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Slide 1 A Case Study in Tourism Development: Na8onal Park Visita8on Pa<erns in the Southwest November 2, 2012 James Orr, Research Coordinator New Mexico Tourism Department

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Page 1: A!Case!Study!in!Tourism!Development:! Naonal!Park!Visitaon ... · Slide7 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

 Slide  1  

A  Case  Study  in  Tourism  Development:  Na8onal  Park  Visita8on  Pa<erns  in  the  Southwest  

 November  2,  2012  

James  Orr,  Research  Coordinator  New  Mexico  Tourism  Department  

Page 2: A!Case!Study!in!Tourism!Development:! Naonal!Park!Visitaon ... · Slide7 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

 Slide  2  

Trends  in  Na+onal  Park  Visits  by  State:  1979-­‐2011  

157%  

119%  

84%  

238%  

50%  

75%  

100%  

125%  

150%  

175%  

200%  

225%  

250%  

1979   1981   1983   1985   1987   1989   1991   1993   1995   1997   1999   2001   2003   2005   2007   2009   2011  

Arizona  

Colorado  

New  Mexico  

Utah  

Source:  U.S.  Na8onal  Park  Service,  h<ps://irma.nps.gov/Stats    Total  Park  visits  2011   AZ   CO   UT   NM  

(in  millions)   8.4   4.9   7.2   1.5  

Page 3: A!Case!Study!in!Tourism!Development:! Naonal!Park!Visitaon ... · Slide7 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

 Slide  3                              

Two  Goals  of  this  Study:    

• Why  has  park  visita8on  declined  in  New  Mexico?  

• What  factors  are  associated  with  increased  visita8on?  

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 Slide  4                              

Why  IS  New  Mexico  Not  Doing  as  Well  as  our  Compe88ve  Set?  

Page 5: A!Case!Study!in!Tourism!Development:! Naonal!Park!Visitaon ... · Slide7 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

 Slide  5  

Top  5*  Arizona  NPS  Recrea+onal  Visits  1979-­‐2011  

0  

500,000  

1,000,000  

1,500,000  

2,000,000  

2,500,000  

3,000,000  

3,500,000  

4,000,000  

4,500,000  

5,000,000  

1979  

1980  

1981  

1982  

1983  

1984  

1985  

1986  

1987  

1988  

1989  

1990  

1991  

1992  

1993  

1994  

1995  

1996  

1997  

1998  

1999  

2000  

2001  

2002  

2003  

2004  

2005  

2006  

2007  

2008  

2009  

2010  

2011  

Grand  Canyon  NP  

Canyon  de  Chelly  NM  

Petrified  Forest  NP  

Saguaro  NP  

Montezuma  Castle  NM  

*Top  5  in  2011   Source:  U.S.  Na8onal  Park  Service,  h<ps://irma.nps.gov/Stats    

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 Slide  6  

Top  5*  Colorado  NPS  Recrea+onal  Visits  1979-­‐2011  

0  

500,000  

1,000,000  

1,500,000  

2,000,000  

2,500,000  

3,000,000  

3,500,000  

1979  

1980  

1981  

1982  

1983  

1984  

1985  

1986  

1987  

1988  

1989  

1990  

1991  

1992  

1993  

1994  

1995  

1996  

1997  

1998  

1999  

2000  

2001  

2002  

2003  

2004  

2005  

2006  

2007  

2008  

2009  

2010  

2011  

Rocky  Mountain  NP  

Mesa  Verde  NP  

Colorado  NM  

Great  Sand  Dunes  

Black  Canyon  of  the  Gunnison  

*Top  5  in  2011   Source:  U.S.  Na8onal  Park  Service,  h<ps://irma.nps.gov/Stats    

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 Slide  7  

0  

500,000  

1,000,000  

1,500,000  

2,000,000  

2,500,000  

3,000,000  

1979  

1980  

1981  

1982  

1983  

1984  

1985  

1986  

1987  

1988  

1989  

1990  

1991  

1992  

1993  

1994  

1995  

1996  

1997  

1998  

1999  

2000  

2001  

2002  

2003  

2004  

2005  

2006  

2007  

2008  

2009  

2010  

2011  

Zion  NP  

Bryce  Canyon  NP  

Arches  NP  

Capitol  Reef  NP  

Cedar  Breaks  NM  

Top  5*  Utah  NPS  Recrea+onal  Visits  1979-­‐2011  

*Top  5  in  2011   Source:  U.S.  Na8onal  Park  Service,  h<ps://irma.nps.gov/Stats    

