A (very) briefstory of Islam inIndonesia

INDONESIA

Indonesia is a country that lies in the south east of Asia. It consists of thousands of islands. The 2010 Indonesian population census indicated that the total population reached 237,6 million people.

With many islands, beaches,

and mountains,

Indonesia is blessed

with lots of stunning sceneries

Kanawa Island

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Garut-westjava-indonesia-daytime.jpg

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Istiqlal_Mosque_Front_of_Al_Fattah_Gate.JPG

Approximately 87,5 percent of the population, or over

210 million are Muslim, making Indonesia the largest

Muslim country in world

Islam came to

Indonesia brought

by traders from

Gujarat India, Arab,

and Chinese. Some

historian claimed

Islam came as early

as 8th

century, but

the spread of Islam

not until around

12th

-13th

century.

At that time, people who wants to make

trade from Arab and India to China

Or from China to India and Arabia

Must go through Indonesia, and this is one

of the reason how Islam entered Indonesia

A famous Chinese

Admiral, Cheng Ho,

arrived in Java in period

around 1405-1433. He

had an important role in

spreading Islam in

Indonesia especially in

Java.

Cheng Ho’s expedition has

established Muslim

Chinese and Arab

communities in northern

ports of Java such as in

Semarang, Demak, Tuban,

and Ampel, thus Islam

began to gain foothold on

Java's northern coast.

Moslem traders introduced their religion to the

local people. Islam entered Indonesia through

peaceful way with no aggression.

Some of the traders are even married local

girl. This makes the spread of Islam even

faster with their wife now converts to Islam.

When Islam first came to Indonesia, Majapahit

was the kingdom that ruled most of the area.

Even though it was in its decline, Majapahit still

holds much power in Indonesia. Hindu, Budha,

and animism is the local’s beliefs at that time.

The Oldest Islam Kingdom

in Indonesia was the Ternate Sultanate

The second oldest was the Samudera Pasai

Sultanate. It was one of the biggest

Islamic Sultanate in Indonesia,

it spanned from 1267-1521

After that, a lot of Islamic Sultanate being

established through out Indonesia

Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Sumatera

Kerajaan JeumpaKesultanan PeureulakKesultanan Samudera PasaiKesultanan LamuriKerajaan PedirKerajaan DayaKerajaan LingeKesultanan AcehKerajaan Malayu Tambayung((abad 6 akhir) BintanKesultanan IndrapuraKerajaan PasamanKerajaan PagaruyungKerajaan SigunturKerajaan Sungai PaguKerajaan Pulau PunjungKerajaan Jambu LippoKerajaan Koto AnauKerajaan Bungo Setangkai

Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Kalimantan

Kesultanan Pasir (1516)Kesultanan Banjar (1526-1905)Kesultanan KotawaringinKerajaan Pagatan (1750)Kesultanan Sambas (1671)Kesultanan Kutai Kartanegara ing MartadipuraKesultanan Berau (1400)Kesultanan Sambaliung (1810)Kesultanan Gunung Tabur (1820)Kesultanan Pontianak (1771)Kerajaan TidungKesultanan Bulungan (1731)

Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Java

Kesultanan Cirebon (1552 - 1677)Kesultanan Demak (1500 - 1550)Kesultanan Banten (1524 - 1813)Kesultanan Pajang (1568 - 1618)Kesultanan Mataram (1586 - 1755)

Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Sulawesi

Kesultanan Gowa (awal abad ke-16)Kesultanan Buton (1332 - 1911)Kesultanan Bone (abad 17)Kerajaan Banggai ([abad 16)]

Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Maluku

Kesultanan Ternate (1257 - ..... )Kesultanan Tidore (1110 - 1947?)Kesultanan JailoloKesultanan BacanKerajaan LolodaKerajaan Tanah Hitu (1470-1682)Kerajaan IhaKerajaan Honimoa/ Siri SoriKerajaan Huamual

Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Papua

Kerajaan WaigeoKerajaan Misool/Lilinta (marga Dekamboe)Kerajaan Salawati (marga Arfan)Kerajaan Sailolof/Waigama (marga Tafalas)Kerajaan Fatagar (marga Uswanas)Kerajaan Rumbati (marga Bauw)Kerajaan Atiati (marga Kerewaindżai)Kerajaan Sekar (marga Rumgesan)Kerajaan PatipiKerajaan ArguniKerajaan Wertuar (marga Heremba)Kerajaan Kowiai/kerajaan NamatotaKerajaan AidumaKerajaan Kaimana

The spread of Islam made

easy because many Kings

from existing kingdom in

Indonesia converts to Islam

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_Sultan_van_Siak_met_rijksgroten_in_de_afdeling_Bengalis_oostkust_van_Sumatra_TMnr_60012313.jpg

The Sultan of Siak

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_Sultan_van_Siak_met_rijksgroten_in_de_afdeling_Bengalis_oostkust_van_Sumatra_TMnr_60012313.jpg

The Sultan of Siak

With the influence of a King,

it was easy for him to make

his followers convert to

Islam too.

