america becomes an imperial power 2016
TRANSCRIPT
Farmers & the Populist Farmers & the Populist MovementMovement
Farmers Unite to Address ProblemsFarmers Unite to Address ProblemsLate 1800 Economic ProblemsFalling pricesMortgaged farms / equipment buying on
creditIncrease in bank foreclosuresIncrease in railroad shipping charges
– Long haul v. Short haul
The Grange (The Patrons of Husbandry)The Grange (The Patrons of Husbandry)1867Social outlet for farmersEducational forumFight Railroads (high pricing / legislation)Established coops (cooperatives)
Farmers Farmers AllianceAlliance
Education of farmers (business & agriculture)
Southern Alliance – white farmersColored Farmers’ National Alliance – black
farmers
Populism Populism People’s Party (1892) Populist Party Convention
o Increase in $ supply increasing prices oGraduated income tax oFederal loan programoDirect election of U.S. SenatorsoTerm limits – President / Vice Presidento8 hour work dayoRestrictions on immigration
oAppealed to Farmers and Laborers
Panic of 1893Panic of 1893CausesFarm debtRailroads decreasing markets railroad
bankruptcyDecrease in government supply of gold from
buying silverEffectsPeople panicked stock market prices dropPrice of silver falls silver mines closeIncrease national bankruptcy less
investmentDecrease consumer spending, wages, prices
Effects of Retiring the GreenbacksEffects of Retiring the GreenbacksFarmers borrowed – Greenbacks not worth as
muchGreenbacks retired - $ left in circulation
worth moreFarmers had to pay back loans w/ crop prices
down less profitFarmers wanted more $ (silver) in circulation
to cause inflation (good for borrowers)
Gold BugsGold Bugs SilveritesSilverites
Who they were
Bankers and businessmen
Farmers and laborers
What they wanted
Gold standardLess $ in circulation
BimetallismMore $ in circulation
Why Loans would be repaid with stable $
Products would be sold at a higher $
Effects Deflation-Prices fall-value of $ increasesFewer people have $
Inflation-Prices rise-value of $ decreases-more people have $
Election of 1896Election of 1896RepublicansIndustrial EastGold Standard
“Gold Bugs”William McKinley
Democrats / Populists
South + WestBimetalism -
“Silverites”William Jennings
Bryan
Cross of Gold SpeechCross of Gold Speech
“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon
a cross of gold.”
Election of 1896Election of 1896Election ResultsMcKinley wins Industrial Midwest feared inflation
McKinley
Effects of PopulismEffects of Populism“Little guy” can organize and be
effective in electionsBegins reform movement that will
move into 20th Century
some slides by Ms. Susan M. Pojer
America was focusing on imperialism This is when bigger, stronger nations take over weaker nations or territories
Why would we want to do this?
MONEYMilitary strengthNew Markets for American goodsGlobal markets and competitionClosing of frontierThe US is the best… lets spread the goodness!
Says nations with a strong navy will lead the world
http://www.lejardinacademy.com/webb/images/Imerialism_Images/alfred-thayer-mahan1.jpg
““Seward’s Folly”: 1867Seward’s Folly”: 1867
““Seward’s Icebox”: 1867Seward’s Icebox”: 1867
Hawai’i was an independent kingdom
US businesses came to do business
The Dole Family was “in charge”James Dole – leads rebellion of
wealthy Americans
U. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of Hawaiians
1893 - Harrison sends Marines
1893- Provisional US Government set up
Queen Liliuokalani knew her reign was coming to an end
Surrendered to the powerful US troops
1894 – Cleveland opposes annexation, Dole declares Hawai’i independent
1898- Congress declared it a territory, McKinley approves annexation
McKinley
1993 – Apology – “The Congress apologizes to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the people of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 17, 1893... and the deprivation of the rights of Native Hawaiians to self-determination”
The Spanish American
War
Spain has lots of territoryCubaGuamPuerto RicoPhilippines
The US wants some islands too!Primarily Cuba
Why Cuba? What’s there?
