11 sem 2
Post on 13-Jul-2015
37 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
ACHIEVEMENT
ACHIEVEMENTUNIT 11UNIT 11
PRE
SEN
T PR
ESE
NT
PERF
EC
TPE
RFE
CT
FORMFORM [has/have + past
[has/have + past participle]participle] Examples:
Examples: You You have seenhave seen that that
movie many times.
movie many times. HaveHave you you seenseen that that
movie many times?
movie many times? You You have not seen
have not seen that that
movie many times.
movie many times.
USE
1 U
nspe
cifi
ed
USE
1 U
nspe
cifi
ed
Tim
e B
efor
e N
ow
Tim
e B
efor
e N
ow
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action
happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact
happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact
time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present
time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present
Perfect with specific time expressions such as:
Perfect with specific time expressions such as:
yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,
yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,
when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day,
when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day,
etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific
etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific
expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times,
expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times,
several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:Examples: I I have seenhave seen that movie twenty times.
that movie twenty times.
I think I I think I have met
have met him once before.
him once before.
There There have been
have been many earthquakes in California.
many earthquakes in California.
People People have traveled
have traveled to the Moon.
to the Moon.
People People have not traveled
have not traveled to Mars. to Mars.
HaveHave you you readread the book yet?
the book yet?
Nobody Nobody hashas ever
ever climbedclimbed that mountain.
that mountain.
A: A: HasHas there ever there ever beenbeen a war in the United States?
a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there B: Yes, there has been
has been a war in the United States.
a war in the United States.
TO
PIC
1
TO
PIC
1
Exp
erie
nce
Exp
erie
nce
You can use the Present Perfect to describe
You can use the Present Perfect to describe
your experience. It is like saying, "I have the
your experience. It is like saying, "I have the
experience of..." You can also use this tense
experience of..." You can also use this tense
to say that you have never had a certain
to say that you have never had a certain
experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used
experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used
to describe a specific event.
to describe a specific event.
Examples:Examples: I I have beenhave been to France.
to France.
This sentence means that you have had the
This sentence means that you have had the
experience of being in France. Maybe you
experience of being in France. Maybe you
have been there once, or several times.
have been there once, or several times.
I I have beenhave been to France three times.
to France three times.
You can add the number of times at the end of
You can add the number of times at the end of
the sentence.
the sentence. I I havehave never never beenbeen to France.
to France.
This sentence means that you have not had the
This sentence means that you have not had the
experience of going to France.
experience of going to France.
I think I I think I have seen
have seen that movie before.
that movie before.
He He hashas never never traveled
traveled by train. by train.
Joan Joan has studiedhas studied two foreign languages.
two foreign languages.
A: A: HaveHave you ever you ever metmet him? him?
B: No, I B: No, I havehave not not metmet him. him.
TO
PIC
2 C
hang
e
TO
PIC
2 C
hang
e O
ver T
ime
Ove
r Tim
e
We often use the Present Perfect to
We often use the Present Perfect to
talk about change that has
talk about change that has
happened over a period of time.
happened over a period of time.
Examples:Examples: You You have grown
have grown since the last time
since the last time
I saw you.I saw you. The government
The government has becomehas become
more interested in arts education.
more interested in arts education.
Japanese Japanese has become
has become one of the one of the
most popular courses at the
most popular courses at the
university since the Asian studies
university since the Asian studies
program was established.
program was established.
My English My English hashas really
really improvedimproved
since I moved to Australia.
since I moved to Australia.
TO
PIC
3
TO
PIC
3
Acc
ompl
ishm
ents
Acc
ompl
ishm
ents
We often use the Present
We often use the Present
Perfect to list the
Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals
accomplishments of individuals
and humanity. You cannot
and humanity. You cannot
mention a specific time.
mention a specific time.
Examples:Examples: Man Man has walked
has walked on the Moon.
on the Moon.
Our son Our son has learned
has learned how to how to
read.read. Doctors Doctors have cured
have cured many many
deadly diseases.
deadly diseases. Scientists
Scientists have splithave split the atom.
the atom.
