Tool Supports Graphics, Hyperlinks, to Navigate WebHyperlinks, to Navigate Web

• SEARCH ENGINE: Tool for Locating Sites, SEARCH ENGINE: Tool for Locating Sites, Information on Internet / WWWInformation on Internet / WWW

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• HOME PAGE: WWW Text / graphics HOME PAGE: WWW Text / graphics Screen; Welcomes User; Introduces Screen; Welcomes User; Introduces Organization; Starting Screen for Organization; Starting Screen for DocumentDocument

• WEB SITE: All WWW Pages WEB SITE: All WWW Pages Maintained by an Organization.Maintained by an Organization.

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WWW ADDRESSWWW ADDRESS

http//www.datamation.com

GO TO WEBGO TO WEB

WEB SITE WEB SITE NAMENAME

TYPE OF TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

INTERNET BENEFITS TO ORGANIZATION

INTERNET BENEFITS TO ORGANIZATION

• REDUCES COMMUNICATION COSTSREDUCES COMMUNICATION COSTS

• ENHANCES COMMUNICATION; ENHANCES COMMUNICATION; COORDINATIONCOORDINATION

• ACCELERATES KNOWLEDGE ACCELERATES KNOWLEDGE DISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTION

• ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE

INTRANETINTRANET

• INTERNAL NETWORKINTERNAL NETWORK• WWW TECHNOLOGYWWW TECHNOLOGY• FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent

Invasion of Private NetworksInvasion of Private Networks• OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM

DIFFERENCESDIFFERENCES• OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING

NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURENETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

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BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS OF INTRANETS


BENEFITS: BENEFITS: • Standard Documents Always Current, Standard Documents Always Current,

Available. Less Expensive than PaperAvailable. Less Expensive than Paper• Can Create, Coordinate New DocumentsCan Create, Coordinate New Documents• Virtual ConferencingVirtual Conferencing• Project, Order Tracking SimplifiedProject, Order Tracking Simplified

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LIMITATIONS: LIMITATIONS: • Can’t Replace Large TPS Programs (e.g.: Can’t Replace Large TPS Programs (e.g.:

Payroll; Accounting; Production / Payroll; Accounting; Production / Operations; Marketing)Operations; Marketing)

• Too Slow for High-Speed Data TransferToo Slow for High-Speed Data Transfer• Not yet as Functional as GroupwareNot yet as Functional as Groupware• Require Tight Security Control and Careful Require Tight Security Control and Careful

Management PlanningManagement Planning

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INTERNET CHALLENGESINTERNET CHALLENGES• SECURITY: Exposure to Thieves & Vandals; SECURITY: Exposure to Thieves & Vandals;

Hackers Steal, Use Passwords; Not Yet Safe Hackers Steal, Use Passwords; Not Yet Safe for Large Business Transactionsfor Large Business Transactions

• TECHNOLOGY: Lack of Uniform Standards; TECHNOLOGY: Lack of Uniform Standards; Transfer of Graphics, Video can be CostlyTransfer of Graphics, Video can be Costly

• LEGAL ISSUES: Need More Laws LEGAL ISSUES: Need More Laws Governing Electronic Commerce; Are e-mail Governing Electronic Commerce; Are e-mail Contracts, Electronic Signatures Legal?Contracts, Electronic Signatures Legal?

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CONNECTIVITYCONNECTIVITY

MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE

INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTIONINTERVENTION

OPEN SYSTEMS: Software Able to OPEN SYSTEMS: Software Able to Function on Different Computer Function on Different Computer Platforms. Nonproprietary Operating Platforms. Nonproprietary Operating Systems, Applications, ProtocolsSystems, Applications, Protocols

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CONNECTIVITY FOR NETWORKSCONNECTIVITY FOR NETWORKS• REFERENCE MODEL: Generic Framework REFERENCE MODEL: Generic Framework

for Thinking About a Problemfor Thinking About a Problem

• PROTOCOL: Statement of How Specific PROTOCOL: Statement of How Specific Task will be PerformedTask will be Performed

• STANDARD: Approved Reference Models STANDARD: Approved Reference Models & Protocols; Determined by Standard-& Protocols; Determined by Standard-setting Groupssetting Groups

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TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL

(TCP / IP)


(TCP / IP)REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972

1. APPLICATION: Provides Screen Presentations1. APPLICATION: Provides Screen Presentations

2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP): 2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP): Breaks Data into DatagramsBreaks Data into Datagrams

3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks, Sends 3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks, Sends Datagrams as Smaller IP Packets; Can Repeat Datagrams as Smaller IP Packets; Can Repeat Transmission to Increase ReliabilityTransmission to Increase Reliability

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(TCP / IP)


(TCP / IP)4. NETWORK INTERFACE: Handles 4. NETWORK INTERFACE: Handles

Addressing and Interface Between Addressing and Interface Between Computer & NetworkComputer & Network

5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines Electrical 5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines Electrical Transmission Characteristics for Sending Transmission Characteristics for Sending Signal Along Networks to DestinationSignal Along Networks to Destination

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OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (OSI)


INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MODELINTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MODEL

FOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES OFFOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES OF

COMPUTERS & NETWORKS. LAYERS:COMPUTERS & NETWORKS. LAYERS:

1. PHYSICAL: Transmission of Data over 1. PHYSICAL: Transmission of Data over MediumMedium

2. DATA LINK: Packaging, Transfer of 2. DATA LINK: Packaging, Transfer of Packets; Error CheckingPackets; Error Checking

3. NETWORK: Routing Packets Over WAN3. NETWORK: Routing Packets Over WAN

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4. TRANSPORT: Ensures Reliable Data Delivery4. TRANSPORT: Ensures Reliable Data Delivery

5. SESSION: Establishes Communication Links 5. SESSION: Establishes Communication Links on Networkon Network

6. PRESENTATION: Code Conversion for Data 6. PRESENTATION: Code Conversion for Data PresentationPresentation

7. APPLICATION: Specialized User Functions 7. APPLICATION: Specialized User Functions (e.g.: Operating System; File Transfer; e-mail)(e.g.: Operating System; File Transfer; e-mail)

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INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN)

INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN)

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FORINTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR

TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO, DATA.TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO, DATA.

WIDE RANGE OF SERVICEWIDE RANGE OF SERVICE

OVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINES.OVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINES.

DEVELOPED LATE 1970s BY DEVELOPED LATE 1970s BY CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPHY & INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPHY & TELEPHONY (CCITT)TELEPHONY (CCITT)

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PROBLEMS POSED BY ENTERPRISE NETWORKING

PROBLEMS POSED BY ENTERPRISE NETWORKING

• CONNECTIVITY PROBLEMSCONNECTIVITY PROBLEMS• LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROLLOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL• ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGESORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES• HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT / SERVER HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT / SERVER

COMPUTINGCOMPUTING• NETWORK RELIABILITY & SECURITYNETWORK RELIABILITY & SECURITY

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SOME SOLUTIONSSOME SOLUTIONS

• MANAGING THE CHANGEMANAGING THE CHANGE

• EDUCATION & TRAININGEDUCATION & TRAINING

• DATA ADMINISTRATION DISCIPLINEDATA ADMINISTRATION DISCIPLINE

• PLANNING FOR CONNECTIVITYPLANNING FOR CONNECTIVITY

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MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

• Enterprise Networking Requires Enterprise Networking Requires Change of MindsetChange of Mindset

• Difficult to Enforce Connectivity Difficult to Enforce Connectivity StandardsStandards

• Centralization vs. De-CentralizationCentralization vs. De-Centralization