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C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 1

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Cheol Ho Pyeon

Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Japan

Accelerator-Driven System (ADS) Study inKyoto University Research Reactor Institute

(KURRI)



Contents

Background and Purpose

Composition of ADS in Kyoto Univ. (KUCA + 100 MeV protons) Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerator

ADS experiments with 100 MeV protons Injection of high-energy protons into 235U- and 232Th-loaded cores

235U-loaded: C. H. Pyeon et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 46, 1091 (2009).J. Y. Lim et al., Sci. Technol. Nucl. Install., 2012, 395878, 9 pages, (2012).C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Eng. Technol., 45, 81 (2013). Y. Takahashi et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 54, 162 (2013). T. Yagi et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot., 72, 11 (2013).

232Th-loaded: C. H. Pyeon et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 38, 2298 (2011).C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng., (2014). [in print]

Forthcoming ADS experiments with 100 MeV protons Uncertainties of x-sec data of Pb, Bi and Pb-Bi (critical state) Mockup ADS experiments with the use of 235U-loaded and Pb-Bi-zoned core MA nuclear transmutation in ADS: 237Np capture and 241Am fission Conversion analyses: 232Th capture and 233U fission

Summary



ADS Research and Development (since the end of 1990’s)for producing energy and transmuting minor actinides (MA) and long-lived fission products (LLFP)

World’s first injection of 100 MeV protons onto tungsten (W) target at KUCA on 4th Mar. 2009C. H. Pyeon et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 46, 1091 (2009).C. H. Pyeon et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 47, 1090 (2010).

232Th-loaded ADS experiments with 100 MeV protons on 3rd Mar. 2010C. H. Pyeon et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 38, 2298 (2011).

Successive 235U- and 232Th-loaded ADS experiments with100 MeV protons on 2011, 2012 and 2013J. Y. Lim et al., Sci. Technol. Nucl. Install., 2012, 395878, 9 pages, (2012).C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Eng. Technol., 45, 81 (2013).Y. Takahashi et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 54, 162 (2013).T. Yagi et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot., 72, 11 (2013).C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng., (2014). [in print]

Background



Actual ADS plant 30 MW-beam, 800 MWth MA nucl. trans. of 10 LWR plants

Reactor Physics Exps. at KUCA

TEF of J-PARC in Japan Pb-Bi target exp. Reactor physics exp. (MA in kg order) R&D of basic and eng.

MYRRHA in Belgium ~2.4 MW-beam, 50~100 MWth Demonstration of ADS tech. Fuel irradiation

R&D of Reactor physics of MA fuelTarget materials

ADS tech. w/o MA fuel (Pb-Bi core, Accelerator, Operation experiences)Power

Prin

cipl

eD

emon

stra

tion

Conc

ept

①KUCA-FFAG: Reactor Physics Exp.

②ADS plant R&D of engineering feasibility

High-reliability of accelerator Control of subcriticality Removal system of heat decay

Road map of ADS for nuclear transmutation



KUCA A-core

100 MeV protonbeamline

FFAG accelerator

ADS composition in KUCA



Key parameters in ADS (Reactor physics)

Reactor core Neutron spectrum - Soft or Hard: Thermal or Fast Subcriticality - Near critical or Deep subcritical

External source Neutron spectrum - High-energy neutrons

(ex. 14 MeV neutrons vs. 100 MeV protons) Beam specification - Energy, Intensity, Beam spot,

Beam repetition rate, Beam width

Research objectives Investigate the neutronic characteristics and feasibility

of ADS, from the viewpoint of energy amplifier system and nuclear transmutation



2009/3/4 FFAG-KUCA ADS Experiment

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04

Time (sec)

Counts

/ch

run 1run 2run 3

Spallation neutrons from target

Delayed neutrons in core

Fig. Time series of neutrons

Neutron multiplication by spallation neutrons generated by protons

First injection of spallation neutrons

C. H. Pyeon et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 46, 1091 (2009).



232Th-loaded ADS Exp. (Energy amplifier system)

Void

Th

Void

Unit cell

Al

2.54

cm

25.4

cm

57.2

cm

下部

上部

Experimental settings

W target

Thorium core

Upper

Lower

Fuel size: 5×5 Volume: 27.65×27.65×25.40 cm3

keff = 0.03250 (MCNPX with ENDF/B-VII.0) 232Th(n, f) threshold: 2.0 MeV 115In(n, n’)115mIn threshold: 0.35 MeV Protons: 100 MeV, 0.03 nA, 200 ns, 30 Hz Tungsten target (80 mm diam. and 10 mm thick)

C. H. Pyeon et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 38, 2298 (2011).

0 5 10 15 20 25

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Norm

alize

d Rea

ction

Rate

[A.U

.]