TO
PIC
4 A
n
TO
PIC
4 A
n U
ncom
plet
ed
Unc
ompl
eted
A
ctio
n Yo
u A
re
Act
ion
You
Are
E
xpec
ting
Exp
ecti
ng
We often use the Present
We often use the Present
Perfect to say that an action
Perfect to say that an action
which we expected has not
which we expected has not
happened. Using the Present
happened. Using the Present
Perfect suggests that we are still
Perfect suggests that we are still
waiting for the action to happen.
waiting for the action to happen.
Examples:Examples: James
James has not finished
has not finished his his
homework yet.
homework yet. Susan Susan hasn't mastered
hasn't mastered
Japanese, but she can
Japanese, but she can
communicate.
communicate. Bill Bill hashas still still not arrivednot arrived..
The rain The rain hasn't stopped
hasn't stopped..
TO
PIC
5 M
ulti
ple
TO
PIC
5 M
ulti
ple
Act
ions
at D
iffe
rent
Act
ions
at D
iffe
rent
T
imes
Tim
es
We also use the Present Perfect
We also use the Present Perfect
to talk about several different
to talk about several different
actions which have occurred in
actions which have occurred in
the past at different times.
the past at different times.
Present Perfect suggests the
Present Perfect suggests the
process is not complete and
process is not complete and
more actions are possible.
more actions are possible.
Examples:Examples: The army
The army has attackedhas attacked that city
that city
five times.five times. I I have hadhave had four quizzes and five
four quizzes and five
tests so far this semester.
tests so far this semester.
We We have hadhave had many major
many major
problems while working on this
problems while working on this
project.project. She She has talked
has talked to several to several
specialists about her problem,
specialists about her problem,
but nobody knows why she is
but nobody knows why she is
sick.sick.
EX
ERC
ISE
SE
XE
RCIS
ES
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs5.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs5.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs6.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs6.htm
PRE
SEN
T PE
RFE
CT
PRE
SEN
T PE
RFE
CT
TEN
SE V
s. S
IMPL
E
TEN
SE V
s. S
IMPL
E
PAST
TE
NSE
PAST
TE
NSE
Has the time period
Has the time period finished?finished? The The present perfect
present perfect is is
used when the
used when the time time
period has NOT
period has NOT finishedfinished. I . I have seen
have seen three movies
three movies this weekthis week..
The The simple pastsimple past is used
is used
when the when the time period
time period
HAS finishedHAS finished. I . I sawsaw three movies
three movies last weeklast week
Is it
new
Is
it n
ew
info
rmat
ion
or o
ld?
info
rmat
ion
or o
ld? The The present perfect
present perfect is is
often used when giving
often used when giving
recent newsrecent news. Martin
. Martin has has
crashedcrashed his car again.
his car again. The The simple past
simple past is used is used
when giving
when giving older older
informationinformation. Martin
. Martin crashedcrashed his car last year.
his car last year.
Is it
a s
peci
fic
Is it
a s
peci
fic
tim
e?ti
me?
The The present perfect
present perfect is is
used when the
used when the time is time is
not specificnot specific. I . I have seen
have seen
that movie already.
that movie already. I I have seen
have seen that movie that movie
already. (We don't know
already. (We don't know
when.) The when.) The simple past
simple past
is used when the
is used when the time is time is
clearclear. I . I sawsaw that movie that movie
on Thursdayon Thursday..
Has
the
acti
on
Has
the
acti
on
fini
shed
(sen
tenc
es
fini
shed
(sen
tenc
es
wit
h w
ith
““ forfo
r ”” o
r o
r ““ s
ince
sinc
e ””)?)?
The The present perfect
present perfect is is
used with used with forfor and and sincesince
when the when the actions have
actions have
not finishednot finished yet. I
yet. I have have
livedlived in Victoria for
in Victoria for five five
yearsyears.. The The simple pastsimple past is used
is used
with with for for when the when the
actions have already
actions have already finishedfinished. I . I livedlived in in
Victoria for Victoria for five years
five years..
top related