America becomes a world power: imperialism

Chapter 10 section 1

America becomes a world power

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS1. What factors led to the growth of imperialism around

the world?2. In what ways did the United States begin to expand

its interests abroad in the late 1800s?3. What arguments were made in favor of United States

expansion in the 1890s?

THE BIG IDEAIn the late 1800s, as European nations took over vast areas in Africa and Asia, American leaders looked to extend American influence abroad.

KEY TERMS:1. Imperialism2. Nationalism3. Annex4. Monroe Doctrine (1820s)5. Manifest Destiny6. Monroe Doctrine (1870)7. Banana Republics8. The Naval Act of 1890

KEY PEOPLE:1. Sec. of State William H. Seward2. Commodore Matthew C. Perry3. Minor C. Keith4. Captain Alfred T. Mahan5. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge & Frederick Jackson Turner6. Congregationalist minister

Josiah Strong & Senator AlbertJ. Beveridge

America becomes a world power

Chapter 10 section 1

Why ImperialismDeveloped

Humanitarian FactorWesterners believe in spreadingWestern ideas and Christianity.

Military FactorGrowing navies need new naval

bases worldwide.

Nationalist FactorNationalism drives countries to

compete for new colonies.

Economic FactorManufacturing nations need more

natural resources & markets.

European nations such as England, Spain, France, Russia, Portugal, Germany, and Belgium had already carved up Africa and large parts of Asia into colonies and "spheres of influence" by the late 1800s. To remain competitive, the United States reacted to European imperialism by looking for a way to secure its own economic future through a policy

of expansionism.

PACIFIC ISLANDS “UP FOR GRABS”

IMPERIALISM IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

Which countries were the most powerful based on this map alone?

•Traditional foreign policy

•Definition of imperialism

•Reasons and rationalizations for imperialism

TRADITIONAL UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY WAS ISOLATIONIST

“It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world”

PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1796

FOREIGN ENTANGLEMENTS: GEORGE WASHINGTON IN 1796 CAUTIONED THE NATION TO STAY OUT OF WORLD (EUROPEAN) AFFAIRS AND NOT GET INVOLVED IN THEIR WARS.

The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 defined United States foreign policy in the Americas for the rest of the nineteenth century and beyond. It declared that the United States had an interest in the Western Hemisphere and that European powers must not meddle in the affairs of any developing nations there. The United States was a young nation in 1823 and did not really have the power to back up the Monroe Doctrine. However, the policy was used to justify the sending of U.S. troops into Mexico in 1866 (to intimidate the French) and the purchase of Alaska in 1867.

The idea of manifest destiny gained popularity in the 1830s and 1840s. (The term was coined in 1845 by newspaper columnist John L. O'Sullivan.) As people began settling the western territories, wresting control of the land from the original Native American inhabitants, many Americans came to believe that it was their nation's "manifest destiny" to possess all of the North American continent. Later in the century, this idea easily gave way to larger dreams of expanding America's influence around the world.

Most of the 19th century was spent exploring and settling the western frontier of the united states, this changed the

perception of American boundaries

“Manifest destiny” extended beyond the borders of the united states

U.S. overseas possessions

UnitedStates

Commodore Perry arrived in Japan in 1853 and opened it for trade. Japan realized that they must adopt some western ways or become a conquered nation. Scholars were sent abroad to study and within 50 years Japan was an industrial power.

UnitedStates

UnitedStates

The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations.

DEFINITION OF IMPERIALISM

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

As a team, Complete the t-chart below by listing the political, economic, social,

religious, humanitarian, and strategic arguments for and against imperialism.

Imperialists/Expansionists Anti-Imperialists/Expansionists

Overproduction of food and goods led to financial panics & depressions.

Workers & farmers convince business & political leaders that the U.S. must secure new markets abroad.

Naval officers joined with business interests to convince Congress to build modern steam-powered, steel-hulled ships to protect overseas trade.

Alfred T. Mahan argued that the nation’s economic future hinged on gaining new markets abroad. He believed the U.S. needed a powerful navy to protect these markets from foreign rivals.

“He who controls the seas, controls the world.” A.T.Mahan

The united states became an imperialist power to gain more

wealth

Year Imports Exports

1870 $300 Million $350 Million

1875 $900 Million $800 Million

1880 $1.22 Billion $1.0 Billion

1889 $900 Million $800 Million

1892 $1.2 Billion $1.42 Billion

1899 1.3 Billion 1.35 Billion

1903 1.7 Billion 1.8 Billion

1914 1.6 Billion 2.8 Billion

THE UNITED STATES NEEDED NEW MARKETS TO EXPORT THE SURPLUS PRODUCTS OF ITS FARMS AND FACTORIES

ALFRED THAYER MAHAN

COALING STATION

COAL BURNING BATTLESHIP

Alfred T. Mahan, wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660-1783, stated that great nations were always seafaring nations with powerful navies. From this he reasoned the US needed to acquire colonies around the world to service and protect their Merchant Marine and Navy. Coaling stations were needed to refuel coal burning warships protecting merchant shipping.

Statesmen feared that the U.S. was losing its vitality. They worried that the closing of the frontier would sap the nation’s energy. They argued that a quest for an empire might restore the country’s pioneer spirit.

This was an age when many intellectuals believed that certain racial and national groups were superior to others.

Leaders used the doctrine of social Darwinism to justify the takeover of new territories.

For some leaders, the civilizations produced by Anglo-Saxon and Teutonic (Germanic) peoples wee superior to the societies they conquered. Social Darwinists believed that expansionism was not only this nation’s destiny but also a noble pursuit, for it introduced Christianity & modern civilization to other “heathen” peoples around the world.

Based on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and the survival of the fittest but applied to society and politics. The wealthy are the strong and therefore have the right to rule the poor who are weak. The united states as a strong nation must dominate the weaker nations.

SOCIAL DARWINISM

philosopher Herbert Spencer who developed the theory of social Darwinism

Missionary zeal, the desire to convert “heathen, non-believers” led to people

moving to “uncivilized” areas in hopes of helping natives