2. principles of first aid in emergencies

Compiled & Presented by:Tariq Mughal

What is First Aid?

Definition

I. Save Life

II. Prevent the Injury or condition becoming worse

III. To Ease Pain

Save Life

That is to know how to :

Stop BleedingCarryout Artificial RespirationTreat Shock

Electrical

Drowning

Trauma

Drugs

Allergic Reactions

Heart Attack

Toxic , Noxious gases &

Suffocation

Chance of brain damageIf , CPR administered in late

0 to 4 minutes –4 to 6 minutes – 6 to 10 minutes –10 minutes & after

Recovery rate of victim if has Recovery rate of victim if has artificial respiration done artificial respiration done immediately immediately

Oxygenated blood flow must get to brain

Left Chin / head tilt

Look.-listen-feel for breath

Attempt to Ventilate Ventilate Every 5 seconds

Establish responsiveness

Check pulse

Recovery position

Open

Closed

Obstructed

Tongue

30 Compressions to 2 Breaths

Shock affects all major functions of the body

loss of blood flow to the tissues and organs

Shock must be treated in all accident cases

Lie victim down if possibleLie victim down if possible

Face is pale-raise the tailFace is pale-raise the tail

Face is red-raise the headFace is red-raise the head

Loosen tight clothingLoosen tight clothing

Keep victim warm and dryKeep victim warm and dry

Do not give anything by mouthDo not give anything by mouth

No stimulantsNo stimulants

To Prevent an Injury Becoming Worse by:

Protection of the wound.

Immobilization of a broken bone.

Direct PressureElevation

Cold ApplicationsPressure bandage

Where the artery passes over a bone close to the skin

Temporal

Facial

Carotid

Sub-clavian

Brachial

Radial

Ulna

Femoral

Popliteal

Pedal

Absolute last resort in controlling bleeding Remember - Life or limb

Once a tourniquet is applied, it is not to be removed , only by a doctor

Immobilization of a broken bone

To Ease Pain

That is to know how to :

Least possible movement

Gentle Handling

Supporting casualty in a good position

Least Possible movement to easy pain by . . . . . .

Gentile handling

Supporting casualty in a good position

Find out what happened without endangering him or herself

Reassure and protect the person from any further danger.

Deal with the injury or condition as required

Arrange for travel home or to hospital as necessary.

Cool applicationDon’t break blisters

Dry sterile dressing, treat for shock

RAPID TRANSPORT!!!

Treatment : Severe Burns and Scalds

Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20 minutes.

Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible, protecting burn area from ground contact.

Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the injured area before it begins to swell.

Cover the injured area loosely with sterile un-medicated dressing or similar non fluffy material and bandage.

Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn.

Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury.

Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area.

Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering.

If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately,

If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the recovery position.

Treat for shock.

Send for medical attention and prep for transport.

Observant Tactful Resourceful Discriminating Preserving Sympathetic Initiative and ability to improvise Powers of leader shiphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUt1xXASm_s

Provide Fresh Air The CASULATY must be removed at

once from any source of danger OR the source of danger From the casualty.

STOP bleeding Give Artificial Respiration Treat for SHOCK Reassure the casualty

Don’t discuss the condition of the patient in front of him.

Pain must be relieved by supporting the injured part

Do not allow people to crowd around Do not attempt too much Do not remove clothes unnecessarily Death is not to be assumed because

sign of life are absent Arrange transport to hospital by

ambulance

Think about big picture?What material you needed?How much of quantity?Where you should keep it?How to access the stock in need?

You do not need any special Equipment OR material for First-Aid.

You do not need any special equipment OR material for First-Aid.

First Aid kit does contain many useful

items such as bandages and dressings but a good first aider does not depend on.

You do not need any special equipment OR material for First-Aid.

First Aid kit does contain many useful items such as bandages and dressings but a good first aider does not depend on.

You should use whatever you have readily available and improvise it necessary.

In all incidents where there are several casualties, the most severely injured must always be treated first but remember, the noisy casualty may not be the most severely injured must always be treated first but remember, the noisy casualty may not be the most seriously injured.

Note:

A B C must be established within three minutes if the casualty is unconscious in order to prevent him/her from permanent injury.

Airway (the passage between the mouth, nose and throat) must be opened and kept open if the casualty is unconscious or choking

Breathing must be established and maintained

Airway (the passage between the mouth, nose and throat) must be opened and kept open if the casualty is unconscious or choking

Breathing must be established and maintained

Circulation of blood must be maintained.

Visualize by Imagine the casualty seen!

How You Will How You Will Proceed?Proceed?

Visualize by Imagine the casualty seen!

How You Will Proceed?How You Will Proceed? Answer : Answer : STEP-UP (3B+O), STEP-UP (3B+O), DR(AVPU)ABCDR(AVPU)ABC

Thank You for your

PATIENCE & LEARNING