Kingdom across Indonesia

one by one converts and

Islam spreads through out

Indonesia

The King of Gowa

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mangi_Mangi_Kara%C3%ABng_Bontonompo_koning_van_Gowa_luistert_naar_de_installatierede_van_waarnemend_gouverneur_van_Celebes_en_Onderhorigheden_de_heer_Bosselaar_TMnr_10001592.jpg

In the beginning, Islam

in Indonesia used a lot

of compromise. Having

entered a society with a

previous strong beliefs

(Hindu, Buddha,

animism), teachers of

Islam at that time

incorporate the local

traditional culture, habit,

and rituals to their

teaching of Islam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_dukun_tijdens_de_bereiding_van_zijn_geneesmiddelen_TMnr_60027035.jpg

This made some a

portion of Moslem

people in Indonesia

today still practicing

some sort of traditional

rituals from their

culture.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_dukun_tijdens_de_bereiding_van_zijn_geneesmiddelen_TMnr_60027035.jpg

It was easy for Islam to

be accepted by the

people of Indonesia,

since the principle of

Islam is similar to the

existing belief in the

local society

Also the influence of

Hindu and Buddha

Kingdom in Indonesia is

in decline by the time

Islam started to enter

Indonesia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sundanese_Grandma.jpg

With this, the spread of

Islam becomes easy

and the number of

people converting to

Islam growing through

out time.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sundanese_Grandma.jpg

In 1596, there was a guest

coming to Indonesia

That guest will stay for another 350

years in Indonesia

Indonesia enters the

colonialism era.

The Vereenigde Oost-Indische

Compagnie, VOC, was a chartered

company established in 1602. VOC

had a presence in the Indonesian

archipelago from 1603, when the first

trading post was established. The

first permanent Dutch trading post in

Indonesia was established in Banten,

northwest Java and in 1611, another

was established at Jayakarta

The position of Indonesian Muslim in

this era can be described in two

phases.

The initial phase was more

accommodating. The VOC respected

and facilitated the Muslim activities.

This can be because they are trying

to be accepted by the local people

since they have just arrived in

Indonesia.

After the VOC was replaced by the establishment

of Dutch colonial, the policy had become more

repressive. The social and political activities is

strictly controlled

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herman_Willem_Daendels.png

Hermann Willem

Daendels

1762-1818

Daendels was the Governor

General of the East Dutch

Indies in 1807. His famous

work was building a thousand

km long road from Anyer to

Panarukan in Java in just one

year. But in the expense of

thousands of Javanese people

died because he subjected

the people to forced labour

(rodi)

Having to have to live under repressive policy, Indonesian Muslim

began to consolidate their nationalism and Islamic spirit.

Islamic boarding school (pesantren) becoming the base for the

struggle against the Dutch Indies

In the early 20th

century, numbers of Islamic organization is

formed, such as Sarekat Dagang Islam, Muhamadiyah, Nahdlatul

Ulama, Partai Sarikat Islam, and Persatuan Islam

These organizations plays important role to the struggle for the

Indonesian independence

Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan

1868-1923

Ahmad Dahlan is a national Hero and was the founder

of Muhamadiyah organization. The mission of

Muhamadiyah is to purify Islam in Indonesia. Ahmad

Dahlan role to educate Muslim in Indonesia is crucial

to the struggle for Independence. Through his

teaching, many Indonesian realize that they need to

wake up and fight the colonialism.

There are a lot of Muslim

fighters through out the time

of struggle for independence

all across Indonesia

Teuku Umar from Aceh

Cut Nyak Dien from Aceh

Prince Diponegoro from Java

On August 17th

1945,

Indonesia declared its Independence

The Indonesian leader opted to

use liberal democracy as the

national ideology. At the early of

the Independence, many Islamic

leader tried to make Islam as the

ideology with the argument that

the majority of the population is

Muslim, but it never succeed

President Soeharto rise to power

from 1967 until 1998

Under President Soeharto’s regime,

the political activities are heavily

supervised, but the religious

activities, rituals, and ceremonies are

being facilitated.

President Soeharto

Presidential term: March 12, 1967

– May 21, 1998

Under President Soeharto’s too that

“The Council of Indonesia Muslim

Scholar” (Majelis Ulama Indonesia)

was formed. It facilitated the Muslim

leaders and scholars. The

government also facilitated many

religious activities like Hajj, zakat,

and building Mosque

President Soeharto

Presidential term: March 12, 1967

– May 21, 1998

When President Habibie came to

power, it was the reformation era. In

this era, lots of new political parties,

and some of them are Islamic

political parties.

President Habibie

Presidential term: 21 May 1998 –

20 October 1999

Even though the majority of the population is Muslim,

the Islam-based party did not win the election at that

time, with most of the population opted to choose a

nationalist-based party

Islam in Indonesia have its ups and downs. With majority

of the population is now Muslim, it has become a really

conducive and peaceful place for Muslim to practice

their religion

Even so, Indonesian Muslim lives hand in hand with

other religion in a peaceful manner. Having a high

tolerance and respect between one and another

http://www.flickr.com/photos/seiu/374542734/

If you want to know

whether Islam,

democracy, modernity,

and women’s rights

can co-exist….

go to Indonesia

“

”-Hillary Clinton

Credits• Kasnawi, M. T., Sudirman, 2013, Islam In Indonesia Tranformation from colonialism into liberalism

era., Internation Confrence on Islam in Asia 19-21 June 2013, Al-Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco

• Wanandi, J., 2012, Islam in Indonesia: Its History, Development and Future Challenges, Asia-Pacific Review, Vol 9, No. 2

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_2009• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Suharto,_1993.jpg• http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg• http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Istiqlal_Mosque_Front_of_Al_Fattah_Gate.JPG• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Candi_Jabung_B.JPG• http://www.flickr.com/photos/seiu/374542734/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/sa-photo/3287990364/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/sa-photo/3287175885/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/julien_harneis/297156743/• COLLECTIE TROPPEN MUSEUM• Other sources that I forgot to note, sorry…