chapter 14 the campaign process. nomination process once a candidate declares his/her intention to...

CHAPTER 14CHAPTER 14

The Campaign ProcessThe Campaign Process

Nomination ProcessNomination Process

Once a candidate declares his/her Once a candidate declares his/her intention to run their focus is on intention to run their focus is on winning the nomination of their winning the nomination of their ____________________

A candidate needs to be mindful of A candidate needs to be mindful of not pandering to the ____________ in not pandering to the ____________ in the party to win the nomination.the party to win the nomination.

General ElectionGeneral Election

Candidates have an incentive to Candidates have an incentive to move their positions on political move their positions on political issues to the issues to the _________________________._________________________.

The length of time between the The length of time between the nomination process and general nomination process and general election varies depending on the election varies depending on the ____________.____________.

Campaign StaffCampaign Staff

Campaign manager-travels with the Campaign manager-travels with the candidate and coordinates the candidate and coordinates the __________________

Communications director-develops Communications director-develops the overall media ______________ for the overall media ______________ for the campaignthe campaign

Pollster- consultant who conducts Pollster- consultant who conducts public opinion ________________public opinion ________________

Raising MoneyRaising Money

FECA (1974)- Federal Election FECA (1974)- Federal Election Campaign Act: 1Campaign Act: 1stst broad attempt at broad attempt at ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ regulation.regulation.

Established:Established:1) disclosure requirements (hard $)1) disclosure requirements (hard $)2) Presidential Public Funding Program2) Presidential Public Funding Program3) Federal Election Commission (FEC)- 3) Federal Election Commission (FEC)-

agency that ____________ election lawsagency that ____________ election laws

CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORMCAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM

2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (McCain Feingold)(McCain Feingold)

Banned _________________ directly to a candidateBanned _________________ directly to a candidate

*unlimited amounts of money that can be given to *unlimited amounts of money that can be given to a political party so long as that candidate is not a political party so long as that candidate is not named.named.

Sharply ______________ independent expenditures- Sharply ______________ independent expenditures- corporations, unions and other groups cancorporations, unions and other groups can ’’t t advertise referring to a candidate by name 30 days advertise referring to a candidate by name 30 days before a primary and 60 days before a general before a primary and 60 days before a general election.election.

Citizens United v FEC (2010)Citizens United v FEC (2010)

Struck down the restrictions on Struck down the restrictions on independent expenditures as a independent expenditures as a violation of the ___________________violation of the ___________________

This led to ________ spending in the This led to ________ spending in the 2010 election cycle by corporations 2010 election cycle by corporations and special interests.and special interests.

Money in Electoral Money in Electoral CampaignsCampaigns

President gets money from private President gets money from private and public funds from and public funds from ___________________ revenues during ___________________ revenues during the nomination process.the nomination process.

Congress gets _______________ Congress gets _______________ money.money.

Federal restrictions:Federal restrictions: $___________ limit for individual contributions$___________ limit for individual contributions $5000 limit for PAC contribution$5000 limit for PAC contribution

Political Action Committees Political Action Committees (PACS)(PACS)

PAC RequirementsPAC Requirements1) At least ______ voluntary members1) At least ______ voluntary members2) Give to at least 5 federal 2) Give to at least 5 federal

candidatescandidates3) limited to $__________ per election 3) limited to $__________ per election

per candidate.per candidate.

Buckley v Valeo (1976)Buckley v Valeo (1976)

The government cannot limit the The government cannot limit the amount of money candidates spend amount of money candidates spend of _________ _________family’s of _________ _________family’s resources.resources.

This decision was based on a This decision was based on a candidates 1candidates 1stst Amendment right of Amendment right of ______________ ______________

WHY INCUMBENTS WIN?WHY INCUMBENTS WIN?

Name recognitionName recognition Constituent serviceConstituent service ____________________________________________________________________ Assignments on committees that serve Assignments on committees that serve

their constituentstheir constituents __________________________________________ Take credit for anything positive that has Take credit for anything positive that has

happened. Blame Washington (or prez) happened. Blame Washington (or prez) for anything bad that has occurred.for anything bad that has occurred.

______________________________________________________________

CAMPAIGNSCAMPAIGNS

Campaigns are extremely expensive. Campaigns are extremely expensive. Most campaigns are now Most campaigns are now

concentrated on concentrated on ______________________________________________

Negative ads work, thatNegative ads work, that’’s why they s why they use them.use them.

CAMPAIGNSCAMPAIGNS

Incumbents are rarely _____________ Incumbents are rarely _____________ in a primary election.in a primary election.

A primary election is an election to A primary election is an election to nominate a candidate for office, has nominate a candidate for office, has a ________________________________a ________________________________

Types of PrimariesTypes of Primaries

_________ primaries are most _________ primaries are most common, you must belong to a party common, you must belong to a party to participate in primary.to participate in primary.

____________ primaries allow any ____________ primaries allow any registered voter to participate.registered voter to participate.

Most important thing to campaign is Most important thing to campaign is __________________, most get known __________________, most get known to be chosen.to be chosen.