•American business investments: sugar , tobacco, mining, railroads and public utilities
Cubans rebel (for 10 years)The US supports CubansRebellion was not successfulSpain eventually abolished slavery in Cuba
US invests millions into sugar cane plantations
Cubans not fond of the SpanishJose Marti
PoetJournalistActivistRevered by Cubans
“The Father or Apostle of Cuban Independence”
Marti leads a destructive rebellion“Cuba Libre”Destroys propertyAmerican plantations were first on the list
How did the US react? Split…Support SpainFree Cuba
•Headline Wars
▫““Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism” features stories that were exaggerated
▫Competition for readers (and money) by William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer
Write an example about…
Yellow JournalismHearst tells Remington“You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war”
Hearst Pulitzer
The DeLome LetterCuban Rebel gets a hold of a letter written by a Spanish minister to the US
Gives it to the newspapersCalled McKinley weak and a crowd pleaser
Effect of letter on relations between US Spain?
Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
Who is waiting?Why should we wait
for the “facts”?Why might the
United States want to go to war?
What positive effects or outcomes could come from a war with Spain?
Foxborough History Department39
Foxborough History Department 40http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_resources.html
Who is holding the knife?
Name the shipIs this an example
of Yellow Journalism?
1. Philippines Filipino rebels led
by Emilio Aguinaldo fought Spain
Spain was not expectingUS attacks on April 30
George Dewey in chargeHe gave order –
destroyed the Spanish fleet within hours
Filipinos supported the USThey were unhappy too
The wreck of the Spanish armed transport Cebu
http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-navy-reveals-dozens-rare-spanish-american-war-photographs-n100686
CUBA showed U.S.
was unprepared for war
5000 Americans die from disease & tainted meat400 in combat
attacked by Teddy Rooseveltleading the
Rough Riderscavalry formed in San Antonio
Rough RidersRough Riders
•Teddy Roosevelt led cavalry up San Juan Hill•Becomes famous!
http://www.mengerhotel.com/d/mengerhotel/media/Dining/__thumbs_1048_900_crop/Bar_2.jpg?1369030681
The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898
Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofisland ofGuam.Guam.The U. S. paid SpainThe U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for the$20 mil. for thePhilippines.Philippines.The U. S. becomesThe U. S. becomesan imperial power!an imperial power!
Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.
Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit,And work another's gain.
Take up the White Man's burden--The savage wars of peace--Fill full the mouth of FamineAnd bid the sickness cease;And when your goal is nearestThe end for others sought,Watch sloth and heathen FollyBring all your hopes to nought.
Take up the White Man's burden--No tawdry rule of kings,But toil of serf and sweeper--The tale of common things.The ports ye shall not enter,The roads ye shall not tread,Go mark them with your living,And mark them with your dead.
Take up the White Man's burden--And reap his old reward:The blame of those ye better,The hate of those ye guard--The cry of hosts ye humour(Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--"Why brought he us from bondage,Our loved Egyptian night?"
Take up the White Man's burden--Ye dare not stoop to less--Nor call too loud on FreedomTo cloke your weariness;By all ye cry or whisper,By all ye leave or do,The silent, sullen peoplesShall weigh your gods and you.
Take up the White Man's burden--Have done with childish days--The lightly proferred laurel,The easy, ungrudged praise.Comes now, to search your manhoodThrough all the thankless yearsCold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,The judgment of your peers!
http://www.fixcas.com/parody/poem/Burden.htm
https://wikiwillows2011.wikispaces.com/Imperialism
Teller Amendment Teller Amendment (1898)(1898)
Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment (1903) (1903)1.1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with
foreign powers that would endanger its foreign powers that would endanger its independence.independence.
2.2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.govt.
3.3. Cuba must lease Cuba must lease Guantanamo BayGuantanamo Bay to the U.S. for to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.naval and coaling station.
4.4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.
Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?
Senator Orville Platt
Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 18981900 - Foraker ActForaker Act..
§ PR became an “unincorporated PR became an “unincorporated territory.”territory.”