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 Slide  8  

Top  5*  New  Mexico  NPS  Recrea+onal  Visits  1979-­‐2011  

0  

100,000  

200,000  

300,000  

400,000  

500,000  

600,000  

700,000  

800,000  

900,000  

1979  

1980  

1981  

1982  

1983  

1984  

1985  

1986  

1987  

1988  

1989  

1990  

1991  

1992  

1993  

1994  

1995  

1996  

1997  

1998  

1999  

2000  

2001  

2002  

2003  

2004  

2005  

2006  

2007  

2008  

2009  

2010  

2011  

White  Sands  NM  

Carlsbad  Caverns  NP  

Bandelier  NM  

Petroglyph  NM  

El  Malpais  NM  

*Top  5  in  2011   Source:  U.S.  Na8onal  Park  Service,  h<ps://irma.nps.gov/Stats    

Major  fires  

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 Slide  9                              

Why  is  New  Mexico  the  only  State  with  Lower  Visits  at  its  Biggest    

Parks?  

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 Slide  10                              Routes  to  Carlsbad  Caverns  –  Pre  &  Post-­‐

Interstate:    US  180  vs.  I-­‐20  

h<p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_180    “US  180  was  replaced  in  Texas  by  Interstates  20  and  Interstate  10”  

h<p://www.texasfreeway.com/statewide/statewide/roadmaps/statewide_road_maps.shtml      1976:  Interstate  20  is  nearly  complete.  Large  gaps  remain  in  Interstate  10  h<p://www.dfwfreeways.info/pages/oldroadmaps.aspx  A  substan8al  amount  of  work  remained  to  be  done  on  I-­‐10  in  west  Texas.  Work  con8nued  in  the  1970s  and  into  the  1980s,  with  comple8on  of  the  final  link  at  Fort  Stockton  in  May  1983  

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 Slide  11                              

0  

100,000  

200,000  

300,000  

400,000  

500,000  

600,000  

700,000  

800,000  

900,000  

1950   1955   1960   1965   1970   1975   1980   1985   1990   1995   2000   2005   2010  

Source:  U.S.  Na8onal  Park  Service,  h<ps://irma.nps.gov/Stats    

I-­‐20  completed  1980,  I-­‐10  1983  

Carlsbad  Caverns  Interstate  Effect?  (visits  1950  through  2011)  

Proximity  to  nearest  Interstate:  Miles   Minutes  

Grand  Canyon   57   71  Rocky  Mtn   40   60  Zion   35   55  Carlsbad  Caverns     101   110  

Page 12: A!Case!Study!in!Tourism!Development:! Naonal!Park!Visitaon ... · Slide7 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

 Slide  12                              

Arizona  Interstate  Effect?  (visits  to  top  three  Arizona  NPS  parks*    –  1950  through  2011)  

Source:  U.S.  Na8onal  Park  Service,  h<ps://irma.nps.gov/Stats    

0  

500,000  

1,000,000  

1,500,000  

2,000,000  

2,500,000  

3,000,000  

3,500,000  

4,000,000  

4,500,000  

5,000,000  

1950   1955   1960   1965   1970   1975   1980   1985   1990   1995   2000   2005   2010  

Canyon  de  Chelly  

Grand  Canyon  

Saguaro  1984,  I-­‐40  completed    

*Top  3  in  2011  

Proximity  to  nearest  Interstate:  Miles   Minutes  

Canyon  de  Chelly   77   105  Grand  Canyon   57   71  Saguaro   6   15  

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 Slide  13                              

0  

500,000  

1,000,000  

1,500,000  

2,000,000  

2,500,000  

3,000,000  

1950   1955   1960   1965   1970   1975   1980   1985   1990   1995   2000   2005   2010  

Arches  

Zion  

Bryce  Canyon  

Utah  Interstate  Effect?  (Visits  to  top  three  Utah  NPS  parks*    –  1950  through  2011)  

Source:  U.S.  Na8onal  Park  Service,  h<ps://irma.nps.gov/Stats    

1978,  I-­‐15  completed  1982,  I-­‐70  completed    

*Top  3  in  2011  

Proximity  to  nearest  Interstate:  Miles   Minutes  

Arches  NP   28   30  Zion  NP   35   55  Bryce  Canyon  NP   55   70  

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 Slide  14                              

Plus,  a  Las  Vegas  Effect?  (visits  to  Las  Vegas  –  1970  through  2011)  

6,787,650  

38,928,708  

0  

5,000,000  

10,000,000  

15,000,000  

20,000,000  

25,000,000  

30,000,000  

35,000,000  

40,000,000  

45,000,000  

1970   1975   1980   1985   1990   1995   2000   2005   2010  

Source:  Las  Vegas  Conven8on  and  Visitors  Authority  

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 Slide  15                              

Zion  &  Las  Vegas  Visitor  Growth  (1970  through  2011)  

