Acid Base Chemistry

The Electrolyte familyAcid

BaseSalt

(Water)

Electrolytes conduct electricity

Properties of Acids

Conduct electricity Sour taste

Cause indicatorsto change color

Properties of Acids

React with bases to form salt and water

React with metalsto form hydrogen gasand a salt

H2

pH < 7

NaCl

Properties of Bases

Conduct electricity Bitter taste

Cause indicatorsto change color

Properties of Bases

React with acids to form salt and water

Have a slippery orsoapy feel

pH > 7

Properties of Salts

• Ionic compounds (metal + nonmetal) or polyatomic ions (Table E)

• Aqueous solutions conduct electricity

• Molten phase conducts electricity

• Solid phase does NOT conduct

Arrhenius Acid

DEFINITION:

A substance whose water solution contains hydrogen ion H+ as the only positive ion in the solution

HCl H+ + Cl-

What is going on?

Recall that a H atom has only one proton and one electron.

Therefore……

H+ is really just a proton

What is going on?

What will happen to the H+ in water H20? (remember, water is polar…)

Hydronium Ion H3O+

In an acid solution, there are no free H+ ions. They all attach to the H2O molecules to make H3O+

Hydronium Ion

So an Arrhenius acid really forms like this….

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-

Table K: Acids

HCl hydrochloric monoprotic

HNO3 nitric

H2SO4 sulfuric diprotic

H3PO4 phosphoric triprotic

H2CO3 carbonic

HC2H3O2 acetic

Ways to write an acid

HCl (aq)

H+ + Cl-

H3O+ + Cl-

Arrhenius Base

DEFINITION:

A substance whose water solution contains hydroxide ion (OH)- as the only negative ion in the solution

NaOH (aq) Na+ + (OH)-

Table L Bases

NaOH sodium hydroxide mono hydroxic

KOH potassium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide di hydroxic

NH3(aq) aqueous ammonia

(NH3 + H2O NH4OH(aq))

Water can be both an acid and a base!!

H2O H+ + (OH)-

Strong acids

All (100%) of the H ionize to H+

HCL, H2SO4, HNO3 are all strong acids

Strong Bases

All (100%) of the OH ionize to (OH)-

NaOH and KOH are strong bases

WEAK acids and bases

Not all the hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions come off (ionize) in solution

Carbonic acid and Phosphoric acids are weak