Distance from core surface [cm]

Th_Experiment Th_ENDF/B-VII Th_ENDF/B-VII-No fission

Fig. Comparison of measured and calculated reaction rates in 232Th-loaded core

ProtonsNeutrons



Static benchmarks on 232Th-ADS (for IAEA CW*)

Fig. Core configuration of 232Th-loaded cores

Fig. Th-PE cellsFig. Th-PE cells Fig. Th-Be cells

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

O

P

Q

R

T TP TP TP TP TP

U TP TP TP TP TP

V TP TP TP TP TP

W TP TP TP TP TP

X TP TP TP TP TP

Y

Z

In wire position

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

O

P

Q

R

T TB TB TB TB TB

U TB TB TB TB TB

V TB TB TB TB TB

W TB TB TB TB TB

X TB TB TB TB TB

Y

Z

In wire position

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

O

P

Q

R

T TH TH TH TH TH

U TH TH TH TH TH

V TH TH TH TH TH

W TH TH TH TH TH

X TH TH TH TH TH

Y

Z

In wire position

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

O

P

Q

R

T NP NP NP NP NP

U NP NP NP NP NP

V NP NP NP NP NP

W NP NP NP NP NP

X NP NP NP NP NP

Y

Z

In wire position

C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng., (2014). [in print]

Fig. Measured 115In (n, γ)116mIn reaction rates (100 MeV protons)

0 10 20 30 400

10.0

20.0

Distance from W target [cm]

Rea

ctio

n ra

tes

[1/s

/cm3 /s

ourc

e]

Th-PE

Th-Gr

Th-Be

Th-HEU-PE

NU-PE

Core region Polyethylene region

0 10 20 30 400

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Distance from T target [cm]

Rea

ctio

n ra

tes

[1/s

/cm3 /s

ourc

e]

Th-PE

Th-Gr

Th-Be

Th-HEU-PE

NU-PE

Core region Polyethylene region

Fig. Measured 115In (n, γ)116mIn reaction rates (14 MeV neutrons)

*: IAEA CW: “Thorium-ADS Benchmarks at KUCA,” IAEA Collaboration Work on ADS (2013).



Fig. Core configuration of 232Th-Poly. Cores(100 MeV protons)

Fig. Results in Th-HEU-PE with 100 MeV protons

Fig. Results in Th-HEU-PE with 14 MeV neutrons

Cal. Exp.

Core MCNPX 100 MeV Protons

14 MeV Neutrons

Th-HEU-PE 0.5876 0.7346 0.6577

Table Results in keff (3He #3; Area ratio method)

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10

K

J

I

H

G TH TH TH TH TH

E TH TH TH TH TH

D TH TH TH TH TH

B TH TH TH TH TH

A TH TH TH TH TH

A'

In wire position

3He #1

3He #23He #3

3He #4

0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.0110-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

Time [s]

Cou

nt [c

ps]

He-3 #1

He-3 #2

He-3 #3

He-3 #4

βeff = 8.491E-03; SRAC-CITATION 107-G, 3-Dα = 5065 ± 28 (100 MeV Protons)

5288 ± 13 (14 MeV Neutrons)

0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.0110-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

Time [s]

Cou

nt [c

ps]

He-3 #1

He-3 #2

He-3 #3

Kinetic benchmarks on 232Th-ADS (for IAEA CW)

C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng., (2014). [in print]



Collaboration with JAEA (Pb-Bi x-sec.)

Motivation Discrepancy between JENDL-3.3 and JENDL-4.0 of Pb-Bi x-sec.

through numerical simulations of JAEA ADS model (Pb-Bi coolant model) Experiments at KUCA (critical state) Sample worth (reactivity) of Pb and Pb-Bi plates in the critical state

Forthcoming experiments (Successive investigation) Sample worth of Pb, Bi and Pb-Bi plates in the critical state (finished in Pb and Pb-Bi)

Table Sample reactivity (C/E value) of Pb plates (unit: pcm)

Reactivity (pcm) JENDL-3.3 JENDL-4.0 ENDF/B-VII.0

89 1.62±0.14 1.17±0.11 1.05±0.11

105 1.57±0.11 1.09±0.09 0.97±0.09

140 1.52±0.08 1.04±0.07 1.02±0.06

151 1.66±0.08 1.17±0.07 1.13±0.07



MA conversion analyses (237Np and 241Am)

235U-loaded and Pb-Bi-zoned core Back-To-Back Type Fission Chamber

(BTB fission chamber) Electrodeposited samplesTest sample: 237Np or 241Am,

Reference sample: 235U or 238U Loaded in a void element at core centerSimultaneous irradiation of test &

reference samples ADS experiments with the variation of

subcriticality and neutron spectrum in the core, and external neutron source

Another forthcoming ADS experiment 232Th-loaded ADS experiments Conversion analyses of

232Th capture and 233U fission reactions

Fig. BTB fission chamber

Fig. U-loaded and Pb-Bi-zoned core

Fig. Neutron spectrum in Pb-Bi zone



Summary

ADS project (Kart & Lab. project) in Kyoto Univ. Basic study on nuclear transmutation by ADS with high-energy protons

Injection of 100 MeV protons into the reactor core 235U-loaded ADS exp. with 100 MeV protons (World’s first injection) 232Th-loaded ADS exp. with 100 MeV protons Static experiments: 232Th fission reactions by MCNPX with ENDF/B-VII.0 Kinetic experiments: subcriticality and prompt decay constants Comparative study on neutron spectrum and external neutron source

235U-loaded ADS exp. with 100 MeV protons (No slide) Study on two-layer and Pb-Bi target at the target and in the core

Forthcoming ADS experiments with 100 MeV protons Uncertainties of Bi x-sec. (critical state) Conversion analyses of 237Np/241Am in 235U-loaded and Pb-Bi zoned core Another conversion analyses using 232Th/233U

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