Sources  for  chart:  Las  Vegas  Conven8on  and  Visitors  Authority  &  NPS  

574%  

313%  

0%  

100%  

200%  

300%  

400%  

500%  

600%  

1970   1975   1980   1985   1990   1995   2000   2005   2010  

Las  Vegas   Zion  NP  

“At  Zion,  traffic  conges8on  in  the  narrow  canyon  was  recognized  as  a  major  problem  in  the  1990s  and  a  public  transporta8on  system  using  propane-­‐powered  shu<le  buses  was  ins8tuted  in  the  year  2000”*  

*  h<p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zion_Na8onal_Park    

In  a  2006  Zion  NPS  survey,  Las  Vegas  was  the  #1  place  visitors  stayed  overnight  before  and  aTer  leaving  the  park**  

**Zion  Na8onal  Park  Visitor  Study  Summer  and  Fall  2006,  University  of  Idaho  Park  Studies  Unit,  Visitor  Services  Project,  Report  183  

Miles   Minutes  Las  Vegas  to  Zion   164   170  

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 Slide  16                              

The  Grand  Canyon  &  Las  Vegas    

*Grand  Canyon  Na8onal  Park  &  Northern  Arizona  Tourism  Study,  Final  Report  565,  May  2005,  Arizona  Department  of  Transporta8on  

•  Las  Vegas  is  the  #1  community  visited  in  conjunc8on  with  Grand  Canyon  Na8onal  Park  for  travelers  on  I-­‐40  and  US  89  (p.  5)  

 •  Almost  as  many  Grand  Canyon  visitors  flew  into  Las  Vegas  as  Phoenix  (37.5%  vs.  44.3%)  (p.  3)  

 •  …Las  Vegas  is  a  major  feeder  market  for  the  Grand  Canyon  (p.  4)    

Findings  from  a  2005  study*:  

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 Slide  17                              

Conclusions  

•  Rerou8ng  traffic  to  the  Interstates  from  US  180  and  US  70  hurt  Carlsbad  Caverns  in  par8cular,  and  White  Sands  to  a  smaller  degree  (WS  is  closer  to  major  routes).    Bandalier?  

•  New  Mexico  park  visita8on  has  suffered  because  its  largest  parks  declined.  Although  the  smaller  parks  have  grown,  their  visita8on  numbers  are  too  small  to  change  that  trajectory.  

•  Overall,  Interstates  have  greatly  improved  access  to  most  Utah  parks  –  and  visita8on  has  grown.    The  impact  on  Colorado  appears  to  be  mostly  neutral.  

•  The  combined  effect  of  Interstate  development  and  spill  over  from  Las  Vegas  led  to  major  boosts  in  visits  to  Zion  and  the  Grand  Canyon.    (Grand  Canyon  NP  now  makes  up  51%  of  all  visits  to  Arizona’s  19  NPS  proper8es  (it  was  40%  in  1979)  

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 Slide  18                              

So  if  your  des8na8on  is  not  near  an  Interstate  or  big  tourist  a<rac8on,  are  you  doomed?  

NO!  

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 Slide  19                              The  Case  of  Big  Bend:  

Proximity  to  nearest  Interstate*:  Miles   Minutes  

Guadalupe  NP   64   98  Big  Bend  NP   125   133  

Carlsbad  Caverns  NP   101   110  

*Guadalupe  -­‐  from  Van  Horn,  Tx    I-­‐10      Big  Bend  -­‐  from  Ft.  Stockton,  Tx    I-­‐10  to  US  385  Park  Route  12  junc8on      Carlsbad  Caverns  –  from  Pecos,  Tx  I-­‐10  

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 Slide  20  

Carlsbad  Caverns  and  West  Texas  Park  Visits:    1979-­‐2011  

Source:  U.S.  Na8onal  Park  Service,  h<ps://irma.nps.gov/Stats    

0  

100,000  

200,000  

300,000  

400,000  

500,000  

600,000  

700,000  

800,000  

900,000  

Guadalupe  NP   Big  Bend  NP   Carlsbad  Caverns  NP  

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 Slide  21                              What’s  Happening  at  Big  Bend?  

