advanced writing rules. you should already know 1.where commas belong

Advanced Writing Rules

You Should Already Know


1. Where Commas Belong



a. In a list

John, Mary, and Sherlock went to Baker Street.



a. In a list


b. Separating extra information

Before school started, I ate breakfast at home.



a. In a list


b. Separating extra information

Before school started, I ate breakfast at home.

c. Joining two sentences

I love ice cream, but she loves cake.

You Should Also Know


2. Parts of Speech


2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns


2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns

dog water

cats absence

houses basis

establishment creation

haecceity fortitude


2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns

b. Verbs


2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns

b. Verbs

walk frighten think

talked stirring to cry

bought to change staying

to believe written avoid


2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns

b. Verbs

c. Adjectives


2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns

b. Verbs

c. Adjectives

blue strange expensive

cold injured creepy

hot forgotten crying


2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns

b. Verbs

c. Adjectives

d. Adverbs


2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns

b. Verbs

c. Adjectives

d. Adverbs

very frighteningly too never

so triumphantly quietly not


2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns e. Pronouns

b. Verbs

c. Adjectives

d. Adverbs


2. Parts of Speech


b. Verbs I We My

c. Adjectives Our Your You

d. Adverbs He She It

His Its Hers

Their Theirs


2. Parts of Speech


b. Verbs f. Prepositions

c. Adjectives

d. Adverbs


2. Parts of Speech



c. Adjectives of by near

d. Adverbs far from under

since before


2. Parts of Speech



c. Adjectives g. Articles

d. Adverbs


2. Parts of Speech




d. Adverbs a an the


2. Parts of Speech




d. Adverbs h. Conjunctions


2. Parts of Speech




d. Adverbs h. Conjunctions

for and nor but or yet so

because when while although

One More Thing You Should Know


3. What a Sentence is



I love ice cream because it is delicious.



N V N conj. pro V Adj.






I know that TEST





I know that TEST

I know that I love ice cream.





I know that TEST


I know that it is delicious.





I know that TEST


I know that because it is delicious...?

Now That THAT’s Over

Now That THAT’s Over

Time for Advanced Writing Rules

What You Will Learn

What You Will Learn

1. Participles

What You Will Learn

1. Participles

2. Participial Phrases

What You Will Learn

1. Participles


3. Active Voice

What You Will Learn

1. Participles


3. Active Voice

4. Passive Voice

What You Will Learn

1. Participles


3. Active Voice

4. Passive Voice

5. Relative Pronouns

What You Will Learn

1. Participles


3. Active Voice

4. Passive Voice

5. Relative Pronouns and Clauses

1. Participles

1. Participles

All verbs have participles.

1. Participles

All verbs have participles.

They come in two forms:

Present and Past

1. Participles

Present Participles are easy to remember.

1. Participles

Present Participles are easy to remember.

They always end with –ing.

1. Participles

walking, playing, running, studying, writing

1. Participles

Past Participles aren’t as easy.

1. Participles

They can be regular or irregular.

1. Participles

If the verb is regular,

it will most likely end with –ed

1. Participles

Everyday, I walk.

1. Participles

Everyday, I walk. Present

1. Participles


Yesterday, I walked.

1. Participles


Yesterday, I walked. Past

1. Participles



The day before, I had walked.

1. Participles



The day before, I had walked. Past Participle

1. Participles

If the verb is irregular,

it will look something like this:

1. Participles

Everyday, I fly.

1. Participles

Everyday, I fly. Present

1. Participles


Yesterday, I flew.

1. Participles


Yesterday, I flew. Past

1. Participles



The day before, I had flown.

1. Participles



The day before, I had flown. Past Participle

1. Participles

Participles are used for a number of things:

1. Participles

Participles are used for a number of things:

1. As adjectives

2. In the Perfect form

3. In the Progressive form

1. Participles

1. As adjectives

1. Participles

1. As adjectives

tempered steel, flavored ice cream, iced tea,

spoken word, shrunken head,

She is driven.

1. Participles

1. As adjectives (Past)

tempered steel, flavored ice cream, iced tea,

spoken word, shrunken head,

She is driven.

