amanda's handout week 1

8/14/2019 Amanda's Handout Week 1

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Week 1 Handout A03: Amanda Rajapaksa

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OH: M 3-4@CLICS /by appt.

Earths evolution:

Earth formed ___________ years ago. During the first billion years, inorganic gases such as

____________________(4) were bombarded by UV radiation and heat. These gases combined

with the energy to form simple organic compounds such as _______________, ______________,_________ and ______________. After one billion years, the first _________________ appeared

on Earth; these life forms were _________________ and confined to aqueous environments

because of the sterilizing effects of UV radiation. After 200 million years, the first________________ appeared on Earth. These life forms were able to capture and use the energy

coming into Earth to create simple organic molecules as well as ____________, which was

released as a byproduct.

After about 2 billion years, the accumulation of this gas resulted in two major effects on the Earth.

The first development was that organisms were able to use this gas to produce ATP in asignificantly more efficient manner via _________________. Whereas anaerobic respiration

produced only ___ATP/glucose molecule, this new process produced ____ATP/glucose molecule.

The second effect of the accumulation of oxygen was the formation of _______________. This

UV filter allowed life to move beyond the lower ocean layers and formed as a result of thefollowing reaction: _________________________

Plant Cell:

The three most distinguishing features of a

plant cell are __________________,_______________, and ______________. The

plant cell wall is a porous material composed

mainly of ________________ microfibrils.

Primary cell walls are common to all plantcells and are composed of ______________, a

polysaccharide of 1-4 linked glucose

molecules, as well as hemi-cellulose, pectinsand proteins. Secondary cell walls contain

______________ and provide extra support to

specialized plant cells. Neighboring plant cellwalls are held together by the

____________________, which is made of polysaccharides called ___________.

___________________ are microscopic channels which join the cytoplasmic contents of adjoiningplant cells and allow for easier transport of ions and solutes between cells.
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The vacuole is a large storage organelle in plant cells bound by a selectively permeable membrane

known as the ____________________.

Name 3 roles of the vacuole in plant cells:

All plastids derive from proplastids and are characterized by having their own plastid DNA, a

double membrane and the ability to divide by fission. The most common of the plastids is the

chloroplast which contains _______________, and is used for the temporary storage of starches.Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, with the light reaction occurring ________________ and

the dark reaction occurring ____________________. Other important plastids include:

1. Chromoplasts which accumulates the two classes of carotenoid pigments:____________ and ________________.

2. Amyloplasts which accumulate a polymer of glucose known as _____________; theseplastids are commonly found in potato tubers, roots and seeds.

3. Elaioplasts which are commonly found in seeds and are storage organelles for________________.

DATE PERSON IMPORTANT EXPERIMENT /

OBSERVATIONS


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Pre-1600s Greeks Believed that plants derived from soil

1600

1771 Joseph Priestly

1780 restoration of burnt air required:1.

2.

1800 Demonstrated that equal volumes of CO2 andO2 were exchanged by plants during

photosynthesis

1882 Deduced the action spectrum of

photosynthesis using ______________ and

________________

1900s Studying _____________ bacteriaCO2 + H2S (CH2O) + S21940s: proved with use of _____________

The primary pigment of photosynthesis is _______________, and examples of accessory pigmentsinclude ________________ as well as the carotenoids.

Define absorption spectra:

Define action spectra:

Draw the action spectra for photosynthesis on the following graph:


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Name two major effects that the accumulation of oxygen had on the course of evolution:

Color Pigment Lipid

soluble?

Location in Plant

Cells

Reds/ Oranges/

Green

Blues/ Purples

Codeine, a substance that is found in opium and other poppy saps and used for its analgesic and

antidiarrheal properties, is an example of a secondary metabolite. Based on its structure (seebelow), which of the three broad classes of secondary metabolites would this compound fall into?

amanda's handout week 1

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