§ Citizens of PR, not of the US.Citizens of PR, not of the US.§ Import duties on PR goodsImport duties on PR goods
1901-1903 1901-1903 the the Insular CasesInsular Cases..§ Constitutional rights were not Constitutional rights were not
automatically extended to territorial automatically extended to territorial possessions.possessions.
§ Congress had the power to decide these Congress had the power to decide these rights.rights.
§ Import duties laid down by the Foraker Import duties laid down by the Foraker Act were legal!Act were legal!
Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 18981917 – 1917 – Jones ActJones Act..§ Gave full territorial status to PR.Gave full territorial status to PR.§ Removed tariff duties on PR goods Removed tariff duties on PR goods
coming into the US.coming into the US.§ PRs elected theirPRs elected their
own legislators &own legislators &governor to enforcegovernor to enforcelocal laws.local laws.
§ PRs could NOT votePRs could NOT votein US presidentialin US presidentialelections.elections.
§ A resident commissioner was sent to A resident commissioner was sent to Washington to vote for PR in the Washington to vote for PR in the House.House.
What do you think is the meaning of this cartoon?
US is afraid other countries will dominate trade with China
Policy says all countries should share access to China
U.S. will use force if necessary
China US
Germany
Britain
France
Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese
ImmigrantImmigrant
Oriental [Chinese]
Exclusion Act, 1887
Chinese Chinese Exclusion Exclusion ActAct1882 – Immigration
from China is ended
I left these shores, at Vancouver, a red-hot imperialist. I wanted the American eagle to go screaming into the Pacific. It seemed tiresome and tame for it to content itself with the Rockies.
Why not spread its wings over the Phillippines, I asked myself? And I thought it would be a real good thing to do.
I said to myself, here are a people who have suffered for three centuries. We can make them as free as ourselves, give them a government and country of their own, put a miniature of the American constitution afloat in the Pacific, start a brand new republic to take its place among the free nations of the world. It seemed to me a great task to which had addressed ourselves.
But I have thought some more, since then, and I have read carefully the treaty of Paris, and I have seen that we do not intend to free, but to subjugate the people of the Phillippines. We have gone there to conquer, not to redeem. . .
It should, it seems to me, be our pleasure and duty to make those people free, and let them deal with their own domestic questions in their own way. And so I am an anti-imperialist. I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land.
http://www.peacehost.net/WhiteStar/Voices/twain.html
America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower
Panama: The King’s Panama: The King’s CrownCrown1850 1850 Clayton-BulwerClayton-Bulwer
Treaty Treaty..1901 1901 Hay-Hay-PauncefortePaunceforte Treaty Treaty. . Philippe Bunau-Varilla,Philippe Bunau-Varilla,agent provocateur.agent provocateur.Dr. Walter Reed.Dr. Walter Reed.Colonel W. Goethals.Colonel W. Goethals.1903 1903 Hay-Bunau-Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty Varilla Treaty..
Panama CanalPanama Canal
TR in Panama(Construction
begins in 1904)
The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905the Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately elsewhere, ultimately require intervention require intervention by some civilized by some civilized nation, and in the nation, and in the Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere the adherence of the the adherence of the United States to the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may Monroe Doctrine may force the United force the United States, however States, however reluctantly, in flagrant reluctantly, in flagrant cases of suchcases of such wrongdoing or wrongdoing or impotence, to the impotence, to the exercise of an exercise of an international police international police powerpower .
Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!
SEGREGATION & DISCRIMINATIONSEGREGATION & DISCRIMINATIONAfter
Reconstruction, Southern States adopted system of legal discrimination
VOTING RESTRICTIONSVOTING RESTRICTIONS
Poll Tax
Literacy Tests – link
Grandfather Clause
JIM CROW LAWSJIM CROW LAWS
named after an old minstrel song
separate public and private facilities
PLESSY v. FERGUSONPLESSY v. FERGUSONPlessy arrested for
sitting in whites-only train car
Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal and did not violate the 14th Amendment
“Separate, But Equal”
DISCRIMINATION IN THE DISCRIMINATION IN THE NORTHNORTHMany blacks migrated to the North in
hopes of better jobs & equality
Still faced discrimination: low paying jobs and segregated neighborhoods