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 Slide  22                              

Brewster  County  Sites:  

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 Slide  23                              

•  Promo%onal  Synergies:  the  Big  Bend  region  is  promoted  at  the  County  level  (visitbigbend.com),  by  the  State  (Texas  State  parks),  at  the  Federal  level  (Big  Bend  Na8onal  Park),  and  by  Non-­‐profits  such  as  the  “Friends  of  Big  Bend  Na8onal  Park”  (bigbendfriends.org)  &  the  Chili  Apprecia8on  Socie8es  (www.chili.org).    

How  Big  Bend  Became  a  Des8na8on  

•  Product  Development:    Events  have  been  created  and  promoted  by  non-­‐profits  (such  as  the  Big  Bend  Ultra  Run  bigbend50.com  (10k  to  50k  runs),  the  Terlingua  Interna8onal  Chili  Championships,  and  the  Marathon  to  Marathon  run).  These  types  of  events  draw  rela8vely  affluent  visitors.    More  businesses  and  homes  have  been  built  as  the  area  develops.  

•  Product  Development  II:  Big  Bend  Ranch  State  Park  just  west  of  Big  Bend  Park  was  established  in  1988,  the  300,000  acre  promotes  all  sorts  of  outdoor  recrea8on  and  has  become  another  a<rac8on  for  the  area.  

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 Slide  24                              Takeaways  

•  A  nearby  visitor  magnet  does  wonders.  (Las  Vegas  as  a  major  feeder  to  Zion  and  the  Grand  Canyon).    Are  there  poten8al  visitor  magnets  on  the  horizon  for  New  Mexico?    

•  Think  regionally,  not  locally,  partner  with  other  en%%es  to  create  a  des%na%on  for  visitors.    As  broad  a  range  of  things  to  see  and  do  as  possible.  

•  Product  development  is  at  least  as  important  as  promo%on.    Adver8sing  is  not  sufficient  if  product  isn’t  there.  

•  Local,  grass  roots  organiza%ons  can  be  key  to  successful  tourism  development.  Non-­‐profit  “Friends  of…”  type  groups  can  be  key  players  in  developing  product  and  promo8ng  a<rac8ons  (Friends  of  Big  Bend  NP,  Friends  of  the  Bosque).      

•  Create  your  own  unique  events  such  as  compe%%ve  spor%ng  events  to  aDract  both  publicity  and  high-­‐end  visitors.    (Big  Bend  Ultra  Run  and  Marathon  to  Marathon.  Hawaii  is  a  mecca  for  extreme  sports  –  Ultraman,  Iron  man,  etc.)  

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Appendix  

Interstate  Comple+on  Dates:      NM:    I-­‐40  1981        I-­‐25  1980      AZ:  I-­‐40  1984      CO:  I-­‐25  1968  

 I-­‐70  1992  (Glenwood  Canyon)      TX:      I-­‐10  1983              I-­‐20  1980?  (nearly  complete  in  

       1976)  

   UT:    I-­‐70    1982  (4  lanes)  

 I-­‐15  1974  “reasonably  intact”      probably  late  1970’s  

Arizona   Colorado  Grand  Canyon  NP   Rocky  Mountain  NP  Canyon  de  Chelly  NM   Mesa  Verde  NP  Petrified  Forest  NP   Colorado  NM  Saguaro  NP   Great  Sand  Dunes  Montezuma  Castle  NM   Black  Canyon  of  the  Gunnison  Wupatki  NM   Dinosaur  NM  Organ  Pipe  Cactus  NM   Florissant  Fossil  Beds  NM  Sunset  Crater  Volcano  NM   Bent's  Old  Fort  NHS  Coronado  NMEM   Hovenweep  NM  Walnut  Canyon  NM   Sand  Creek  Massacre  NHS  Tuzigoot  NM  Hubbell  Trading  Post  NHS  Navajo  NM  Casa  Grande  Ruins  NM  Pipe  Spring  NM  Tonto  NM  Chiricahua  NM  Tumacacori  NHP  Fort  Bowie  NHS  

New  Mexico   Utah  White  Sands  NM   Zion  NP  Carlsbad  Caverns  NP   Bryce  Canyon  NP  Bandelier  NM   Arches  NP  Petroglyph  NM   Capitol  Reef  NP  El  Malpais  NM   Cedar  Breaks  NM  El  Morro  NM   Canyonlands  NP  Capulin  Volcano  NM   Timpanogos  Cave  NM  Pecos  NHP   Rainbow  Bridge  NM  Aztec  Ruins  NM   Natural  Bridges  NM  Chaco  Culture  NHP   Dinosaur  NM  Salinas  Pueblo  Missions  NM   Golden  Spike  NHS  Gila  Cliff  Dwellings  NM   Hovenweep  NM  Fort  Union  NM  

Na8onal  Parks  included  in  this  analysis: