agricultural mechanization and sustainability

Visions on electric drive components for implements and trailers

29th Members’ Meeting of the Club of Bologna

Agricultural Mechanization and Sustainability10-11 November 2019

Hannover, Germany

Manfred Auer – [email protected]

29th Members’ Meeting of the Club of BolognaHannover, November 10-11, 2019

Tractor evolution for increased tractive force

Source: Köckerling

Source: John-Deere.com

Source: tractortube.com

Source: Claas.com

Source: mms-agriline.deSource: John-Deere.com

Technical development • Main development 2WD -> 4WD

• Power on demand / use entire tractor weight for traction• 4WD with same tire size

• Increased traction but front tires compact soil more• Rubber tracks

• Decreased soil compaction / expensive and increased weight


Tractor evolution reach its limit

Limiting factors to provide traction force• Technical/physical • Legal restrictions of tractor – implement combination• Agronomic limits (soil fertility decreases noticeably)

Next step implement traction assist• Using its weight / relieve the tractor

Source: traction-magazin.de

Source: traction-magazin.de

Source: Modified W. Söhne


Solutions for providing electric power

ZF Terra+Hydrostatic powersplit transmission with integrated electric generator module

ZF eTerramaticElectric powersplit transmission with functional integration of ePTO

Source: ZF 2008

Source: ZF 2019

Source: deere.comSource: Fendt.com

Electric generator btw. Engine and transmission

Electric generator mounted on front PTO

Source: agritechnica.com

John-Deere eAutoPowerElectric powersplit transmission with functional integration of ePTO


Electric Implement Traction drive

Properties• Feasibility given by electrified tractor (e.g. eCVT)• Increased flexibility and controllability – speed and torque control• System which is very flexible in its use

• Tractor boost can be utilized without overloading Tractor driveline• Tractor service weight can be kept low, no excessive ballasting, lower rolling resistance• Efficient electric system• Additional effort necessary to integrate electric power generator

in existing tractor architecture Interesting alternative – combines advantages of mechanical & hydrostatical drives

Electric vs. hydrostatic & mechanical


Electric Systems Architecture:Collaboration across company bordersTraction Management & Control • Tractor:

• Tractor/implement traction drive management• Engine power• 4WD clutch• Differential locks• …

Entire tractive performance of tractor & implement governed by tractor

Integration of electric traction drives• Requires collaboration btw. Companies:

• Definition of System Architecture• Specify requirements/interfaces• Design / Validation

Various implements need to match different tractors


Electric Implement Traction drive Market and Application Requirements:Application groups for electric traction drive• All types of trailers regardless of the size of tractor• Implements

• by heavy, pull-type primary and secondary tillage• With/ without combined seeders

• hitched to the tractor with little / no load to the tractor


Source: Zunhammer.com Source: Fliegl.com

Source: Amazone.com

Source: Amazone.com


Electric Implement Traction drive Market and Application Requirements:Key parameters for the development• Tractive force:

• Starting from Standstill or over a wide speed range (0-60 kph)

• Wheel and axle load:• Field and legal requirements• Changing in use based on duty cycle

• Effective rolling diameter• Rollers for soil tillage until large transport tires

• Vehicle and work speed• Speed range from 0 – 60 kph• Tractive force support from 0 – 20 kph

• Installation space• Most important requirement in existing implements• Implement space will maybe increase to exploit full electric traction drives potential

• System cost• Value analysis required of assemblies to ensure total costs are adhered to


Electric Implement Traction drive Solution Finding:Agricultural trailers• Electric axle drive

• Incl. optional transfer box for multi-axle drive • Extension with

• range gear shaft (field/road)• Inter-axle differential incl. diff. lock

Agricultural implements and spec. trailers• Electric wheel hub drives

• Compromise btw. • Mechanical effort (gear set)• Size of installed power (electric motor)

• Technical kit required


Source: Amazone.com

Source: Fliegl.com

eTDA(ZF - Electric central Drive)

eTDW(ZF - Electric wheel Drive)

PS1 = 142kWimech = 3,4noutput_max = 2.500 rpm

PS1 = 60kWimech = 35,8noutput_max = 210 rpmToutput_max = 16.500Nm


Electric Implement Traction drive Solution Finding:Technical kit• Different requirements customer/application based

Electric motor

Transmission ratio

traction force; load at wheel; max. working speed; max. transport speed; installation space; cooling

Brake (option)

Decoupling device

Customer requirementsTire size; max. speed E-Motor

Power; torque; speed

with / without actuation

mechanical interface for actuation

Free-wheel Shift- and controllable

Drum brake multi disc brake

Max. Traction wide velocity range

Low Power (48V)

Medium Power (HV)

High Power (HV)

No decoupling

Cooling

Disc brake


Application ProjectsCollaboration across company bordersElectric traction drive on plough wheelTechn. Data:

• Tire diameter: 0,9m; Load on tire: 1,8t• Theoretical pulling force with eTDW80: 12,2 kN @ 8kph (S1)

Partner: PÖTTINGER Landtechnik GmbHGoal:

• increase system traction and performance (ha/hour)• Development of drive strategy (software) in combination with

tractor drivelineFindings:

• Increased performance up to 33% (two additional blades due to increased system traction)

• Slippage & rolling resistance on tractor can be reduced due to less ballasting

• Boost power of tractor can be used during ploughing• Average electric power consumption: ~23 kW

Challenge: • Development of a “system drive strategy” that covers different

situations like starting ploughing, turning, transport.

Source: Pöttinger

Source: ZF


Application ProjectsCollaboration across company bordersElectric traction drive on a trailerTechn. Data:

• Tire diameter: 1,1m• Load on axle: max. 10t• theoretical pulling force (axle):

• 13,6 kN @ 5kph • 12,2 kN @ 20kph

Partners: Fliegl AgrartechnikGoal:

• Increase system traction in field• Downsizing of tractor (weight) to increase load capacity on trailer Increase of performance (tons/hour)

• Increase stability in slope condition and during cornering• Development of drive strategy (software) in combination with

tractor drivelineFindings:

• Increase of system performance and additional power possible without negative influence to the tractor driveline

• increase of safety due to automated electric braking by using transmission data (avoid coasting and jack-knifing)


Application ProjectsCollaboration across company bordersElectric traction drive on a slurry injectorTechn. Data:

• Diameter roller/drum: 0,6m• Load at roller/drum: 2,4t• theoretical pulling force with eTDW80: 17,3 kN @ 8kph (S1)

Partners: TU Dresden, TU München, Hugo Vogelsang GmbH

Goal:• Traction support for slurry tanker and injection implement• Higher efficiency: Strip-Till technology for fertilizer injection can

be utilized with a much larger working width• Tillage functionality in parallel to traction support• Find optimum for traction and tillage functionality

Findings:• High traction potential of a roller/drum (23kN pulling force)

Source: TU Dresden

Source: TU DresdenSource: TU Dresden

Source: TU Dresden


Summary:

Visions on electric drive components for implements and trailers• Use of electric power is in the future expected for

• the optimization and automation of work processes• Improving tractive performance of tractor/implement combinations

• Using the weight of implements for creating traction is seen as a logical next step

• Different solutions are under development to provide electrical power on the tractor

• Most favorable applications:• Agricultural trailers • Heavy primary and secondary tillage equipment

• Flexible portfolio/technical kit required for• Electric axle drives• Wheel hub drives

• Technical kit: modular structure for managing complexity & system costs

• Tractor, implement and component manufacturers need to work closely together Fully exploit the potentials of electric traction drive solutions


Thank you for your attention

Visit - ZF Friedrichshafen AGAgritechnicahall 15; booth D03

agricultural mechanization and sustainability

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