Open seat is an election where there Open seat is an election where there is _________________. Parties stay out is _________________. Parties stay out of primary until a winner is chosen, of primary until a winner is chosen, then they put their support fully then they put their support fully behind the nominee.behind the nominee.

MIDTERM ELECTIONSMIDTERM ELECTIONS

Presidential races are much more Presidential races are much more ___________________ than House races, ___________________ than House races, the winning margins are more narrow.the winning margins are more narrow.

Midterm Election is an election that Midterm Election is an election that occurs every ______________ in a non-occurs every ______________ in a non-presidential election year.presidential election year. Turnout much lowerTurnout much lower All Congressmen up for reelection (435 seats)All Congressmen up for reelection (435 seats) 1/3 of Senators up for reelection1/3 of Senators up for reelection President coattails not as greatPresident coattails not as great

Congressional BreakdownCongressional Breakdown

Each state has _____ SenatorsEach state has _____ SenatorsHouse seats set at _________House seats set at _________

Number per state determined by populationNumber per state determined by population Dispersion changes every 10 years with Dispersion changes every 10 years with

National Census.National Census.

____________ has enjoyed the greatest ____________ has enjoyed the greatest jump in representation due to the jump in representation due to the last 2 counts.last 2 counts.

DRAWING DISTRICTSDRAWING DISTRICTS

The _____________________ is responsible for The _____________________ is responsible for redrawing the district lines if the census redrawing the district lines if the census causes a state to gain or lose a seat in the causes a state to gain or lose a seat in the House.House.

Gerrymandering – boundaries drawn to Gerrymandering – boundaries drawn to ____________ one party rather than another ____________ one party rather than another resulting in odd-shaped districts. This is resulting in odd-shaped districts. This is unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

Malapportionment- districts are drawn w/ Malapportionment- districts are drawn w/ very different populations. Illegal. Baker v very different populations. Illegal. Baker v _________ (1962) _________ (1962)

Nominating a PresidentNominating a President

11stst Iowa ______________ – Party leaders Iowa ______________ – Party leaders meet to select candidatemeet to select candidate

Caucus may pick more ideological Caucus may pick more ideological candidates.candidates.

22ndnd __________________Primary – __________________Primary – Voters choose favorite candidateVoters choose favorite candidate

Almost all states have primariesAlmost all states have primaries

PARTY CONVENTIONPARTY CONVENTION

Party convention is where the candidate is Party convention is where the candidate is officially nominated as presidential officially nominated as presidential candidate for party.candidate for party.

Every ___________ receive delegates to Every ___________ receive delegates to make it official.make it official.

National chair- controls party convention.National chair- controls party convention. Each convention sets party _______________ Each convention sets party _______________

for upcoming four years. for upcoming four years.

CampaignsCampaigns

Campaign is dominated by Campaign is dominated by __________. __________.

Debates really donDebates really don’’t make a t make a difference unless a candidate really difference unless a candidate really screws up.screws up.

This is referred to as the ___________This is referred to as the ___________

problem- President Fordproblem- President Ford

Electoral CollegeElectoral College

_________________ in each state – you _________________ in each state – you receive more votes in a state, you win all receive more votes in a state, you win all the electoral votes for that state.the electoral votes for that state.

You need a majority of electoral votes to You need a majority of electoral votes to win the presidency.win the presidency.

Total electoral votes is 538, but _____ Total electoral votes is 538, but _____ would be the majority.would be the majority.

The electoral college vote makes the The electoral college vote makes the margin of victory seem larger than it really margin of victory seem larger than it really is.is.

No Electoral WinnerNo Electoral Winner

1212thth Amendment – creates Amendment – creates ___________ elections for the ___________ elections for the president and vice president.president and vice president.

If no candidate wins 270 votesIf no candidate wins 270 votes Presidential race goes to House, __________ Presidential race goes to House, __________

gets a vote, 26 votes wins.gets a vote, 26 votes wins. Vice President races goes to Senate, each Vice President races goes to Senate, each

senator gets a vote, 51 votes wins.senator gets a vote, 51 votes wins.

WHO WINS AND WHYWHO WINS AND WHY

• The most recognized with the most The most recognized with the most money raised and is an incumbent wins.money raised and is an incumbent wins.

• _____________________ still #1 reason why _____________________ still #1 reason why you vote for someone.you vote for someone.

• Democrats have larger numbers, should Democrats have larger numbers, should win, but Republicans have ____________win, but Republicans have ____________

________________and get more ________________and get more independent voters.independent voters.

WHO DECIDES ELECTIONS?WHO DECIDES ELECTIONS?

Party ________ still #1Party ________ still #1Democrats have more registered Democrats have more registered

votersvotersRepublicans have higher turnout.Republicans have higher turnout.GOP does better among GOP does better among

independentsindependentsPeople change parties when their People change parties when their

_______ _______________._______ _______________.

What decides elections?What decides elections?

1) strength of ____________.1) strength of ____________.2) popularity of candidate.2) popularity of candidate.3) party _____________ and ideology.3) party _____________ and ideology.

In Congressional campaigns:In Congressional campaigns:District lines and who is included and District lines and who is included and

_______________ in the district._______________ in the district.