1. Participles

1. As adjectives

crying baby, sleeping sickness,

running team, flying squirrel

1. Participles

1. As adjectives (Present)

crying baby, sleeping sickness,

running team, flying squirrel

1. Participles


1. Participles


I have driven. She has wanted. They have been.

I had tried. She had seen. We had agreed.

1. Participles

2. In the Perfect form (ALL Past)

I have driven. She has wanted. They have been.

I had tried. She had seen. We had agreed.

1. Participles


1. Participles


I am reading. She is leaving. We are studying.

I was trying. She was hoping. We were planning.

1. Participles

3. In the Progressive form (ALL Present)

I am reading. She is leaving. We are studying.

I was trying. She was hoping. We were planning.


We start with a participle.



The Present participle implies that the action is happening at the same time.



The Past participle implies that the action is being done to the subject.


Forgetting his keys inside, Jim locked the door to his house.



Forgotten by its people, the legend faded into the pages of history.


Present




Present


Past



Present

Forgetting his keys inside, Jim locked the door to his house. This is happening at the same time.

Past



Present

Forgetting his keys inside, Jim locked the door to his house. This is happening at the same time.

Past

Forgotten by its people, the legend faded into the pages of history. This is happening to the subject.

3. Active Voice

3. Active Voice

The Active Voice is found in most sentences.

3. Active Voice

Yesterday, Sarah read a novel.

3. Active Voice


In this sentence, we have a subject (S), a verb (V), and an object (O).

3. Active Voice

Adv. S V O


In this sentence, we have a subject (S), a verb (V), and an object (O).

4. Passive Voice

4. Passive Voice

The Passive Voice is different from the Active Voice in a number of ways.

4. Passive Voice

Here is the sentence from earlier.

4. Passive Voice



4. Passive Voice



We will change it to the Passive.

4. Passive Voice


An Active sentence is in SVO order.

4. Passive Voice

Adv. S V O



4. Passive Voice

Adv. S V O



A Passive sentence is in OVS order.

4. Passive Voice

Adv. O V S

Yesterday, a novel read Sarah.


A Passive sentence is in OVS order.

4. Passive Voice

Adv. O V S


But this doesn’t mean the same thing as before.

4. Passive Voice

Adv. O V S



So we change the verb:

4. Passive Voice

Adv. O V S

Yesterday, a novel was read Sarah.



4. Passive Voice

Adv. O V S

Yesterday, a novel was read Sarah.



And we add a preposition:

4. Passive Voice

Adv. O V S

Yesterday, a novel was read by Sarah.



And we add a preposition:


1. Who

2. Whom

3. Which

4. Whoever

5. Whomever

6. That


1. Who


1. Who is a Subject Pronoun!


1. Who is a Subject Pronoun and refers to a previous noun


1. Who

Can be used for singular nouns


1. Who


A student who reads is a good student, indeed.


1. Who



…or plural nouns


1. Who



…or plural nouns

Students who read are good students, indeed.


2. Whom


2. Whom is an Object pronoun and refers to a previous noun.


2. Whom



2. Whom


The professor, whom I respect, retires next year.


2. Whom



…or plural nouns


2. Whom



…or plural nouns

Professors, whom I respect, rarely retire.


3. Which


3. Which is used for inanimate nouns.


3. Which is used for inanimate nouns and refers to previous nouns.


3. Which is used for inanimate nouns and refers to previous nouns.


The tree, which I planted last year, has no leaves.


4. Whoever


4. Whoever is like Who


4. Whoever is like Who, but…



Whoever does NOT refer to a previous noun.




Whoever washes the dishes gets ice cream.




Whoever washes the dishes gets ice cream.

Whoever is always singular.


5. Whomever


5. Whomever is like Whom


5. Whomever is like Whom, but…



Whomever does NOT refer to a previous noun.



Whomever does NOT refer to a previous noun.

Whomever I told to wash dishes had better do it soon.


6. That


6. That is like Who, Whom, and Which


6. That is like Who, Whom, and Which, but…



That is “restrictive.”




The tree that I planted last year has no leaves.




This means there is only one tree.





This means there is only one tree.


This means there are several trees (but I’m talking about a specific one).

advanced writing rules. you should already know 1.where commas belong

Documents

parts of speech slide

believewrittenavoid

triumphantlyquietlynot

adverbsaanthe slide

test slide

ice cream

list john

baker street