Affordable Housing and K-12 Student Racial

Diversity

Alison Denton, Ed.D.Arlington Public Schools

Leckey Forum: Bricks and BooksOctober 14, 2011

Housing & School Demographics

Relationship is intertwined

Creation of new housing and/or redevelopment of old housing stock has impact on enrollment of public school systemNumber of studentsDiversity of students

Facilities PlanningEnrollment projectionsBoundariesCapacity issues

Total PreK-12 and K-12 Enrollment(September 30th), 1990 - 2010

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

22000

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

To

tal K

-12

Po

pu

lati

on

K-12 Enrollment

PreK-12 Enrollment

3

4Summary of K-12 Civil Rights Statistics

Fall 1979 to 2010Arlington Public Schools

9.4 11.7 14.3 14.8 14.9 14.3 14.5 13.8 13.1 12.2 11.3 10.6 10.5 10.3 9.9 9.6 9.8 9.8 10.1 9.8 10.1 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.3 10.2 10.3 10.9 10.8 10.7 11.1 9.7

16.016.0

15.5 15.7 15.9 16.2 16.2 15.8 16.4 16.6 16.5 17.3 17.4 17.4 17.7 17.8 17.5 17.2 17.2 16.7 15.7 14.9 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.4 14.1 13.8 13.5 12.9 12.711.3

6.57.1

8.2 9.7 11.1 13.2 14.7 17.2 18.4 19.7 22.0 23.4 25.0 27.1 28.1 29.8 30.2 30.8 31.2 32.4 32.4 33.2 33.9 33.9 32.3 30.9 29.0 27.2 26.4 26.7 26.3 28.2

68.065.1

61.9 59.7 58.0 56.2 54.5 53.1 52.0 51.4 50.1 48.6 47.1 45.1 44.2 42.7 42.3 42.1 41.4 41.1 41.6 41.5 41.8 41.7 42.7 44.0 45.8 47.0 47.9 48.1 48.4 45.7

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

Asian Black Hispanic White

Garden Apartments

5

Students by Housing Type 2010-11

6

7

Number of Students Per 100 Units (by Housing Type), 2010-11

05

101520253035404550

SingleFamily

Detached

Apartment- Garden

Apartment- Elevator

Duplex Condo -Garden

Condo -Elevator

Townhouse CountyAverage

APS Racial Demographics by Housing Type (2010-11)

Garden Apartments

Asian: 13%

Black: 22%

Hispanic: 58%

White: 5%

Multiple/Other: 2%

Total Non-White: 95%

Single Family Detached

Asian: 6%

Black: 5%

Hispanic: 15%

White: 68%

Multiple/Other: 6%

Total Non-White: 32%

Research Questions

9

Summary of the Study

Investigated the impact of garden apartment redevelopment on K-12 student racial diversity

GIS (geographic information systems) analysis (2004 to 2008)

Redevelopment of garden apartments County-wide Case study

Relationship with changing student enrollment

Survey of 93 “stakeholders” Residents of Garden Apartments Housing Advocates School and County Staff

10

Part One – Geographic Information Systems (GIS) AnalysisWhat is the impact of the redevelopment of

garden apartments (through renovation, conversion, or demolition) on student enrollment and racial diversity in the study area?

Gathered relevant data sets142 Block Groups from US Census2004 and 2008 student enrollment data2004 and 2008 parcel information from County

Calculations (2004, 2008, Δ)Garden Apt Parcel Area per Block GroupTotal StudentsTotal White and Non-White Students

11

12

Block Group Analysis Findings(2004 to 2008)

BG that reduced Garden Apt parcels

Total Students: -715

Non-White Students: -852

White Students: +100

No change in Garden Apt parcels

Total Students: +1179

Non-White Students: -6

White Students: +952

Case Studies – Reduced Students1. Conversion of Garden Apartment to Condominium

Reduced total students by 53% (256 students) 94% of students were non-White

2. Renovation of Garden Apartment by for-profit developer

435 unit apartment complex Building improvements led to increased rent of

$500+/month Largest reduction in non-White students (-339)

3. Demolition of Garden Apartment Replaced with high-prices condos Total students decreased 7, non-White 9

14

Case Study – Increased Students

4. Renovation of Garden Apts by non-profit developer

465 rental unit complex renovated in 5 phases Families relocated onsite during construction Partnership with County govt – financial package 75% of units preserved as long-term affordable Increase of 54 students, 51 were non-White

15

Summary of GIS Findings

Countywide AnalysisReduction of students when Garden Apt

parcels are reduced Total Students Non-White Students

Case StudiesFour types of redevelopmentAffordable housing development can increase

students

16

Part Two – Surveys

Participants Recruited 93 participants in 3 groups:

Residents of garden apartments (n = 39) Housing advocates (n = 25) County and School System staff (n = 29)

Procedures Online and hard copy 20 question survey Multiple choice, open-ended, Likert-scale questions Spanish and English

Data analysis to determine significant differences between survey groups and other demographic variables

17

Survey – Demographics

Mean age: 37

62% Female, 32% Male

Race Latino 47.3% White 46.2% Black 3.2% Interracial 2.2% Other 1.1%

Family Income Less than $25K/yr

38.0% $25-$50K/yr

18.5% $50-$100K/yr

15.2% Greater $100K/yr

28.3%

18

Perceptions – School Advocacy

Racial diversity should be a goal – 55%Housing Advocates 80%Staff 75%Residents 29%

Schools should pursue ways to maintain or increase diverse population – 65%Residents 77%

Support individual students of color otherwise displaced - 67%Residents 73%

19

Schools & Affordable Housing:Potential for Increased Partnership

Source of data to measure demographics Current state Impact of development

Voice for most vulnerable studentsRace, income, languageRedevelopment effects our poorest students

Advocates for thoughtful strategies to redevelop

Potential opportunities to create school/community space in new developments

20

Questions?

Alison Denton, Ed.D.alison.denton@apsva.us

703.228.7741

21